RESUMEN
A study of 69 normal males, aged 20 to 54 years and running increased risks of arterial hypertension, demonstrated vascular hyper-reactivity to humoral vasoconstrictors, weakened gustatory sensitivity to salt and a tendency to sodium deposition in tissues, which were induced by increased salt uptake. Their plasma aldosterone levels were increased in the presence of salt loading and showed correlation to the degree of tissue sodium metabolism slow-down. No intergroup variation was demonstrated in diurnal sodium excretion, total metabolizing sodium in the body and natriuretic response to acute salt loads.
Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertensión/etiología , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The amplitude of vascular reactions to maximum doses of pressor agents was found to be higher in individuals with a high concentration of aldosterone in blood. From the results of salt load tests (400 mEq of sodium chloride daily) and the discovered positive correlation between the blood aldosterone concentration and the parameters of vascular reactivity, it is concluded that endogenous aldosterone contributes to the regulation of vascular reactivity. The authors believe that this regulatory mechanism is important in the reaction of arterial pressure to the intake of salt: in individuals with initially high blood aldosterone concentration, vascular reactivity and arterial pressure increase after the intake of salt, while in the other healthy individuals arterial pressure does not change.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Salud , Mineralocorticoides/fisiología , Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Aldosterona/sangre , Angiotensina II/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Hipertensión/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The examination of 140 normal individuals with a family history of essential hypertension (FHEH) showed a number of differences in their cardiovascular and renin-aldosterone responses as compared to 170 normal subjects of the control group. Two years later the results were analyzed once again with regard to blood pressure changes. It turned out that subjects with a FHEH and an unfavourable pattern of blood pressure changes over two years exhibited elevated response of cutaneous vessels to angiotensin and noradrenaline, a higher threshold of gustatory sensitivity to salt and an increased BP response to psychoemotional stress already during the first examination. It is concluded that the most informative markers of the prehypertension state among the genetically determined features characteristic of healthy individuals with a FHEH are changes in sodium metabolism and regulation which are responsible for the development of vascular hyperactivity.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea , Hipertensión/genética , Cloruro de Sodio , Adulto , Aldosterona/sangre , Angiotensina II , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina , Renina/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Umbral GustativoRESUMEN
A method developed by the authors is described that consists in a quantitative test for the evaluation of the reactivity of the microvessels judging by the degree of changes in the resorption speed of isotopes from a tissue depot. In patients with essential hypertension an increased vascular reactivity was revealed with reference to angiotensin, noradrenalin and serotonin, as well as an increased duration of the effect of angiotensin. The highest vascular reactivity was noted in patients with stage II hypertension who have retained a hyperkinetic type of circulation.
Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/farmacología , Capilares/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Serotonina/farmacología , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Métodos , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Radioisótopos de SodioRESUMEN
A total of 45 patients aged 35 to 73 years who had sustained acute myocardial infarction (MI) were studied in a special cardiological unit. On days 1, 5, 14, 28 of hospital stay, each patient underwent measurements of cortisol, insulin, T3 and T4 and calculations of the mathematical clinic severity index after G.I. Marchuk et al. In acute MI, there were elevated plasma levels of cortisol depending on the MI severity with a small repeated peak of its increase on day 14 and its subsequent decrease, except deaths. In severe acute MI there were impairments of reciprocal cortisol/insulin ratios. This was particularly pronounced in patients with lethal outcomes. By the end of hospital rehabilitation, patients with acute MI displayed lower levels of thyroidal hormones. The maximum decrease in T3 and T4 was found in patients with lethal outcomes. There was a direct correlation between the mathematical clinical severity index of the natural history of acute MI and the levels of cortisole triidothyronine at the hospital stage of observation. In the course of the study it was found that the Marchuk clinical severity index serves as an informative severity index of MI course whose determination in its acute period allows one to predict the course of acute MI and to choose a differential therapy of and to make a diagnosis of possible complications.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/etiología , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Sistemas Neurosecretores , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/sangre , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The parameters of vascular responsiveness to vasopressors and vasodilators and the clinical severity index were determined in 45 patients with various acute myocardial infarction (AMI) extents in the hospital period. In a group of patients with small AMI foci, the responsiveness to vasopressors normalized on day 14 with normal parameters to vasodilators throughout the study. The mean clinical severe index was the highest. In a group of patients with gross and transmural AMI there was a high responsiveness to norepinephrine in the whole hospital period and a high clinical severity index. Patients with fatal AMI outcomes showed an extremely low responsiveness to norepinephrine in the whole hospital period and a low abnormal response to histamine. The clinical severity index corresponded to the most grave course leading to an unpredictable outcome without any trends to decrease.
Asunto(s)
Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Histamina/farmacología , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Adulto , Vasos Sanguíneos/fisiopatología , Depresión Química , Histamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Norepinefrina/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estimulación QuímicaRESUMEN
Increased vascular reactivity to noradrenaline was revealed in patients with Stages I and II hypertensive disease; the reaction to the sympathomimetic agent of indirect action ephedrine remained at the control level. A salt load increased the discrepancy between the level of the reactions to these two agents. It is suggested that processes of catecholamine storage and excretion in the tissues are disturbed in hypertensive disease and that sodium ions probably take part in this process. The daily excretion of noradrenaline was in negative relation with the reactivity to noradrenaline and correlated positively with the reactivity to angiotensin.
Asunto(s)
Catecolaminas/orina , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Resistencia Vascular , Adulto , Angiotensina II , Efedrina , Humanos , Hipertensión/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Aldosterone concentration in peripheral plasma (radioimmune assay) and vascular reactivity (by an original tracer method) were determined in 50 patients with essential hypertension of stages I and II and in 25 healthy males. Aldosterone concentration proved to be elevated in half the patients, mostly in those with stage II of the disease. Vascular reactivity in these patients was increased and the two parameters were in good correlation. In the other group the aldosterone level and vascular reactivity were normal and there was no correlation between these two parameters. It is concluded that in some patients with essential hypertension aldosterone plays a pathogenetic role by increasing vascular reactivity.
Asunto(s)
Aldosterona/sangre , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Sistema Vasomotor/fisiopatología , Adulto , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Serotonina/farmacología , Piel/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
The method of cluster analysis was used for automatic classification of patients with the labile stage of hypertensive disease according to 15 parameters reflecting the condition of hemodynamics and its regulation. Two groups differing in the principal factors of high arterial pressure maintenance were distinguished. Clinical and physiological analysis of the distinguished groups was conducted on the basis of the furosemide test.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico por Computador , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina/orina , Resistencia VascularRESUMEN
A total of 25 healthy individuals and 48 borderline hypertensives aged 22-56 years were examined. The healthy subjects having a salt load showed elevated blood histamine concentrations and an unchanged vascular response to histamine, and reduced plasma renin activity. The patients having a salt load displayed high histamine levels, sharply decreased vascular response to histamine, and undepressed plasma renin activity. It is concluded that the pressor mechanisms responsible for controlling vascular tone are more active than the depressor ones during the salt load in patients with borderline hypertension. The humoral response of the patients to a salt load was impaired with elevated plasma cortisol concentrations, which was not followed by sodium retention in the body.
Asunto(s)
Histamina/sangre , Hipertensión/sangre , Renina/sangre , Sodio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , VasoconstricciónRESUMEN
Changes in skin vascular responsiveness (VR) to six vasoactive agents were examined in 25 patients with myocardial infarction during its acute period. In small myocardial infarction, there was a synchronous increase in all VR types on days 1-7 followed by its normalization on day 14. VR synchronization was also observed in transmural myocardial infarction, yet increased VR to vasoconstrictive agents such as noradrenaline, adrenaline, and angiotensin II remained until the end of the fourth week without showing a tendency to normalization. Abnormal VR was seen in the most severe fatal cases. The synchronous and cyclic VR changes observed in myocardial infarction were absent in patients with unstable angina that did not result in myocardial infarction.
Asunto(s)
Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Vasoconstrictores/farmacología , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Angiotensina II/uso terapéutico , Epinefrina/farmacología , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Norepinefrina/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Factores de Tiempo , Vasoconstrictores/uso terapéutico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Angiotensin II added in vitro in concentration 3-10(-10) M increased the sodium release from the aorta wall, myocardium, and skin in the rat. The action persisted at 2 degrees C and in presence of monoiodacetate. Sodium loading increased the sensitivity of aorta to the action of the angiotensin. The angiotensin-induced sodium release seems to be a step towards the myotropic action of the peptide.
Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/farmacología , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Sodio/metabolismo , Animales , Aorta/metabolismo , Femenino , Miocardio/metabolismo , Ratas , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
The sodium deposing function of the skin in Wistar albino rats under conditions of different salt loads were studied. 6 mEq NaCl per os was followed by an increase in sodium content of the skin on account of the exchangeable fraction. The diet with high content of sodium (15 mEq a day during 30 days) led to saturation of the skin storage structures, the blood sodium concentration after a single salt load increasing sharply. The storage of sodium in the skin is, evidently, carried out with the aid of the cation by glycosamino--glycans. The increase in exchangeable sodium of the skin under the condition of highsodium regimen is, evidently, due to an increase in sulphated GAG.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Sodio/fisiología , Animales , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Ratas , Piel/metabolismo , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris do not demonstrate circadian time organization of myoglobin concentration rhythms. The predominance of ultraradian and infraradian neorhthmostasis is typical of such patients. Determination of myoglobin concentration rhythms in the given patients' group may be helpful in the measurement of the size of the focus of necrosis and prediction of the course and outcome of the diseases under consideration.
Asunto(s)
Angina Inestable/sangre , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Mioglobina/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radioinmunoensayo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors describe a case of a giant cyst of the right kidney (10 x 10 x 11 cm). The diagnosis was made with the aid of the current method of tomographic diagnosis--NMR tomography. It has been shown that information provided by the method supplements in many respects the data obtained by conventional methods of examination--radionuclide scanning, ultrasound studies, excretory urography and so forth. The merits and shortcomings of NMR tomography are provided. Differential diagnosis of cystic derangement of the kidneys carried out with the aid of NMR tomography is reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Riñón/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , MasculinoRESUMEN
A representative sample of native Selkup population (161 males and 237 females) aged 20-69 from the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation was examined for blood lipids using standard techniques. Measurement of mean cholesterol in males and females showed it to be 181.2 +/- 9.4 mg/dl and 188.2 +/- 8.5 mg/dl, respectively, that of low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins made up 112.0 +/- 9.7 mg/dl and 50.3 +/- 3.9 mg/dl for males and 118.4 +/- 9.0 mg/dl, 51.7 +/- 3.4 mg/dl, for females, respectively. Mean triglycerides concentration amounted to 86.1 +/- 7.0 in males against 87.4 +/- 6.7 mg/dl in females. Overall atherogenic index averaged 2.9 +/- 0.3. The findings evidence that northern Selkups (both males and females) have much lower content of blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than control populations from Novosibirsk and Moscow.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad , Lípidos/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Envejecimiento/sangre , Niño , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Caracteres Sexuales , SiberiaRESUMEN
Altogether 226 male probands who suffered large-focal or transmural myocardial infarction (MI) before reaching 50 years were examined in Novosibirsk and Bishkek in one stage according to the unified program. In Novosibirsk all the probands were Russians whereas in Bishkek 75 probands were Kirghizs and 71 were Russians. The probands were examined within a period of 1 to 3 years after MI. The lipid and lipoprotein plasma content was determined by standardized methods on a Tekhnikon AAP autoanalyzer. The content of thyroid hormones, insulin and cortisol was measured by means of RIA-kits and that of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) by radial immunodiffusion. It turned out that the patients from Novosibirsk demonstrated the highest content of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest index of atherogenicity, the highest concentration of ApoB, and hyperinsulinemia. In the probands of both nationalities from Bishkek, the lipid spectrum did not differ substantially from the populational norm, the content of ApoB in the Russian probands was slightly lower than in those from Novosibirsk whereas in Kirghizs, the least content of thyroxin was recorded.
Asunto(s)
Hidrocortisona/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Población Urbana , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Kirguistán/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/etnología , Sistema de Registros , Siberia/epidemiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Macrofocal or transmural myocardial infarction at the age under 50 in probands served the criterion for selection of 136 families in Bishkek and Novosibirsk (66 Kirghiz and 70 Russian families, respectively). Main risk factors in probands and their families were determined according to WHO methodological recommendations. Essential hypertension was more prevalent in probands and their families in Bishkek, while hypercholesterolemia was more common in Novosibirsk families. Smoking was documented in Bishkek and Novosibirsk probands in equal proportions, though there were more smokers among probands' sons in Bishkek. Overweight occurred with equal frequency in probands' wives and daughters in both cities, but in probands and their sons in Novosibirsk this risk factor appeared more prevalent. Novosibirsk cases of reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol and triiodothyronine, elevated concentrations of apolipoprotein B and immunoreactive insulin outnumbered those in Bishkek.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio/etnología , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Arteriosclerosis/etnología , Arteriosclerosis/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Kirguistán/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Patients with macrofocal and transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are reported to have statistically significant rhythms of cortisol secretion though there are cases of dysrhythmia. Circadian rhythms of cortisol secretion are typical for relatively light AMI course while a severe clinical run gives rise to dysrhythmia in the form of infradian neorhythmostasis or dysrhythmostasis of cortisol activity.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Ritmo Circadiano , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/sangreRESUMEN
The authors discuss the results of a MR tomographic examination in 12 patients with ischemic apoplexy who underwent operation for the formation of an extra-intracranial microanastomosis. It is shown that MR tomography is a valuable diagnostic method which allows visualization of the ischemic foci. It is proved that in combination with CT it yields valuable information for determining the indications for revascularization of foci of ischemia in the brain.