[Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Diacyclops and Acanthocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from Lake Baikal].

Lake Baikal is inhabited by a relatively large number of cyclopid species, many of which are endemics. Two genera, Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927 and Acanthocyclops Kiefer, 1927, are the most specious in the lake. Taxonomic discrimination of the majority of representatives of these genera is difficult owing to their high morphological similarities and poor standard description. In this study, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lake Baikal members of the Diacyclops/Acanthocyclops group is performed on the basis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. It is shown that a fragment of COI 1000 bp long is sufficient for intragenus discrimination of the cyclopids of Lake Baikal. The issues of Diacyclops/Acanthocyclops taxonomy are reflected in the obtained molecular data. Two distinct phylogenetic groups of Diacyclops genus with uncertain taxonomic status are revealed.

DINAMICS OF KNEE JOINT SPACE ASYMMETRY ON X-RAY AS A MARKER OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS REHABILITATION EFFICACY.

Reducing of articular cartilage functional volume in knee joint osteoarthritis occurs unevenly and accompanied with pathological changes of lower limb axis as a result of connective tissue and muscle structures dysfunction. Evaluation of X-ray knee joint space asymmetry seems to be informative to analyze the dynamics of lower extremities biomechanical imbalances characteristic for knee joint osteoarthritis. However, standardized method of X-ray joint space determining does not include its symmetry calculation. The purpose of the study was optimization of knee joint radiological examination by developing of X-ray knee joint space asymmetry index calculation method. The proposed method was used for comparative analysis of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy efficacy in 30 patients with knee joint osteoarthritis of 2-3 degrees (Kellgren-Lawrence, 1957). As a result of the conducted treatment statistically significant decrease of the X-ray knee joint space asymmetry index was observed (Me(Q1;Q3): Z=5.20, p<0.001) and amounted as 0.22 (0.18;0.24) before treatment and 0.12 (0.10;0.14) after. Also, statistically significant (Z=5.10; p=0.00001) changes of load asymmetry on front and rear foot sections were observed by the results of podometric survey in comparative assessment before (Me(Q1;Q3)=24(12;30)) and after (Me(Q1;Q3)=6(4;30)) course therapy. 30% (n=9) of the patients evaluated the outcome of the treatment as "excellent" (1 point), 63% (n=19) - as "good" (2 points) and only 7% (n=2) - as "acceptable" (3 points) according to the Roles and Maudsley score. The listed above data was regarded as an X-ray positive dynamics comparable with clinical improvement. Thus, the X-ray knee joint space asymmetry index, calculated according to the proposed method, allows to evaluate dynamics of articular surfaces congruency changes and provide differentiated approach to the treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis.

[Features of the periodontal pathology at patients with metabolic syndrome].

The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis, as well as common pathogenetic processes underlying these diseases. The data of modern researches, devoted to the correlation of lesions of periodontal and systemic diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. In the article analyzed also the data of the original study of the interaction of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, which also used special methods of examination like Doppler ultrasound microcirculatory vasculature of the periodontal tissues and ultrasound densitometry. The possible methods of diagnostics of a condition of periodontal tissues in patients with metabolic syndrome are considered. Conclusions about the relationship of each component of metabolic syndrome with periodontitis are made.

[Genetic polymorphism, haplotype distribution, and phylogeny of Daphnia (Cladocera: Anomopoda) species from the water bodies of russia as inferred from the 16S mtDNA gene sequencing].

The data on the genetic polymorphism of the most widespread Daphnia species occupying different water bodies of Russia are presented. The phylogenetic relationships between the examined species were established, and the haplotype networks were constructed. A fragment of the 16S mitochondrial DNA gene was used as a genetic marker. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis generally coincided with modern concepts in the systematics of the genus Daphnia. The representatives of the divergent mitochondrial lineages within the D. longispina, D. pulex, and D. magna complex remain poorly investigated morphologically. For D. dentifera, a new habitat on the territory of Russia, namely, the water bodies of the Lake Baikal basin, was identified. A conclusion was made that the 16S mtDNA gene could be successfully used in phylogeographic analysis of the genus Daphnia.

[A simple and effective method for assessing chromatin diminution values in copepods using qPCR].

The value of chromatin diminution (CD) in different species of freshwater cyclopoid copepods can differ significantly. The biological and evolutionary roles of these differences remain unclear. To expand the knowledge on CD distribution and magnitude in this group of copepods, a quick method for its evaluation was required. This study proposes a simple approach for CD assessment in copepods using quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR). The magnitude of changes in the genome size was assessed by comparing fluorescence curves of qPCR fragments of target genes for pre- and post-diminution materials. The method was tested on four cyclopoid copepods species. In Cyclops kolensis, CD was assessed as 95.3 ± 1.2; in Acanthocyclops vernalis it was assessed at 94.6 ± 0.8%; at C. insignis, it was 82.3 ± 5.2%; and for the first time, CD was found in Megacyclops viridis at 91.1 ± 2.6%. The advantages of our approach are its rapidity, simplicity and minimal requirements of materials studied.

SHOCK-WAVE THERAPY APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (REVIEW).

The article presents literature review on the use of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in physiotherapeutic practice. The basic mechanisms of shock waves influence on the organism are spotlighted. Studies proving high efficacy of the method in treatment of wide variety of inflammatory diseases and traumatic genesis are presented. The data on comparative assessment of shock-wave therapy efficacy, and results of researches on possibility of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy effect potentiating in combination with other therapeutic methods are reflected. Recent years, the range of indications for shock-wave therapy application had been significantly widened. However, further study of the method is still relevant because mechanisms of action of the factor are studied insufficiently; methods of therapy parameters selection (energy flux density, number of pulses per treatment, duration of a course) are either advisory or empirical.

[Cytophotometric determination of genome size in two species of Cyclops Lake Baikal (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoina) in ontogenetic development].

Genome size of Cyclops in cells at early stages of cleavage (up to the 5th division) and in somatic cells were estimated by a static digital Feulgen cytophotometry in order to study the quantitative changes in DNA content during chromatin diminution. Our realization of the cytophotometric method was approbeted on five different digital-imaging systems in blood cells of four vertebrate species. In all cases, we observed a direct correlation of the obtained and known from the literature data on the genome size and a high reproducibility, which allows to use these systems in future work. We also optimized the conditions for DNA hydrolysis of both blood smears, and for two species of Cyclops from the Moscow population, as 30 min in 5 N HCl at 24 degrees C. Here we first revealed chromatin diminution in two endemic Baikal species of Cyclopoida: Acanthocyclops incolotaenia and Diacyclops galbinus estimated the extent ofchromatin diminution in Diacyclops galbinus as 95.5-96.2 %. Cytometric analysis of the third species, Mesocyclops leuckarti, did not reveal obvious chromatin diminution. We also optimized the conditions for DNA hydrolysis of both blood smear preparations, and for two species of copepods from the Moscow population, as 30 min in 5N HCl at 24 degrees C.

[DNA contents in nuclei of Cyclops kolensis and C. insignis (Crustacea, Copepoda)].

Chromatin diminution (CD) in two Cyclopoida species, Cyclops kolensis and C. insignis, was studied by static digital Feulgen cytophotometry. DNA content (pg/cell) was evaluated by standard curves builded up using blood cells of five organisms with known DNA content, which ranged from 1.25 to 14.70 pg. According to data obtained, diploid genome of C. kolensis has about 40 pg DNA before CD and 1.8-2.0 pg DNA after CD. These values are similar for both Moscow and Baikal populations of C. kolensis and 6-10 times exceed estimates made earlier (Grishanin, 2008), Our data confirm that CD in C. kolensis is 94-96% of DNA. In mitotic dividing cells of C. insignis, DNA content was about 7.5 pg both in early and late embryos, and CD was not revealed for this species. The data obtained show that, among Cyclopoida studied, the genome of C. kolensis before CD has a maximum content of DNA.

[Molecular-phylogenetic analysis of cyclopoids (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from Lake Baikal and its water catchment basin].

Baikalian cyclopoids represent one of the richest endemic faunas of freshwater cyclopoid copepods. The genus Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927 is the most numerous by species number in the lake. In this work, molecular-phylogenetic analysis of 14 species and 1 sub-species from Lake Baikal and its water catchment basin is performed. The regions of mitochondrial cytochrom-oxydase I (COI) and of nuclear small-subunit 18S rRNA were used as evolution markers. In the obtained set of nucleotide sequences of COT gene, an effect of synonymous substitution saturation is revealed. Baikalian representatives of the genus Diacyclops form at phylogenetic schemes by two markers a monophyletic griup, it suggest their origin from a common ancestral form. Preliminary estimate of the age of this group is 20-25 My.

[The composition of the peripheral blood in white mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis]. / Sostav perifericheskoi krovi u belykh myshei, zarazhennykh Trichinella spiralis i Trichinella pseudospiralis.

The study of the peripheral blood response in mice with an experimental T. spiralis infection from the 1 to the 60 days of the latter showed leucocytosis, lymphomonocytosis and neutropenia maximal at the 21--35 days of the infection along with hyperthrombocytosis and ESR elevation, with the subsequent declination up to the end of the supervision. In experimental P. pseudospiralis infection lymphomonocytosis and ESR levels were comparatively lower but eosinophilia was significantly higher.