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1.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 36(10): 1839-1845, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28477235

RESUMEN

Daptomycin (DAP) is widely used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The emergence of DAP non-susceptible MRSA strains during therapy is a major concern in clinical settings. Recent studies revealed that MRSA spontaneously reverts to a subsequent methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain. However, it is not clear whether DAP non-susceptible MRSA has the ability to revert to a susceptible strain. We obtained an MRSA strain pair, DAP non-susceptible strain and subsequent DAP susceptible strain, from a patient. To understand the underlying mechanism by which DAP non-susceptible MRSA reverts to a susceptible strain, we performed genetic and phenotypic analysis in the strain pair. Although whole-genome analysis revealed four missense mutations, including L826F in mprF, in both strains, the net cell-surface charge was similar between the DAP non-susceptible and susceptible strains. However, the thickness of the cell wall was higher in the DAP non-susceptible strain, which was decreased to the same level as the control after reversion to the DAP susceptible strain. Moreover, the non-susceptible strain showed higher mRNA expression of the two-component system (TCS), such as VraSR, yycG and GraS, with the up-regulated transcription levels of cell-wall biosynthesis-related genes. The expression levels of those genes were decreased after reversion to the susceptible strain. These results indicated that DAP non-susceptibility due to up-regulation of the TCS and cell-wall biosynthesis-related genes may be reversible by the discontinuation of DAP, leading to reversion to the DAP susceptible phenotype.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Daptomicina/farmacología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genotipo , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Mutación Missense , Fenotipo
2.
Kyobu Geka ; 61(4): 331-4, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18411699

RESUMEN

A 59-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with shortness of breath and edema of the lower extremities was diagnosed with right ventricular failure stemming from severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). She had undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR) with a mechanical valve at the age of 42. The approach to the heart was established via a right thoracotomy at the 4th intercostals space. A beating heart cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was performed in which tricuspid valve repair was performed with the edge-to-edge repair and MC3 annuloplasty system. The operative course was uneventful. This technique may be feasible and clinically effective in the treatment of severe TR.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad
3.
J Hosp Infect ; 100(3): e200-e203, 2018 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29574119

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate the appropriate scrubbing technique for needleless connectors to minimize contamination risk. To demonstrate a highly effective scrubbing technique to physically eliminate bacteria, needleless connectors were contaminated with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and then scrubbed. The study showed that the highest bacterial elimination rate was achieved by scrubbing an access port in a straight line with an alcohol cotton swab, applying a force that was almost equal to an arterial compression haemostasis to the access port, and repeating this procedure once using a new alcohol cotton swab.


Asunto(s)
Catéteres/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Geobacillus stearothermophilus/aislamiento & purificación , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Geobacillus stearothermophilus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Esporas Bacterianas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Esporas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación
4.
Kyobu Geka ; 59(6): 455-8, 2006 Jun.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16780065

RESUMEN

An open stent-grafting applied with the Matsui-Kitamura (MK) stent to a distal arch aneurysm is presented herein. The graft using the MK stent at its distal end was successfully inserted into the descending thoracic aorta through a J-shaped sheath-introducer. The major advantages of this stent-graft include its flexibility, shape memory, and small profile when compressed, compared with other devices. This technique may be feasible and clinically effective in the treatment of distal arch aneurysm.


Asunto(s)
Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/métodos , Stents/normas , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos
5.
Transplant Proc ; 37(1): 262-4, 2005.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15808614

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although liver transplantation has become a standard therapy for diseases such as fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis, the lack of donor organs remains a major problem. One solution is the development of transplantable hepatocytes. The metabolic characteristics as well as function and adaptation of hepatocytes (R-EES-hep cell) derived from rat early embryonic stem cells were examined after transplantation into rats with surgically induced liver failure. METHODS: Rat hepatocyte cell lines were established from early embryonic stem cells cultured in the presence of embryotrophic factors by colony cloning methods. The cell lines were established from two cell embryos taken from spontaneous dwarf rats using the novel method of Ishiwata et al. Morphologic differentiation as well as albumin and bilirubin production were observed by immunostaining. R-EES-hep cells were transplanted into the spleens of 90% hepatectomized, surgically induced liver failure rats to analyze survival rates. RESULTS: When cultured in type I collagen gel the cells formed cordlike structures resembling the liver. Both albumin and bilirubin production were observed when transplanted; the spleen was converted into a liver-like structure with prolonged survival of the 90% hepatectomized rats for up to 3 months up to the time of killing. CONCLUSIONS: R-EES-hep cells showed many of the distinctive metabolic characteristics of the liver. These cells may be efficient for further research and application for hepatic cell transplantation to treat liver insufficiency patients and as biologic artificial organs.


Asunto(s)
Hepatocitos/citología , Hepatocitos/trasplante , Fallo Hepático/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre , Animales , Línea Celular , Hepatectomía , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hígado/cirugía , Hepatopatías , Fallo Hepático/etiología , Hígado Artificial , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Células Madre
6.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol ; 33 Suppl: S55-9, 1994.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7511068

RESUMEN

The therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) performed on 31 patients with primary liver cancer was evaluated using the following procedures: (1) the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) reduction rates and prognoses were analyzed according to the tumor reduction rates (TR), and (2) the AFP reduction rates and prognoses were also analyzed according to the tumor necrosis rates (TN) estimated by regarding every region with Lipiodol retention as being necrotic. The following results were obtained. The AFP level was 400 ng/ml or higher in 15 patients (48%). Their AFP reduction rates were as favorably high as 65.4%-99.8% (mean, 88.1%), and the AFP level was normalized in 3 patients. The cumulative survival rates after the initial treatment were relatively high, i.e., 78.4% in the 1st year, 58.1% in the 2nd year, and 38.7% in the 3rd year. These results suggested the effectiveness of the TAE treatment undertaken in this study. Regarding the TR, the tumor was reduced in size by 50% or more in only 5 patients (16%), and most patients had a TR of less than 25%. On the other hand, the majority, 25 patients (81%), had a TN ranging between 50% and less than 100%, including 7 who had a TN ranging between 50% and less than 90% and 18 who had a TN ranging between 90% and less than 100%. There was no significant correlation between the AFP reduction rate and the TN or TR. Regarding evaluation of the cumulative survival rates by TR and TN, the 1-year survival rate was lower in patients having a TR of less than 25% than in those having a TR of 25% or more. Patients having a TN of less than 50% showed a poor outcome as compared with those having a TN of 50% or more. Although the TR was found to be less than 50% in a majority of the patients when the therapeutic effect of TAE on the liver cancer was evaluated according to the TR, many of these patients showed a good outcome. Thus, the conventional efficacy evaluation, in which a tumor reduction of 50% or more is considered to be effective, should be reconsidered. On the other hand, the TN was found to be 50% or more in most of the patients, suggesting the necessity of a more detailed classification of TN. In relation to the survival rate, patients having a TN of less than 50% showed a poor outcome.


Asunto(s)
Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Epirrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Aceite Yodado/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis
7.
Cortex ; 37(2): 187-95, 2001 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11394720

RESUMEN

We report a left-handed man who demonstrated a pure agraphia limited to words written in Kana characters (syllabograms) following a right putaminal hemorrhage. Writing words in Kanji characters (logograms) was well preserved. His performance in Kana writing was characterized by intact ability to write single syllables, error increase in the second half of words directly proportional to the word length and correct but slow writing of words using kana blocks. Errors were more prominent in Hiragana words than Katakana words which are usually used to transcribe foreign words. Acoustic-grapheme sequencing per se was not impaired as shown by his correct performance in arranging character blocks. These findings suggest selective damage to the graphemic buffer, a module that temporarily maintains the graphemic representation elaborated in previous stages before it is sent to the peripheral systems for its motor realization.


Asunto(s)
Agrafia/psicología , Hemorragia Cerebral/psicología , Anciano , Agrafia/etiología , Afasia/psicología , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Paresia/etiología , Lectura , Escritura
8.
Vet Microbiol ; 11(1-2): 1-11, 1986 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3705443

RESUMEN

Three different bovine ephemeral fever group viruses were tested for hemagglutination (HA). One of them, Tortilla Flat virus (CSIRO 368), agglutinated erythrocytes from geese, pigeons, horses, hamsters, mice and guinea-pigs when the concentrated infectious culture fluid was used as a hemagglutinin. The HA was dependent on the pH of phosphate buffered saline used as the erythrocyte diluent when using borate buffered saline (pH 9.0) with 0.4% bovine serum albumin as the antigen diluent. The optimal pH of the phosphate buffer was from 5.2 to 5.8. The HA, however, was not dependent on salt concentration. The incubation temperature did not affect the HA titer significantly. This HA reaction was inhibited by serotype specific antiserum.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Hemaglutinación , Rhabdoviridae/inmunología , Virosis/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Línea Celular , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Sueros Inmunes , Especificidad de la Especie , Virosis/inmunología , Virosis/microbiología
9.
Vet Microbiol ; 19(1): 13-21, 1989 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2538022

RESUMEN

Four cattle persistently infected with non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus and 3 normal controls were challenge exposed to cytopathogenic BVD-MD viruses that are antigenically different from the persistent viruses. Two of the persistently infected cattle developed mucosal disease and became moribund on postinoculation days (PID) 28 and 14, respectively; one developed severe and chronic diarrhoea and became moribund on PID 32; and the other remained healthy until the end of the experiment (PID 150). All control cattle showed transient fever, but no diarrhoea, and recovered from infection. Cytopathogenic viruses were isolated from blood of all cattle early in infection (PID 5-10) and from carcasses at necropsy. The former viruses were antigenically identical with the challenge viruses. On the other hand, the antigenicity of the cytopathogenic viruses isolated from carcasses at necropsy were different from that of the challenge viruses but similar to that of the non-cytopathogenic persistent viruses. Three of 4 persistently infected cattle, but not the calf which became moribund on PID 14, produced serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies to the challenge viruses, but not to the persistent viruses and the cytopathogenic viruses isolated from carcasses at necropsy. Control cattle produced SN antibodies to both the challenge and persistent viruses.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/análisis , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/inmunología , Pestivirus/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Pruebas de Neutralización
10.
Hum Cell ; 1(3): 289-96, 1988 Sep.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2979206

RESUMEN

Our method of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) using autologous IL-2-cultured lymphocytes differs from so-called LAK therapy in several points. We (1) obtain cultured lymphocytes from effusion lymphocytes (EL) or regional lymph-node lymphocytes (RLNL), when possible, rather than peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), (2) use crude IL-2 to induce T cell proliferation and to maintain killer activity, (3) use sonicated autologous tumor extract as antigen (Ag) to stimulate proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, and (4) pretreat the patients with local administration of OK-432 before AIT to induce effector cells that act synergistically with transferred killer cells. Surface marker analysis showed that OKT3, IL-2 receptor, Leu 2+15- cells were elevated while Leu 11a and Leu 3+8+ cells were decreased. Culture of RLNL augmented the expression of Leu 3+8- marker. Both of PBL and RLNL responded to Ag, and their auto-tumor killing activities were augmented in about half of the patients while rarely decrease by the addition of Ag. Response rates of patients with pleural effusion due to breast cancer and those with liver metastasis of breast cancer were 94% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, the survival was prolonged in the treated patients with pleural effusion or gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.


Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Interleucina-2/uso terapéutico , Células Asesinas Activadas por Linfocinas/trasplante , Neoplasias/terapia , Células Cultivadas , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/tendencias , Picibanil/uso terapéutico
11.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; 81(4): 607-10, 1999 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10463730

RESUMEN

We describe in 30 feet the occurrence of a tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by a ganglion. The presenting symptom was numbness or pain in the toes and the sole with paraesthesiae in the distribution of the medial plantar nerve in 63% of the patients. Swellings which were not palpable were detected by ultrasonography. Twenty-nine patients were treated by operation. Most ganglia originated from the talocalcaneal joint, and five were associated with a talocalcaneal coalition. The surgical outcome was satisfactory in all patients except one who had a further operation for a recurrence of the ganglion.


Asunto(s)
Ganglios , Síndrome del Túnel Tarsiano/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Ganglios/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios/fisiopatología , Ganglios/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conducción Nerviosa , Síndrome del Túnel Tarsiano/fisiopatología , Síndrome del Túnel Tarsiano/cirugía , Ultrasonografía
12.
Intern Med ; 39(11): 877-84, 2000 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11065236

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effects of using long-term long acting nitrates without a dose-free interval in treating patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 297 patients taking prescribed medication for secondary prevention of the MI were selected for the study. They were divided into a nitrate group consisting of 222 patients who had continuously received long-acting nitrates without a dose-free interval, and a control group consisting of 75 patients who were not able to use the long-acting nitrates because of adverse effects. The primary endpoint was cardiac events, either cardiac death or a nonfatal MI, in five years. RESULTS: The incidence of primary endpoint in five years was 13.4 percent in the nitrate group and 6.2 percent in the control group, a 2.2-fold increase in risk. However, the difference was not significant. After adjustment for age, there was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of primary endpoint in the nitrate group (9.8%) and that in the control group (5.7%). A Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that the long-acting nitrates were not related to the incidence of primary endpoint (p=0.23). CONCLUSION: The administration of long-term long-acting nitrates without a dose-free interval had no benefit of reducing the incidence of cardiac events of patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for acute MI.


Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Nitratos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Trombolítica , Vasos Coronarios , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo
13.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 48(41): 1372-4, 2001.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11677967

RESUMEN

A 73-year-old male patient presenting with synchronous triple cancer of the hypopharynx, esophagus and stomach is herein reported. To pursue safety by reducing surgical stress and better postoperative quality of life, we preserved the stomach by treating the gastric cancer by endoscopic mucosal resection and subsequently used the stomach for making an elongated stomach roll during the esophageal reconstruction. Postoperatively, no complications occurred and the patient has been on oral feeding for 23 months with no recurrence of primary cancer.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagoplastia/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirugía , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Esofagectomía , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patología , Laringectomía , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Faringectomía , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Técnicas de Sutura , Expansión de Tejido/métodos
14.
J Vet Med Sci ; 54(2): 293-6, 1992 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1606260

RESUMEN

The mechanism of immunosuppression induced by leukemic bovine serum was investigated with respect to lymphokine reactions using an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent bovine T cell line generated from bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The suppression of concanavalin A (con A)-induced PBL blastogenesis was observed at a high rate in leukemic cattle sera. The growth of IL-2-dependent bovine T cells and IL-2 production from con A-induced bovine PBLs were also inhibited by these sera, and particularly, the latter was correlated significantly to the degree of lymphocyte blastogenesis by the mitogen. Therefore, the lesser sensitivity of lymphocytes to IL-2 and the reduced IL-2 production by activated lymphocytes seem to play a role in suppressing the lymphocyte reaction.


Asunto(s)
Leucosis Bovina Enzoótica/inmunología , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Interleucina-2/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Leucosis Bovina Enzoótica/sangre
15.
Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 48(1): 24-9, 2000 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10714017

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to assess whether pretreatment with nicorandil enhanced myocardial protection provided by cold (15 degrees C) high-potassium (25 mmol/l) blood cardioplegia during open heart surgery. METHODS: Subjects were 40 patients with a variety of acquired heart diseases undergoing cardiac surgery involved cardiopulmonary bypass. They were randomly divided into two groups, 25 pretreated nicorandil (0.3 mg/kg) 30 minutes before aortic cross clamping, 15 not pretreated. After aortic cross clamping, the initial dose of cardioplegic solution (10 ml/kg) was administered through the ascending aorta and supplemental doses of cardioplegia (5 ml/kg) given each 30 minutes thereafter. Preoperative and postoperative cardiac troponin-T, myosin light chain 1 and cardiac enzymes were measured and hemodynamic data recorded. RESULTS: Postoperative serum creatine kinase and myosin light chain 1 were significantly lower in the nicorandil pretreatment group than in controls. Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and troponin-T were lower and cardiac output was higher after surgery in the nicorandil group, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that pretreatment with nicorandil enhances the myocardial protection achieved by cold blood cardioplegia.


Asunto(s)
Paro Cardíaco Inducido/métodos , Nicorandil/administración & dosificación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Soluciones Cardiopléjicas , Frío , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Potasio , Premedicación , Supervivencia Tisular
16.
Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 48(12): 761-8, 2000 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11197819

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a temporary balloon occlusion test for the prevention of paraplegia following transluminally placed endoluminal prosthetic grafts for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two occlusion balloons were inserted via the brachial and femoral arteries and positioned in the proximal and distal neck of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysms using fluoroscopy. After temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta by inflation of both the proximal and distal balloons, the evoked spinal potential was measured for 15 mins. A maximum amplitude during temporary balloon occlusion test decreasing by more than 20% of the pre-balloon occlusion level was considered to be significant, enough to not perform transluminally placed endoluminal prosthetic grafts, but instead an open repair. The test was applied in 12 cases (9 males and 3 females, 50-86 years old). All aneurysms were located between the Th6 and Th12 with a maximum diameter of 40-70 mm, and average of 56 mm. RESULTS: The changes in maximum amplitude of evoked spinal potential remained within 20% of the value before balloon occlusion in 11 cases. Transluminally placed endoluminal prosthetic grafts were performed in these 11 cases and no instance of paraplegia or other complication relating to the test was observed. Deployment of stent-grafts was successful in 10 cases (91%). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the preoperative measurement of evoked spinal potential during temporary balloon occlusion is clinically useful for the assessment of the risk to paraplegia occurring in transluminally placed endoluminal prosthetic grafts.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Paraplejía/prevención & control , Prótesis e Implantes , Stents , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Potenciales Evocados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Médula Espinal/fisiopatología
17.
Jpn J Antibiot ; 48(7): 887-920, 1995 Jul.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7563585

RESUMEN

These investigations have been continued since 1981. In this year the isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibiotics were investigated for 654 bacterial strains isolated from respiratory tract infections in 20 institutions during the period of October 1990 to September 1991. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from inpatients, many were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and the frequency of their isolation was 56.3% for inpatients and 4.3% for outpatients. Of the relation to antibiotic administration, the isolation frequency of MRSA before administration of antibiotics was 19.6% (10/51), and after administration was 75.0% (27/36). The sensitivities of S. aureus to imipenem and clindamycin (MIC80) decreased from 0.2 microgram/ml to 64 micrograms/ml and from 0.2 micrograms/ml to 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. We investigated year to year changes in the backgrounds of patients with respiratory tract infections. Bacterial pneumonia was 31.6% among respiratory tract infections in the period of the study, this trend has increase from 1989. Frequencies of different etiological bacteria in respiratory tract infections did not change appreciably from year to year, and S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most showing some frequent pathogens.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos
18.
Jpn J Antibiot ; 48(8): 965-98, 1995 Aug.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7474326

RESUMEN

Isolated bacteria from respiratory tract infections were collected since 1981 in cooperation with institutions located throughout Japan, and have been investigated for their sensitivities to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and reported by IKEMOTO, et al. Relationships between these isolates and backgrounds of the patients were also studied each year. These results are discussed in detail in this report. In 20 institutions around the entire Japan from October 1991 to September 1992, 631 strains of bacteria were isolated mainly from sputa of 529 patients with respiratory tract infections and tentatively determined to be etiological agents. MICs of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics against 96 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 112 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 111 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 114 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid), 41 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, 39 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid), Klebsiella pneumoniae and some others, were determined, and the drug sensitivities of these strains were determined except for the strains that had been killed during transportation: 1. S. aureus. S. aureus strains for which MICs of methicillin were higher than 4 micrograms/ml (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) accounted for 58.3% and the frequency of the drug resistant bacteria increased over previous year's 42.5%. As shown by the MICs, arbekacin was active as vancomycin against all the strains on S. aureus. 2. S. pneumoniae: Benzylpenicillin among the penicillins showed a potent activity against S. pneumoniae. Cefuzonam, cefmenoxime, cefozopran and cefotaxime among the cephems showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. pneumoniae. Imipenem; a penem antibiotic, showed the most potent activity with MIC80 of 0.03 micrograms/ml. 3. H. influenzae: Activities of all drugs were excellent against H. influenzae strains tested. Ampicillin showed MIC80 of 1 micrograms/ml against H. influenzae. Cefuzonam showed the most potent activity among cephems, it completely killed all bacteria at MIC 0.06 micrograms/ml. Cefotaxime and cefmenoxime showed next most potent activities with MIC80s of 0.06 micrograms/ml. The antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin was equivalent to those of cephems. 4. P. aeruginosa (mucoid). Ciprofloxacin and tobramycin showed the most potent activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), and their MIC80s were 4 micrograms/ml. 5. P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid): Similarly, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin showed the most potent activities against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid) with MIC80 of 2 micrograms/ml. Comparing to activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), all the drugs tested showed lower activities against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid). 6. K. pneumoniae: The activities of all drugs except for penicillins were very high against K. pneumoniae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos
19.
Jpn J Antibiot ; 49(5): 419-55, 1996 May.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8752860

RESUMEN

Bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout Japan, since 1981. IKEMOTO et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. Results obtained from these investigations are discussed. In 23 institutions around the entire Japan, 492 strains of presumably etiological bacteria were isolated mainly from the sputum of 421 patients with lower respiratory tract infections from October 1994 to September 1995. MICs of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics were determined against 70 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 101 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 61 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid strains), 25 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid strains), 48 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, 14 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae etc., and the drug susceptibilities of these strains were assessed except for those strains that died during transportation. 1. S. aureus. S. aureus strains for which MICs of oxacillin were higher than 4 micrograms/ml (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) accounted for 51.4%, but the frequency of the drug resistant bacteria decreased comparing to the previous year's 56.0%. Vancomycin showed the highest activity against S. aureus with MIC80 of 0.5 microgram/ml. 2. S. pneumoniae. Most of the drugs tested showed potent activities against S. pneumoniae. Imipenem of carbapenems showed the most potent activity with MIC80 was 0.063 microgram/ml. Erythromycin and clindamycin showed low activities with MIC80s > or = 256 micrograms/ml. Among these strains, however, 46.5% and 68.3% of strains, were quite sensitive toward these agents, respectively, with MICs of 0.063 microgram/ml. 3. H. influenzae. The activities of all drugs were potent against H. influenzae tested. Cefmenoxime a cephem, showed the most potent activity, the MICs of this drug against all of the 92 strains were 0.063 microgram/ml. Ofloxacin also showed a potent activity, and inhibited about 96% of strains with MIC of 0.063 microgram/ml. 4. P. aeruginosa (mucoid strains). Tobramycin showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid strains) with MIC80 of 0.5 microgram/ml. Gentamicin, arbekacin and ciprofloxacin showed next potent activities, and their MIC80s were 2 micrograms/ml. 5. P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid strains). Tobramycin showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid strains) with MIC80 of 2 micrograms/ml. Comparing to the activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid strains), the activities of all the drugs tested were lower against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid strains). 6. K. pneumoniae. Carumonam showed the most potent activity against K. pneumoniae with MIC80 of 0.063 microgram/ml. Cefozopran showed the next most potent activity with MIC80 of 0.125 microgram/ml. Ampicillin and cephems except cefpodoxime, cefozopran and cefditoren showed low activities and their MIC80s were > or = 16 micrograms/ml, and their MICs were all higher than > or = 4 micrograms/ml. 7. M. (B.) catarrhalis. Imipenem and ofloxacin showed the most potent activities against M. (B.) catarrhalis, their MIC80s were 0.063 microgram/ml. Erythromycin and minocycline showed the next highest activities with their MIC80s at 0.25 microgram/ml. Also, we investigated year to year changes in the background of patients, the respiratory infectious diseases, and the etiology of bacteria. Patients characteristics, in this period of investigation showed varieties of infectious diseases found in patients in a high age bracket, and the patients over age 60 accounted for 62.0% of all the cases. Different lower respiratory tract infectious were distributed as follows: chronic bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia accounted for the greatest number of cases with 35.6%, 27.1%, respectively, followed by


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Haemophilus influenzae/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Japón , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos
20.
Jpn J Antibiot ; 49(2): 107-43, 1996 Feb.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8721076

RESUMEN

Bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout Japan, since 1981, and the Ikemotor et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of the isolates of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and the relationships between the isolates and backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. We discuss the results in detail. In 20 institutions around the entire Japan from October 1993 to September 1994, 584 strains of bacteria were isolated mainly from sputa of 473 patients with respiratory tract infections and presumed to be the etiological agents. MICs of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics were determined against 91 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 98 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 122 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 91 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid), 34 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid), 42 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, 25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae etc., and the drug susceptibilities of these strains were measured except the strains which died during transportation. 1. S. aureus S. aureus strain sfor which MICs of methicillin was higher than 4 micrograms/ml (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) accounted for 56.0%, but this frequency of the drug resistant bacteria was lower than the previous year's 61.4%. Arbekacin and vancomycin showed the highest activities against MRSA and MIC80s were 1 microgram/ml. 2. S. pneumoniae Benzylpenicillin among the penicillins showed potent activities against S. pneumoniae. Cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime among the cephems showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. pneumoniae. Imipenem; carbapenems, showed the most potent activity, and MIC90 was 0.063 microgram/ml. 3. H. influenzae All the drugs tested were quite active against H. influenzae. Cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, cefuzonam and cefixime among the cephems showed the most potent activities, and MIC90 were 0.063 microgram/ml against H. influenzae. Ofloxacin also showed MIC90 of 0.063 microgram/ml. 4. P. aeruginosa (mucoid) Tobramycin showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), and MIC80 was 1 microgram/ml. Ceftazidime, cefsulodin, imipenem, aztreonam, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin showed potent activities with MIC80s of 2 micrograms/ml. 5. P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid) Tobramycin showed the highest activity against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid), and MIC80 was 1 microgram/ml, followed by ciprofloxacin with MIC80 of 2 micrograms/ml. Comparing to activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), all the drugs tested had relatively low activities against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid). 6. K. pneumoniae. The activities of all drugs except ampicillin and minocycline were high against K. pneumoniae. Cefozopran, imipenem and carumonam showed the highest activities and MIC80s were 0.125 microgram/ml. Flomoxef showed the next highest activities with an MIC80 of 0.25 microgram/ml. 7. M.(B.) catarrhalis Imipenem showed the most potent activity against M.(B.) catarrhalis, with an MIC80 of 0.063 microgram/ml, followed minocycline and ofloxacin with their MIC80s of 0.125 microgram/ml. We also investigated year to year changes in the background of patients, as well as types of respiratory infectious diseases, and the etiological agents. As for patients background, there were many infectious diseases found among patients a high age bracket, and the patients over age 60 accounted for 61.3% of the diseases. The distribution by respiratory tract infections was as follows: chronic bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia accounted for the greatest numbers of cases with 31.1% and 26.0%, respectively, followed by bronchiectasis with 10.4%. In this year chronic bronchitis under age 29 were 41.7%, thus was much higher than 12.5% in previous year. This marked change was first noted in your research during the recent 5 years. As for frequencies of etiologic bacteria by respiratory tract infections, S. pneumoniae (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Anciano , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad
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