Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Mimicking Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Thrombus.

A 72-year-old man presented with breathlessness and a systolic murmur. Extensive diagnostic work-up revealed a rare pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma mimicking a right ventricular outflow tract thrombus and impacting a cardiac pacemaker lead. Surgical resection, pathology confirmation, and management strategies are discussed, highlighting the challenges of treating this rare malignancy.

A Rare Case Report of Ruptured Cyst Presenting With Acute Meningitis in an Untreated Neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) rarely presents as acute meningitis; however, when it does, it is not distinguishable clinically from other more common infectious etiologies. Here, we report a case of NCC presenting as acute meningitis, which also highlights the importance of brain MRI imaging rather than CT where possible, the need to include MRI of the spine in patients with the subarachnoid disease, and the limitations of NCC antigen detection assay in cerebrospinal fluid when used in ventriculoperitoneal shunt specimens. A prolonged course of albendazole, praziquantel, and corticosteroids led to the resolution of our patient's NCC.

Discontinuation of Intermittent Hemodialysis in HIV-Associated Nephropathy Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection occurs due to the HIV virus. It results in an immunodeficient state and multi-organ system infections and malignancy known as AIDS. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common HIV kidney involvement and may present as acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD). HIVAN is a collapsing form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). HIVAN treatment options include antiretroviral therapy (ART), steroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB), and hemodialysis (HD). We herein describe the case of a 40-year-old patient with an established diagnosis of HIVAN who has had partial recovery of end-stage renal failure following the initiation of ART.

Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient.

Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by aerobic actinomycetes in the genus Nocardia. Nocardia can cause localized or systemic suppurative diseases involving eyes, kidneys, skin, lungs, bone, and central nervous system. Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare condition, seen among immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 55-year-old African American, kidney transplant male recipient on maintenance immunosuppression, who was diagnosed with cutaneous and pulmonary nocardiosis. Presenting symptoms were shortness of breath, and bilateral lower extremities pain and swelling. Tissue culture grew Gram-positive bacilli specified as Nocardia farcinica from thigh and gluteal abscesses. CT thorax showed bilateral reticulonodular opacities. The patient was managed with immunosuppression reduction and specific treatment with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in conjunction with linezolid. Combination antibiotics were continued for four weeks, and thereafter, TMP-SMX alone was continued for 12 months, at which point all lesions had healed. Nocardiosis with systemic involvement carries a poor prognosis. However, early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic coverage had a favorable outcome in a renal transplant recipient. Recommended treatment duration is 6 to 12 months.

Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Detecting Biventricular Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a rare variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a low prevalence in the general population. ApHCM with right ventricular involvement (BiApHCM) is largely unreported and may not be detected with conventional transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) alone. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has been demonstrated to be a proficient imaging modality to diagnose BiApHCM. We present a case of BiApHCM that was diagnosed with TTE and further characterized by CMR. This imaging modality may be utilized more in the future to help diagnose and detect the prevalence of BiApHCM.

Winning the Battle after Three Years of Suffering: A Case of a Refractory Pyoderma Gangrenosum Treatment Challenge.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon inflammatory disorder characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of the skin. It can present as skin papules or pustules that progress into painful ulcers. 30-40% of the cases are associated with other systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and proliferative hematological disorders. Uniquely, this condition has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The rarity of this disorder poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present a case of a 55-year-old female with a history of SLE and chronic right leg ulcer, presented with increased pain from the ulcer associated with a mild flare of her cutaneous lupus; examination revealed circumferential skin ulcer measuring about 25 cm extending around the right leg above the ankle with prominent fibrinous material and surrounding erythema. Blood work showed elevated WBC with neutrophilic predominance. Serology revealed a positive ANA, elevated RNP, smith, and SSA/Ro antibodies with normal anti-CCP level. Skin biopsy was taken, and it showed a diffuse neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate consistent with the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient was then treated with topical and systemic steroids and sequentially with dapsone, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and cyclosporine for over a two-year period but failed to show any improvement. Therefore, a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was attempted and produced a dramatic response after two-month infusions characterized by shrinking in the size of the ulcer and resolving pain. We believe that refractory PG poses a therapeutic challenge, and despite a lack of specific guidelines, IVIG can be attempted if initial suppressive treatment fails to show signs of improvement.

Prevalence, Length of Stay, and Hospitalization of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With and Without Sjogren's Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Literature on the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Sjogren's syndrome (SJS) is quite scanty. Acute kidney injury has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. OBJECTIVE: To examine the outcome of AKI with and without SJS. To achieve this, we examined the prevalence, mortality, outcomes, length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges in patients with AKI with SJS compared with patients without SJS from a National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database in the period 2010 to 2013. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using NIS. SETTING: United States. SAMPLE: Cohort of 97 055 weighted patient discharges with AKI from the NIS. MEASUREMENTS: Not applicable. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the NIS for adult patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of AKI between 2010 and 2013, using the respective International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. The study population divided into 2 groups, with and without Sjogren's disease. Multivariate and linear regression analysis conducted to adjust for covariates. We omitted patients with systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis from the analysis to avoid any discrepancy as they were not meant to be a primary outcome in our study. RESULTS: The study population represented 97 055 weighted patient discharges with AKI. Analysis revealed AKI patients with Sjogren's compared with patients without Sjogren's had statistically significant lower hyperkalemia rates (adjusted odds ratio: 0.65, confidence interval: 0.46-0.92; P = .017. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality, LOS, hospital charges, and other outcomes. LIMITATIONS: Study is not up to date as data are from ICD-9 which are testing data from 2010 to 2013, and data were obtained through SJS codes, which have their limitations. Also, limitations included lack of data on metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and not including all causes of AKI. CONCLUSIONS: At present, our study is unique as it has examined prevalence, mortality, and outcomes of Sjogren's in patients with AKI. Patients with Sjogren's had significantly lower hyperkalemia during the hospitalization. Further research is needed to identify the underlying protective mechanisms associated with Sjogren's that resulted in lower hyperkalemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

CONTEXTE: La documentation portant sur les issues de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) en présence du syndrome de Sjorden (SSJ) est assez peu abondante. L'IRA apparaît comme une cause importante de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients atteints de maladies auto-immunes telles que le lupus érythémateux systémique. OBJECTIFS: Examiner les issues de l'IRA avec ou sans SSJ. Pour ce faire, nous avons consulté la période entre 2010 et 2013 de la base de données National Inpatient Sample (NIS) pour comparer la prévalence, la mortalité, les issues, la durée des hospitalisations, et les frais d'hospitalisation chez des patients atteints d'IRA avec ou sans SSJ. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Une étude de cohorte rétrospective utilisant la NIS. CADRE: États-Unis. ÉCHANTILLON: Les congés pondérés de 97 055 patients atteints d'IRA tirés de la NIS. MESURES: Sans objet. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les codes diagnostic CIM-9 ont servi à l'extraction des données de la NIS pour les adultes admis avec un diagnostic primaire d'IRA entre 2010 et 2013. La population étudiée a été divisée en deux groupes: avec ou sans syndrome de Sjorden. Des analyses par régression linéaire et multivariée ont été conduites pour corriger les covariables. Pour éviter les disparités, les patients atteints de sclérose systémique et de polyarthrite rhumatoïde ont été exclus de l'analyse puisque ces affections ne devaient pas constituer un résultat principal de l'étude. RÉSULTATS: La population étudiée était constituée de 97 055 patients atteints d'IRA et ayant obtenu leur congé de l'hôpital. L'analyse a révélé que les patients atteints d'IRA et du SSJ présentaient des taux d'hyperkaliémie statistiquement plus faibles (rapport de cotes [RC] corrigé: 0,65; IC à 95 %: 0,46-0,92; p =0,017) que les patients sans SSJ. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les deux groupes en ce qui concerne la mortalité, la durée du séjour, les frais d'hospitalisation et les autres résultats. LIMITES: L'étude n'est pas à jour puisque les données sont tirées des codes CIM-9, soit sur des données de 2010 à 2013 obtenues par l'entremise des codes du SSJ, lesquels ont leurs propres limites. L'étude est également limitée par le manque de données sur l'acidose métabolique, l'hypokaliémie et par le fait qu'elle n'inclut pas toutes les causes d'IRA. CONCLUSION: À ce jour, notre étude est la seule qui ait examiné la prévalence, la mortalité et les issues du syndrome de Sjorgren chez les patients atteints d'IRA. Les patients atteints du syndrome de Sjogren ont présenté moins d'hyperkaliémie pendant leur hospitalisation. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour identifier les mécanismes sous-jacents, associés au syndrome de Sjogren, ayant entraîné moins d'hyperkaliémie. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'ESSAI: Sans objet.

Clinical Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Short-Term Outcomes and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched National Study.

INTRODUCTION: Takotsubo Syndrome (TS) patients are at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation. We sought to investigate the outcomes and economic impact of atrial fibrillation on TS patients utilizing the National Inpatient Sample. METHODS: Patients with TS were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2010 and 2014 using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), and subsequently were divided into two groups, those with and without atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital complications. We also evaluated the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to address potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Among the study population, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 17.57%. After matching, the atrial fibrillation group had no significant increase of in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.94-1.35, p = 0.211). However, atrial fibrillation patients were more likely to develop cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.26-1.80, p < 0.0001), have higher rate of major cardiac complications when combined as a single endpoint in-hospital complication (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04-1.29, p: 0.006), also they were more likely to stay longer in hospital (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.19, p < 0.0001), and have increased cost of hospitalization (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.20, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Atrial fibrillation does not increase in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with TS. However atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias, length of stay, non-routine discharges and cost of hospitalization.

The Impact of Hospital Teaching Status on Colonoscopy Perforation Risk: A National Inpatient Sample Study.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy has been widely used as a diagnostic tool for many conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy complications include perforation, hemorrhage, abdominal pain, as well as anesthesia risk. Although rare, perforation is the most dangerous complication that occurs in the immediate post-colonoscopy period with an estimated risk of less than 0.1%. Studies on colonoscopy perforation risk between teaching hospitals and non-teaching hospitals are scarce. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample database was queried for patients who underwent inpatient colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2014 in teaching versus non-teaching facilities in order to study their perforation rates. Our study population included 257,006 patients. Univariate regression was performed, and the positive results were analyzed using a multivariate regression module. RESULTS: Teaching hospitals had a higher risk of perforation (odds ratio 1.23, confidence interval 1.07 - 1.42, P = 0.004). Perforation rates were higher in females, patients with inflammatory bowel disease and dilatation of strictures. Polypectomy did not yield any statistical difference between the study groups. Other factors such as African-American ethnicity appeared to have a lower risk. CONCLUSION: Perforation rates are higher in teaching hospitals. More studies are needed to examine the difference and how to mitigate the risks.