Osteomyelitis and Pathologic Fracture of Mandible in Undiagnosed Osteopetrosis.

Osteopetrosis (OP) is a heterogeneous group of rare, heredity bone disorders with variable clinical features involving the bones of the body. OP is characterized by increased bone density, which is caused by aberrant osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This syndromic disorder comes with a series of problems and, unless recognized and treated early, can lead to a multitude of further grave complications. We report a rare case of a female patient who reported chronic unhealed extraoral draining sinus present over the left submandibular region with pathologic fracture of the left mandibular angle, which, if, was diagnosed early with the identification of the osteopetrosis syndrome, could have been managed more conservatively.

Effect of milking environment enrichment through music on production performance and behaviour in cattle.

Enrichment of milking environment through music has been proposed to help animals to cope with divergent stressors. In sight of the above, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Indian instrumental music-based environmental enrichment played in yaman raga on milk production performance and behaviour in cattle. A total of 21 lactating dairy cattle (Vrindavani crossbred cows) having similar parity and stage of lactation were selected in three groups - T1, T2 and T3, each consisting of seven animals. The T1 and T2 groups were exposed to instrumental flute and sitar, respectively, 10 min prior to the start of milking and continued till completion of milking; while the T3 group served as control. Musical enrichment of the environment was done using recorded-tape of flute and sitar was played in yamen raga at 40-60 (dB) decibel intensity. The results revealed a non-significant difference in milk yield, rectal temperature, respiration rate, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) hormones. However, there exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) difference in milking time, milking speed, cortisol hormones and behavioural parameters such as milk let-down in the animals exposed to music compared to the control group. Thus, the results have significant implications relating to the behavioural fitness and welfare of dairy animals and reducing residual milk.

Rehabilitation of acquired mandibular defect with two-piece, magnet-retained salivary reservoir.

Resection of large tumors involving mandible is the most common reason for mandibulectomy in patients. Adjunct therapies complicate the clinical situation and advocates innovations in conventional design concepts and treatment protocols. Xerostomia is one of the most common complications arising post-radiotherapy. Incorporation of a salivary reservoir in the design has been frequently used in xerostomia patients using acrylic dentures. The purpose of the article is to highlight a technique and steps in rehabilitation of a large acquired mandibular defect using a two-piece, magnet-retained acrylic removable partial denture with salivary reservoir.

Selection and validation of differentially expressed metabolic and immune genes in weaned Ghurrah versus crossbred piglets.

In the present investigation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were studied using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of weaned Ghurrah and crossbred piglets at 3-month age. Transcriptomic analysis was done using three different packages, namely, EBSeq, DESeq2, and edgeR, to identify the DEGs between Ghurrah and crossbred piglets. Total 7717 DEGs were commonly identified by all three packages, out of which 4151 genes found to be up-regulated, and 3566 genes were down-regulated. Functional annotation of these DEGs indicated metabolism as the most commonly enriched category followed by the immune response. Genes related to metabolism and growth were up-regulated in crossbred piglets as compared with Ghurrah piglets, whereas immunity-related genes were up-regulated in Ghurrah piglets elucidating the disease resistance nature of this indigenous breed over crossbred counterparts. Further, eight DEGs, namely, LRP-1, ADCY4, ERRFI1, LDHD, ARG1, OASL, MGARP, and S100A8, were validated by qRT-PCR in a separate set of biological samples and found to be in concordance with RNA-seq results. Finding in the present study provides insight into genes and their molecular mechanisms governing difference in growth performance between Ghurrah and crossbred pigs.

Assessment of meat quality defect genes in indigenous pigs of Bareilly region.

This investigation was undertaken to assess the population of indigenous (Bareilly local) pigs for meat quality genes (RYR1, PRKAG3, HFABP, MYF-5, and MC4R). The results showed that indigenous pigs were monomorphic at RYR1locus (100% NN genotype), HFABP locus (100% HH genotype), and MYF-5 locus (100% DD genotype). Homozygote RR and heterozygote QR genotypes were observed at PRKAG3 (c.599 G>A) SNP locus with 89 and 11% frequency. The frequency of wild (R) and mutant (Q) allele at the said locus was 95 and 5%. The MC4R SNP had three genotypes; homozygote AA with 5% frequency, heterozygote AG with 53% frequency, and homozygote GG with 42% frequency. Corresponding frequency of A and G allele was 32 and 68%, respectively. Monomorphic status at RYR1locus for NN genotype, HFABP locus for HH genotype, and MYF-5 locus for DD genotype indicated that favorable genes for quality pork production have been fixed in the population. The higher frequency of RR genotype (89%) at PRKAG3 and GG genotype (42%) at MC4R locus further explained the existence of favorable genotypes in indigenous pigs.

Development and evaluation of retort pouch processed chhenapoda (cheese based baked sweet).

A study has been undertaken to optimize ingredient proportions for preparation of chhenapoda and the effect of retort processing on its quality and storability. Chhenapoda was prepared from cottage cheese with standard practices followed by confectioners using different levels of semolina (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 g) and sugar (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 g) per kg cheese and ingredient proportion was optimized based on sensory scores. Prepared chhenapoda sample of 200 g were packed in pre-fabricated 3 side seal multilayer laminated retortable pouches, hermetically sealed and retort processed at different temperatures (100, 110 and 120 °C) and time intervals (15, 30 and 45 min). It was found from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique that addition of 18.5% sugar and 7.5% semolina with cottage cheese was optimum for chhenapoda preparation. Microbiological analysis showed that total plate count and yeast and mould count (YMC) decreased from 110 × 107 to 4 × 104 and YMC from 3 × 103 to 0 respectively during retort processing (30 min thermal processing in laminated pouch at 120 °C). From the storage study, it can be concluded that retort processing of chhenapoda in laminated pouch at 120 °C for 30 min resulted in microbiological safe and sensory acceptable product which could be stored up to 30 days under refrigerated condition.

Polymorphism distribution of RYR1, PRKAG3, HFABP, MYF-5 and MC4R genes in crossbred pigs.

This study was designed to screen the crossbred pigs for SNPs in five candidate genes, associated with pork quality traits and to differentiate their genotypes by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that genotypes of crossbred pigs were NN (90%) and Nn (10%) for RYR1; RR (83%) and QR (17%) for PRKAG3; HH (98%), Hh (1%) and hh (1%) for HFABP; DD (99%) and CD (1%) for MYF-5; and AG (57%), GG (26%) and AA (17%) for MC4R SNPs, respectively. Allelic frequencies for five SNPs {RYR1 (1843C>T), PRKAG3 (c.599G>A), HFABP (c.1322C>T), MYF-5 (c.1205A>C) and MC4R (c.1426A>G)} were 0.95 and 0.05 (N/n), 0.08 and 0.92 (Q/R), 0.99 and 0.01 (H/h), 0.00 and 1.00 (C/D) and 0.45 and 0.55 (A/G), respectively. The effect of RYR1 (1843C>T) SNP was significant on pH45 (P < 0.05), pH24 (P < 0.05) and protein % (P < 0.05). The PRKAG3 (c.599G>A) and MC4R (c.1426A>G) SNP had significant association with dressing percentages. The results revealed that RYR1, PRKAG3 and MC4R SNPs may be used in marker associated selection for pork quality traits in crossbred pigs.

RNA Seq analysis for transcriptome profiling in response to classical swine fever vaccination in indigenous and crossbred pigs.

In present investigation, differential expression of transcriptome after classical swine fever (CSF) vaccination has been explored at the cellular level in crossbred and indigenous (desi) piglets. RNA Sequencing by Expectation-Maximization (RSEM) package was used to quantify gene expression from RNA Sequencing data, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using EBSeq, DESeq2, and edgeR softwares. After analysis, 5222, 6037, and 6210 common DEGs were identified in indigenous post-vaccinated verses pre-vaccinated, crossbred post-vaccinated verses pre-vaccinated, and post-vaccinated crossbred verses indigenous pigs, respectively. Functional annotation of these DEGs showed enrichment of antigen processing-cross presentation, B cell receptor signaling, T cell receptor signaling, NF-κB signaling, and TNF signaling pathways. The interaction network among the immune genes included more number of genes with greater connectivity in vaccinated crossbred than the indigenous piglets. Higher expression of IRF3, IL1ß, TAP1, CSK, SLA2, SLADM, and NF-kB in crossbred piglets in comparison to indigenous explains the better humoral response observed in crossbred piglets. Here, we predicted that the processed CSFV antigen through the T cell receptor signaling cascade triggers the B cell receptor-signaling pathway to finally activate MAPK kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways in B cell. This activation results in expression of genes/transcription factors that lead to B cell ontogeny, auto immunity and immune response through antibody production. Further, immunologically important genes were validated by qRT-PCR.

Insight into growth of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles: an in situ XAS study.

Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized through a one-pot synthesis route from their respective chloride precursors using block copolymer as a stabilizer. Growth of the nanoparticles has been studied by simultaneous in situ measurement of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy at the energy-dispersive EXAFS beamline (BL-08) at Indus-2 SRS at RRCAT, Indore, India. In situ XAS spectra, comprising both X-ray near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) parts, have been measured simultaneously at the Au and Pt L3-edges. While the XANES spectra of the precursors provide real-time information on the reduction process, the EXAFS spectra reveal the structure of the clusters formed in the intermediate stages of growth. This insight into the formation process throws light on how the difference in the reduction potential of the two precursors could be used to obtain the core-shell-type configuration of a bimetallic alloy in a one-pot synthesis method. The core-shell-type structure of the nanoparticles has also been confirmed by ex situ energy-dispersive spectroscopy line-scan and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with in situ ion etching on fully formed nanoparticles.

Effect of oxygen partial pressure in deposition ambient on the properties of RF magnetron sputter deposited Gd2O3 thin films.

Gadolinium oxide is an excellent optical material that offers high transmission in a wide wavelength range of 200-1600 nm and exhibits a high bulk refractive index of ∼1.80 at 550 nm. In the present study, a set of Gd2O3 thin films has been deposited on fused silica substrates by RF sputtering of a Gd2O3 target under various O2 to Ar flow ratios. The samples have been characterized by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to study the long range structural behavior, by GIXR to study density and surface roughness of the films, by atomic force microscopy measurements to study morphological properties, by Rutherford backscattering measurements for compositional studies, and by transmission spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques to study their optical properties. It has been observed that the films deposited with 10% oxygen partial pressure have low density, high surface roughness, and high void content, which results in a low value of refractive index of this film, and film quality improves as oxygen partial pressure is further increased. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurement with synchrotron radiation has also been employed to extract local structural information around Gd sites, which has in turn been used to explain some of the observed macroscopic properties of the films.

Changes of haemogram and serum biochemistry in neonatal piglet diarrhoea associated with porcine rotavirus type A.

Porcine rotavirus type A (RVA) is a major cause of neonatal piglet mortality in India. The effect of the disease on haemogram and serum biochemical profile is not well established in piglets. Accordingly, we assessed the haemogram and serum biochemical profile in the neonatal piglet diarrhoea with RVA infection (n = 17). The diagnosis of RVA was confirmed using RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE), commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Non-infected healthy piglets (n = 6) served as control. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in serum were measured by spectrophotometric method. Haemogram was done in the blood using sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2 EDTA) as anticoagulant. The mean values of total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased and concentrations of ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the RVA-infected piglets. Haemogram showed marked haemoconcentration (P < 0.001), leukopenia (P < 0.01) and neutropenia (P < 0.01) in the presence of RVA infection than healthy piglets. The results indicated a possible extra-intestinal spread of RVA in piglets during neonatal diarrhoea. The finding might be helpful to clinicians and while treating such type of clinical cases, incorporation of organ protective drugs will be helpful for better response in the treatment schedule.

Growth of block copolymer stabilized metal nanoparticles probed simultaneously by in situ XAS and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

The growth of Au and Pt nanoparticles from their respective chloride precursors using block copolymer-based reducers has been studied by simultaneous in situ measurement of XAS and UV-Vis spectroscopy at the energy-dispersive EXAFS beamline (BL-08) at INDUS-2 SRS at RRCAT, Indore, India. While the XANES spectra of the precursor give real-time information on the reduction process, the EXAFS spectra reveal the structure of the clusters formed at the intermediate stages of growth. The growth kinetics of both types of nanoparticles are found to be almost similar and are found to follow three stages, though the first stage of nucleation takes place earlier in the case of Au than in the case of Pt nanoparticles due to the difference in the reduction potential of the respective precursors. The first two stages of the growth of Au and Pt nanoparticles as obtained by in situ XAS measurements could be corroborated by simultaneous in situ measurement of UV-Vis spectroscopy also.

Analysis of argentinated peptide complexes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Peptide = oxytocin, arg(8) -vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, neurotensin.

RATIONALE: The increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for various biological applications, and over-expression of various peptide receptors in different tumors/cancer cells, necessitate the need for dedicated investigations on the intrinsic binding ability of Ag with various biologically important peptides for better understanding of AgNPs-peptide interactions and for the future development of contrasting agents as well as drugs for imaging/biomedical applications. METHODS: The [M+(Ag)n ](+) complexes are prepared and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). RESULTS: Silver complexes of the peptides [M+(Ag)n ](+) , where M = oxytocin, arg(8) -vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and neurotensin, have been investigated for their intrinsic Ag(+) -binding ability. Unusual binding of up to seven Ag(+) with these small peptides is observed. The mass spectra show n = 1-5 for bombesin and somatostatin, n = 1-6 for bradykinin and arg(8) -vasopressin, and n = 1-7 for oxytocin and neurotensin. In addition, oxytocin and arg(8) -vasopressin show the formation of dimers and their complexes [M2 +(Ag)n ](+) with n = 1-8 and n = 1-5, respectively. The possible amino acid residues responsible for Ag(+) binding in each peptide have been identified on the basis of density functional theory (DFT)-calculated binding energy values of Ag(+) towards individual amino acids. CONCLUSIONS: Mass spectrometric evidence indicates that the peptides, viz., oxytocin, arg(8) -vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and neurotensin, show greater affinity for Ag(+) . Hence, they may be used as carriers for AgNPs in targeted drug delivery as well as an alternative for iodinated contrasting agents in dual energy X-ray imaging techniques. Radio-labeled Ag with these peptides can also be used in radio-pharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

EXAFS studies on Gd-doped ZrO2 thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering.

ZrO2 thin films with 0%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13% Gd doping have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering and have been characterized by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and optical transmission measurements to probe their structural and optical properties. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements have also been carried out on the samples at the Zr K- and Gd L3-edges. It has been observed that Gd goes to Zr sites up to 9%-11% doping concentration, and for Gd doping concentrations beyond 11%, Gd precipitates out as a separate Gd2O3 phase. The local structure information surrounding the Zr and Gd sites obtained from the analysis of the EXAFS studies have also been used to explain the macroscopic optical properties of the samples.

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements on radio frequency magnetron sputtered HfO2 thin films deposited with different oxygen partial pressures.

Two sets of HfO2 thin film have been deposited by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at various oxygen partial pressures, one set without any substrate bias and another set with a 50 W pulsed dc substrate bias. The films have been characterized by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements at the Hf L3 edge, and the structural information obtained from analysis of the EXAFS data has been used to explain the macroscopic behavior of the refractive index obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. It has been observed that the variation of refractive index with oxygen partial pressure depends on the Hf-Hf bond length for the set of films deposited without substrate bias, while for the other set of films deposited with pulsed dc substrate bias, it depends on the oxygen coordination of the nearest neighbor shell surrounding Hf sites.

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements on asymmetric bipolar pulse direct current magnetron sputtered Ta(2)O(5) thin films.

Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) thin films have been deposited on fused silica substrates using a novel asymmetric bipolar DC magnetron sputtering technique under a mixed ambient of oxygen and argon. Films have been prepared at different oxygen-to-argon ratios, and the sputtering ambient and optical properties of the films have been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, while the structural analysis of the films has been carried out by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The concentration of oxygen and tantalum in the Ta2O5 films has been estimated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The variation of the optical constants of the films with changes in deposition parameters has been explained in the light of the change in average Ta-O bond lengths and oxygen coordination around Ta sites as obtained from EXAFS measurements. The trend in variation of the oxygen-to-tantalum ratio in the films obtained from RBS measurement, as a function of oxygen partial pressure used during sputtering, is found to follow the trend in variation of the oxygen coordination number around Ta sites obtained from EXAFS measurement.

Evaluation of the hard and soft tissue changes after maxillary advancement with rigid external distractor in unilateral cleft lip and palate induced maxillary hypoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Midfacial growth retardation in cleft lip and palate (CLP) cases, is seen in all the three dimensions. Conventionally these cases are managed by orthographic surgery which has a high rate of relapse. The application of the distraction osteogenesis (DO) has revolutionized the management protocol. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of rigid external distractor (RED) in management of cleft induced maxillary hypoplasia. METHODS: Ten cases of unilateral CLP between 11 and 20 years of age having gross midfacial deficiency and those who have undergone presurgical orthodontic treatment were included in the study. The cases were operated for Le Fort 1 osteotomy and application of RED. DO was carried out through transnasal traction wires. Clinico-radiological evaluation of presurgical and 1, 6 and 12 months post distraction parameters were statistically analysed by application of paired 't'-test. RESULT: There were 4 males and 6 females with a mean age of 15.1 years. The mean distraction carried out was 14.95 mm. There was a significant improvement in all the hard and soft tissue parameters except SNB. Facial profile improvement and stable occlusion was achieved in all the cases. CONCLUSION: Midfacial DO using RED is a versatile procedure where the maxilla can be moved in multiple planes to achieve a functional, aesthetic and occlusal balance. Keeping in view of the significant relapse rate the clinicians are required to plan 15-20% excess amount of distraction.

Dermoid cysts of maxillofacial region.

The dermoid cyst is an uncommon clinicopathological lesion of developmental origin. The term dermoid cyst is used to describe 3 cysts that are closely related histologically: dermoid cyst, epidermoid cyst, and teratoma. Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign nature, which may occur anywhere in the body, but most predominantly in the ovary and scrotal regions. Only about 7% are found in the head and neck. The occurrence of such cysts in the oral cavity is extremely rare, with approximately 1.6% located in this area. The floor of the mouth is one of the most commonly affected area, however, these cysts can also be found in the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa and jaw bones. There is always a difficulty of making a correct diagnosis of these lesions with clinical examinations and conventional radiography. To achieve a diagnosis and to develop correct surgical strategy specialized imaging examinations such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histopathological examination should be carried out. Treatment comprises total surgical excision the approach remains dictated logically by the cyst's location. Ample understanding and vigilance about this slow growing painless mass is essential not only because of the symptoms it produces but also due to its malignant potential. When dermoid cysts occur on the floor of the mouth, they may enlarge to such an extent that they can interfere with deglutition and produce respiratory obstruction. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for these cystic entities.