[Medical irradiation and health. Communication 1. Health of the stuff of X-ray rooms].

The analysis of primary and general morbidity revealed at annual inspection within 20 years of workers of X-ray rooms in St. Petersburg and for control--the group of medical workers not connected with radiation was carried out. It is shown that work of radiologists is considerably connected with alarm for the health at radiating influence. Radio uneasiness doesn't decrease with increase in length of service, but, on the contrary, accrues. Increase of primary and general morbidity in workers of x-ray offices is revealed.

[Immunity and health: the accelerated aging of immune system in veterans of extra risk divisions].

This article presents the data about state of health and immunity in veterans of extra risk divisions. The increased morbidity and immunity infringement in the remote terms after nuclear tests, and also while liquidation of consequences of radiating failures on nuclear submarines are shown. Changes of humoral factors of nonspecific protection, concentration of immunoglobulinums, in blood whey, a sensitization of lymphocytes to respiratory viruses, humoral and cellular autoimmune shifts are registered. Some of the revealed changes (complement, lysozyme, concentration of immunoglobulinums) are a consequence of advanced age and accompanying diseases in the people surveyed, and others (autoimmune shifts, a sensitization to respiratory viruses) can be connected with carrying out of tests of the nuclear weapon. Some of immunological changes are apparently a consequence of joined actions of radiating and not radiating factors. Among the last ones stress plays the essential role. For the characteristic of a state of health in 20-40 years after carrying out nuclear tests and possible radiating influence the estimation of autoimmune changes has a great value. The important role of such changes in morbidity of veterans of extra risk divisions is shown.

[Stress-immunity-health (problem of premature aging in veterans of special risk subdivisions)].

The posttraumatic stress with neurotic and somatic manifestation and the precocious aging was shown in the veterans of special risk subdivisions. The early atherosclerotic involvement of heart vessels, brain, legs etc. was revealed. A significant role in the precocious aging and atherosclerosis of vessels play immune changes: the combination of immunodepressive and autoaggressive states revealed in the veterans.

[Accelerated aging of immune system of the veterans of special risk subdivisions].

Long far after nuclear weapons tests the veterans of special risk subdivisions (SRS) had changes of humoral factors of nonspecific protection, concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum, lymphocytes sensibleness to respiratory viruses, humoral and cellular autoimmune displacements, raise of turmonecrotic factor content. Some of the revealed changes (complement, lysocim, concentration of immunoglobulins) are bound up with elderly age of examined people and their diseases. The other changes (autoimmune displacements, sensibleness to respiratory viruses) can be bound up with nuclear weapons tests. Some immunology changes occur because of radiation and non-radiation factors, a nervous shock being among them. Estimate of autoimmune changes is important for the health characteristic 20-40 years after nuclear tests and possible radiation influence. The role of such changes is significant in a sick rate of the veterans of special risk subdivisions.

[The role of immunological changes in diseases in regions contaminated by radionuclides after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / O roli immunologicheskikh izmenenii pri nekotorykh zabolevaniiakh v raionakh, zagriaznennykh radionuklidami posle avarii na ChAES.

Autoimmune deviations, both humoral and cellular, related to antigens of thyroid gland, microsomes and thyroglobulin, were observed in residents of controlled districts of Bryansk and Tula regions of Russia. The importance of these deviations at hyperplasia of thyroid gland was demonstrated. In formation of cataracts under chronic influence of low doses of ionizing radiation the humoral autoimmune mechanisms are active but not the cellular ones. The increased content of antibodies against the antigens of crystalline lens found in the residents of the controlled regions shows the possibility to develop initial manifestations of cataract under the effect of low radiation doses.

[Effect of immunization on the radioresistance of mice to the action of 90Sr]. / Vliianie immunizatsii na radiorezistentnost' myshei pri deistvii 90Sr.

The preliminary immunization with heated Proteus vulgaris culture introduced in a single injection was found to have a positive influence on the resistance of white mice to radiation emitted by incorporated 90Sr. This effect was manifested by an increase in the survival rate and the mean survival time of the animals, as well as by their increased physical endurance, and the stimulation of recovery process in the spleen.

[Immunological studies on cataracts under conditions of exposure to low-dose radiation]. / Immunologicheskie issledovaniia pri kataraktakh v usloviiakh deistviia malykh doz ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

Immunopathological changes were studied in cataract patients chronically exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation occupationally or as a result of living in districts polluted with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. No cellular autoimmune shifts were detected in the examinees; humoral autoimmune changes in respect of different ocular antigens were revealed. Low-dose ionizing radiation was conducive to the formation of thermostable complement-fixing antibodies to lens tissues. One of the causes of the production of such antibodies were disorders in the helper-suppressor relationships of T-lymphocytes. The studies confirm the hypothesis on the possibility of cataract development as a result of low-dose exposure.

[The role of immunological mechanisms in the development of the late sequelae of nuclear disasters]. / O roli immunologicheskikh mekhanizmov v razvitii otdalennykh posledstvii iadernykh katastrof.

Effects, both specific and non-specific, were analysed of ionizing radiation in a comparative evaluation of medical sequels of the Chernobyl disaster and of the Semipalatinsk Range nuclear test. A hypothesis is advanced assuming that development of all major bodily morbid conditions is directly related to the dysfunction of certain complex of organs, the thyroid gland in the first place, the thymus gland known to be a central organ of systemic immunogenesis. A breach in the thymus link triggers harmful cascade reactions of neuroimmunoendocrinological regulation, appeared to be responsible for the pathogenesis of practically all pathologies disclosed.

[Immunity after exposure to radiation]. / Sostoianie immuniteta pri radiatsionnykh vozdeistviiakh.

The results of proper investigations and literature data obtained while studying the effect of single general radiation, radioisotopes of iodine, strontium and cesium on experimental animals are presented. The data thus obtained enable one to form a pattern of radiation-induced injuries within the nearest and remote period of time following radiation accident. Impairments of nonspecific humoral and cell protection T- and B-immunity systems and the onset of autosensitization are of great significance for the nearest (infection) and late radiation effects (malignant neoplasms, cataracts, aging, disorders of the reproductive function) and should be taken into account in hygienic assessment of potential health variations and shaping of preventive activities.