Genetic risk classification for adults with AML receiving less-intensive therapies: the 2024 ELN recommendations.

The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) genetic risk classifications were developed based on data from younger adults receiving intensive chemotherapy. Emerging analyses from patients receiving less-intensive therapies prompted a proposal for an ELN genetic risk classification specifically for this patient population.

Severity and organ distribution of graft-versus-host disease with post-transplant cyclophosphamide versus calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus in allogenic HLA-matched or single-allele mismatched stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective single center study aims to describe changes in the severity and organ-specific distribution of GvHD, by comparing the outcomes of 3 distinct GvHD prophylaxis approaches. METHODS: Between January 2012 and June 2022, 226 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched or 1-allele mismatched related or unrelated donors. Fifty-eight (26%) received prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitor in combination with mycophenolate mofetil or a short course of methotrexate (Cohort-1), 87 (38%) tacrolimus plus sirolimus (Cohort-2), and 81 (36%) post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) plus tacrolimus (Cohort-3). RESULTS: The incidence of grade II-IV aGvHD was 69% vs. 41.4% vs. 27.2%; p < .01. The most significant reduction with PTCy was observed in both stage 3-4 skin and lower gastrointestinal (GI) involvement (p < .01). The incidence of moderate-to-severe cGvHD at 12 months was 34.5% vs. 34.5% vs. 6.2%; p < .01. Moderate-to-severe skin and GI cGvHD was less common after PTCy (p < .01). The 1-year GvHD-free/relapse-free survival was higher with PTCy (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that PTCy-based GvHD prophylaxis reduces the frequency and severity of both acute and chronic GvHD, with a notable decrease in severe GI and cutaneous manifestations. The higher GRFS may result in lower GvHD-related mortality, leading to an improved quality of life among survivors.

3D-DXA Based Finite Element Modelling for Femur Strength Prediction: Evaluation Against QCT.

Osteoporosis is characterised by the loss of bone density resulting in an increased risk of fragility fractures. The clinical gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is based on the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) used as a surrogate for bone strength, in combination with clinical risk factors. Finite element (FE) analyses based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT) have been shown to estimate bone strength better than aBMD. However, their application in the osteoporosis clinics is limited due to exposure of patients to increased X-rays radiation dose. Statistical modelling methods (3D-DXA) enabling the estimation of 3D femur shape and volumetric bone density from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan have been shown to improve osteoporosis management. The current study used 3D-DXA based FE analyses to estimate femur strength from the routine clinical DXA scans and compared its results against 151 QCT based FE analyses, in a clinical cohort of 157 subjects. The linear regression between the femur strength predicted by QCT-FE and 3D-DXA-FE models correlated highly (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.86) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 397 N. In conclusion, the current study presented a 3D-DXA-FE modelling tool providing accurate femur strength estimates noninvasively, compared to QCT-FE models.

The Expression of Toll-like Receptors (TLR7 and TLR9) in Class III and Class IV of Recently Diagnosed Lupus Nephritis with 12-Month Follow-Up.

Renal involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study included patients with recently diagnosed Class III and Class IV lupus nephritis (LN) treated by Rheumatology who, upon the detection of alterations in their kidney function, were referred to Nephrology for the joint management of both medical specialties. The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 in healthy control (HC) subjects and newly diagnosed Class III and Class IV LN patients with 12-month follow-ups. The plasma expression of TLR7 and TLR9 proteins was determined by the ELISA method. A significant increase in the expression of TLR7 protein was found in Class III LN in the basal determination compared to the expression in the HC (p = 0.002) and at 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.03) vs. HC. The expression of TLR9 showed a behavior opposite to that of TLR7. TLR9 showed decreased protein expression in LN Class III patients' baseline and final measurements. The result was similar in the basal and final determinations of LN Class IV compared to the expression in HC. A significant decrease in SLEDAI -2K was observed at 12 months of follow-up in patients in Class III (p = 0.01) and Class IV (p = 0.0001) of LN. Complement C3 levels improved significantly at 12-month follow-up in Class IV patients (p = 0.0001). Complement C4 levels decreased significantly at 12-month follow-up in LN Class III compared to baseline (p = 0.01). Anti-DNA antibodies decreased significantly at 12 months of follow-up in Class IV LN (p = 0.01). A significant increase in proteinuria was found at 12 months of follow-up in Class III LN, compared to the baseline determination (p = 0.02). In LN Class IV, proteinuria decreased at 12 months of follow-up compared to baseline (p = 0.0001). Albuminuria decreased at 12 months of follow-up in LN Class IV (p = 0.006). Class IV LN, albuminuria also decreased at 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.009). Hematuria persisted in all patients and the glomerular filtration rate did not change. Three Class IV patients died before 12 months of follow-up from various causes. In conclusion, although the rheumatologic data appeared to improve, the renal function data remained inconsistent. Decreased expression of TLR9 and increased expression of TLR7 could be useful in the early diagnosis of Class III and Class IV LN is correct.

Pregnancy outcome in a patient with end-stage kidney disease treated with an intensive automated peritoneal dialysis regimen: A case report.

Pregnant women with end-stage kidney disease who undergo peritoneal dialysis have lower pregnancy rates and higher obstetric risk than their peers undergoing hemodialysis. Although there has been some improvement in pregnancy rates and outcomes due to the intensification of dialysis prescriptions, there is currently a lack of guidelines for optimizing peritoneal dialysis regimens for pregnant women with end-stage kidney disease. Besides, there is limited data available regarding pregnancy outcomes in women with end-stage kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis. We report the case of a 23-year-old Hispanic woman with end-stage kidney disease caused by focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. She became pregnant while undergoing successful treatment with an intensified automated peritoneal dialysis regimen. The patient gave birth to a live female preterm infant weighing 938 g during the 28th week of her pregnancy. The baby required neonatal intensive care due to prematurity, extremely low birth weight, and respiratory distress syndrome.

Phenotypes of Mineral Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease in a Dialysis Population.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is associated with clinical outcomes. It is necessary to identify the phenotype to make clinical decisions that optimize resources and follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of the CKD-MBD phenotype in dialysis patients and the associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 440 patients, evaluated for CKD-MBD. Phenotypes show frequency of high, low or on target levels of PTH, vitamin D and phosphorus. The most common phenotype was used for comparisons. RESULTS: Age was 37.5 ± 15.8 years, 53% male, 28% were diabetic, 60% on peritoneal dialysis (PD), dialysis vintage was 12.0 months (IQR 3.0-34.3). High PTH was 58%, low vitamin D 82%, high phosphorus 39%, low calcium 50%, and vascular calcification 55%. The combination of high PTH and low vitamin D and high on-target phosphorus was 39%. Those with high PTH and low vitamin D were more likely to use PD (71 vs 51%; p <0.0001), had higher lipids: total cholesterol (159 vs. 152; p = 0.002) and triglycerides (137 vs. 123; p = 0.02), higher potassium (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 4.9 ± 0.9 mg/dL; p = 0.04), and higher serum creatinine (11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL; p = 0.01). Predictors of the most common phenotypes were PD use, total cholesterol, and serum creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third (38%) of our sample of patients had high PTH and low vitamin D with either high or normal phosphorus. Patients with these phenotypes more frequently used PD, had higher lipids and low potassium. PD use, total cholesterol and serum creatinine were significantly associated with these phenotypes.

The Inflammatory and Oxidative Status of Newly Diagnosed Class III and Class IV Lupus Nephritis, with Six-Month Follow-Up.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most frequent and severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A prospective cohort with a six-month follow-up was performed. Twelve SLE patients diagnosed with LN Class III, twelve NL Class IV patients, and twelve healthy control subjects (HC) were included. SLE data, renal function, oxidants, antioxidants, and inflammation were determined at baseline and six-month follow-up. During the six-month follow-up, the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) decreased in both LN Class III (20.08 ± 6.92 vs. 11.92 ± 5.87, p < 0.001) and LN Class IV (25.33 ± 6.01 vs. 13.83 ± 5.52, p < 0.001) patients. Furthermore, the values of the C4 component also increased during follow-up for LN Class III (25.36 ± 6.34 vs. 30.91 ± 9.22, p = 0.027) and LN Class IV (12.18 ± 3.90 vs. 20.33 ± 8.95, p = 0.008) groups. Regarding inflammation markers, both groups presented decreased C-reactive protein (CRP), but this was only significant for patients with LN class III (7.93 ± 1.77 vs. 4.72 ± 3.23, p = 0.006). Renal function remained stable in both groups, with no changes in eGFR. Patients with LN Class III and Class IV showed higher baseline levels for lipoperoxides (Class III p < 0.01, Class IV p < 0.1) and carbonyl groups in proteins (Class III p < 0.01, Class IV p < 0.1) compared to HC. Moreover, both groups presented lower baseline values of total antioxidant capacity (Class III p < 0.01, Class IV p < 0.1) and catalase (Class III p < 0.01, Class IV p < 0.1) compared to HCs. However, antioxidant and oxidant markers did not show significant differences between baseline values and at six months for either of the two study groups. In conclusion, patients show an imbalance in the oxidative state characterized by the increase in the oxidants LPO and protein carbonyl groups and the decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes TAC and CAT compared to HC. However, the patients did not present an increase in disease activity and renal function improvement. The glomerular filtration rate did not change during the length of the study, and SLEDAI -2K, C3, and C4 improved. The early co-management between Rheumatologists and Nephrologists is essential to prevent the rapid progression of LN. It would be interesting to administer antioxidant supplements to patients with a recent diagnosis of LN and evaluate its effect in a follow-up study.

Procalcitonina sérica como marcador de la función del injerto en el postrasplante renal inmediato

Contexto la procalcitonina (PCT) podría ser útil en la evaluación de la función del injerto renal (IR) en el postrasplante inmediato, ya que sus niveles se incrementan posterior a la elevación de citocinas inflamatorias (IL-6, TNF-ß) durante eventos de disfunción renal. Objetivo determinar la asociación de la PCT sérica con la función del injerto renal en el periodo postrasplante inmediato. Metodología cohorte retrospectiva de septiembre del 2018 a abril del 2019 en la División de Nefrología y Trasplantes, del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se incluyeron 62 receptores de trasplante renal de donante vivo (DV) y fallecido (DF) con determinación de PCT antes del séptimo día del TR y el registro de eventos de disfunción temprana del injerto (DTI), comparados con pacientes sin DTI (sDTI). Resultados los receptores con DTI presentaron niveles más altos de PCT (13,90, 3,90, 1,22 ng/mL) comparado con el grupo sin DTI (0,32, 0,31 y 0,22 ng/ml) en los días 1, 3 y 5 respectivamente; p < 0,05. Conclusiones la PCT es un marcador biológico asociado a DTI en el postrasplante renal inmediato.

Background Procalcitonin (PCT) could be useful for evaluation of the renal allograft (RG) in the immediate post-transplant since its levels increase after elevation of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-ß) during events of renal failure. Purpose Our objective was to determine the association of serum PCT with the function of the RG in the immediate post-transplant. Methodology A retrospective cohort from September 2018- April 2019 in the National Western Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), was performed. Sixty-two recipients of living donor (LD) and deceased donor (DD) renal transplant (RT) with PCT evaluation before the seventh days of RT were included; and, events of early renal allograft failure (EAF) were recorded and compared to patients no EAF (nEAF). Results The recipients with EAF presented with higher PCT levels (13.90, 3.90, 1.22 ng/mL) compared to the nEAF group (0.32, 0.31, and 0.22 ng/ml) on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions The PCT is a biological marker associated with EAF in the immediate post-transplant.

Descripción del posicionamiento de una copa monobloque no cementada en el posoperatorio inmediato / Description of uncemented monobloc cup positioning in the immediate postoperative period

Introducción El posicionamiento adecuado de la copa acetabular en el reemplazo total de cadera (RTC) puede mejorar la función, reducir el desgaste, el pinzamiento y la luxación. La posición de la copa se describe como la relación espacial entre el centro de rotación de la cadera y la pelvis. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el posicionamiento de una copa monobloque no cementada en el posoperatorio inmediato de los pacientes a quienes se les realizo un RTC primario. Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo, los pacientes fueron operados por 4 cirujanos especialistas en cirugía de reemplazo articular de cadera en 8 clínicas, los procedimientos se realizaron entre octubre de 2015 a agosto de 2018, las medidas radiológicas fueron la inclinación, anteversión, lateralización, porcentaje de descubrimiento y espacio detrás de la copa acetabular. Resultados Los mayores porcentajes son para las copas acetabulares con inclinación de 36 a 48 grados, anteversión de 5 a 15 grados, lateralización de -2 a +2mm, porcentaje de descubrimiento del 0% y espacio detrás de la copa de 0 a 3mm. Discusión Diferentes autores han identificado zonas seguras de implantación las cuales concuerdan con los resultados de nuestro estudio. El posicionamiento adecuado de la copa acetabular monobloque no cementada se pudo lograr con una correcta indicación del implante, un abordaje quirúrgico que permitió una ubicación tridimensional idónea y un acetábulo sin alteraciones anatómicas a nivel periférico.

Background Appropriate positioning of the acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can improve hip function, reduce wear, impingement and dislocation. The position of the cup is described as the spatial relationship between the centre of rotation of the hip and the pelvis. The aim of this study is to describe the positioning of the uncemented monoblock cup in the immediate postoperative period in patients who underwent a primary THA. Methods Descriptive observational study. The patients were operated by 4 joints arthroplasty surgeons in 8 different hospitals, from October 2015 to August 2018. The radiological measurements were taken from the AP Pelvis Xrays of the immediate postoperative. The inclination, anteversion, lateralization, percentage of cup uncovered and the space behind the acetabular cup. Results 82.05% of the cups were in the range of inclination from 36 to 48 degrees; 85.71% had an anteversion between 5 to 15 degrees, 76.56% presented a lateralization of -2 to +2mm, 94.51% of the patients didnt have a uncover cup, and 92.67% of the cups had a space behind the cup from 0 to 3mm. Discussion In our study the highest percentage of cups were implanted with parameters agree to the safety areas reported by various authors. Adequate positioning of the uncemented monoblock acetabular cup can be achieved with a proper indication, a surgical approach that allows an ideal three-dimensional location and an acetabulum with a good peripheral rim that provides the required press-fit.

Ureterostomía cutánea como derivación urinaria definitiva en trasplante renal / Cutaneous ureterostomy as definitive urinary diversion in kidney transplant

Introducción. Cerca del 15 % de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal tienen alteraciones de las vías urinarias inferiores. Estas anomalías eran consideradas una contraindicación para el trasplante renal. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el comportamiento sociodemográfico y clínico de los pacientes trasplantados renales con ureterostomía cutánea como técnica de derivación definitiva de las vías urinarias. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de los pacientes trasplantados renales con vejiga anormal y ureterostomía cutánea, entre enero de 1973 y octubre de 2012.Resultados. En 4.294 trasplantes renales, se practicaron 24 (0,55 %) ureterostomías, 19 (79,1 %) como técnica inicial y 5 por falla de la ureteroneocistostomía. Diez (41,7 %) ureterostomías fallaron, la mayoría (8 casos) por estenosis. Se presentó infección urinaria en 20 pacientes y la mortalidad fue del 8,3 % (2/24). El 50 % (12/24) de los pacientes con trasplante de riñón estuvieron libres de infección urinaria durante el primer año. La supervivencia del riñón trasplantado fue de 93,8 % (23/24) a los 18 meses, de 85,9 % (20/24) a los 36 meses y de 66,7 % (16/24) a los 50 meses de seguimiento. La supervivencia de los injertos con ureterostomía sin infección fue del 100 % durante el periodo de seguimiento, mientras que la supervivencia de los riñones con infección urinaria fue de 93 % (23/24) a los 18 meses, de 76 % (18/24) a los 36 meses y de 54 % (13/24) a los 50 meses (p=0,235). Conclusiones. La ureterostomía cutánea es una alternativa segura para la derivación urinaria en pacientes tras-plantados renales con alteraciones de la vejiga que no permite su uso o preparación antes del trasplante

Introduction. About 15% of patients with end-stage chronic renal failure have lower urinary tract abnormalities. These abnormalities were considered a contraindication for kidney transplantation. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to describe the sociodemographic and clinical behavior of renal transplant patients with skin ureterostomy as a definitive urinary tract bypass technique.Methods. A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of renal transplant patients with abnormal bladder and skin ureterostomy was conducted between January 1973 and October 2012.Results. We performed 24 (0.55%) ureterostomies in 4.294 kidney transplants. Nineteen (79.1%) were used as first and definitive urinary diversion, and five were ureteroneocystostomies that failed and required ureterostomy as alternative diversion. Ten (41.7%) ureterostomies failed, most (eight cases) from stenosis. Urinary tract infection (UTI) were present in 20 patients and mortality was 8.3% (2/24); 50% (12/24) of kidney transplants were free of urinary tract infection during the first year. The survival of the transplanted kidney was 93.8% (23/24) at 18 months, 85.9% (20/24) at 36 months, and 66.8% (16/24) at 50 months of follow up. The survival of grafts with ureterostomy without urinary tract infection were 100% during the follow-up period, while the survival of the kidneys with UTI was 93% (23/24) at 18 months, 76% (18/24) at 36 months, and 54% (13/24) at 50 months (p=0.235).Conclusions. Cutaneous ureterostomy is a safe alternative for urinary diversion in transplanted renal patients with bladder abnormalities that cannot be prepared or used for a routine diversion before transplantation

Profilaxis combinada con inmunoglobulina intravenosa y plasmaféresis en pacientes altamente sensibilizados, receptores de trasplante renal o combinado hígado-riñón: experiencia en un centro médico colombiano / Combined prophylaxis with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis in highly sensitized patients, recipients of kidney or combined liver-kidney transplant: experience in a Colombian medical center

El trasplante renal constituye la mejor opción de tratamiento para los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal. La supervivencia del injerto es de gran importancia y puede ser afectada por factores inmunológicos o no inmunológicos; esto unido al número de pacientes en las listas de espera, hace necesario definir estrategias de manejo que permitan tener mejores resultados a largo plazo. Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas y humorales, y los desenlaces en receptores de trasplante renal o combinado hígado-riñón, altamente sensibilizados, que recibieron profilaxis combinada con inmunoglobulina intravenosa y plasmaféresis en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación, en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, que incluyó los pacientes trasplantados entre el 4 de julio de 2010 y el 19 de abril de 2017. Como variables se incluyeron, entre otras, la etiología de la enfermedad renal crónica, el tipo de terapia recibida, y el tiempo en lista de espera en días. Como desenlace se evaluó la presencia de rechazo, el tipo de rechazo, la pérdida del injerto, las complicaciones y la muerte. Resultados. Del total de 25 pacientes, el 100% recibió inmunoglobulina intravenosa y el 84% plasmaféresis. El 12% presentó rechazo del injerto, todos de tipo humoral, y el 20% perdió el injerto. Discusión. A pesar de la gran variedad de protocolos propuestos en la literatura, en esta población especial no se ha establecido un protocolo óptimo de inmunosupresión. El protocolo en nuestra pequeña cohorte no tuvo un impacto negativo en el porcentaje de infecciones postrasplante ni en la pérdida del injerto renal, pero sí redujo el tiempo en las listas de espera; por lo tanto, se requieren estudios adicionales para confirmar los hallazgos encontrados en este estudio

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with terminal chronic kidney disease, regardless of the etiology, making graft survival an important feature, which may be affected by immunological or non-immunological factors. This, added to the increasing number of patients on waiting lists, makes it necessary to define management strategies for these patients that allow better long-term results. Objectives. To determine the clinical, humoral and outcome characteristics in highly sensitized recipients of kidney and simultaneous kidneyliver transplant who received combined prophylaxis with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis therapy in a Colombian medical center. Materials and methods. A retrospective, observational, descriptive study was carried out that included the transplanted patients between July 4, 2010 and April 19, 2017. Variables included the etiology of chronic kidney disease, the type of therapy received, and waiting time in days, among others. As outcomes, the presence of rejection, type of rejection, graft loss, complications and death were evaluated. Results. From a total of 25 patients, 100% received intravenous immunoglobulin and 84% plasmapheresis. Twelve percent presented graft rejection, all humoral, and 20% lost the graft. Discussion. Despite the great variety of protocols proposed in the literature, an optimal immunosuppression protocol has not been established for this particular population. The protocol in our small cohort did not have a negative impact on the percentage of post-transplant infections nor in the loss of the renal graft, but it did reduce waiting time; therefore, additional studies are required to confirm the findings in this study

Calidad de vida laboral de los odontólogos en Antioquia 2011-2012 / Quality of working life for dentists in Antioquia 2011-2012

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) de los odontólogos en Antioquia, Colombia, a partir de componentes objetivos y subjetivos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo probabilístico con 323 odontólogos. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS 17.0 y Epidat 3.1. Resultados Se encontraron tendencias significativas (p<0,05) en la disminución de los profesionales de sexo masculino, con casa propia y postgrado. Son cada vez menos los profesionales con ingresos mensuales superiores a cinco Salarios Mínimos Legales Vigentes (5 SMLV), que cuentan con medidas privadas de salud y que gozan de más de 15 días de vacaciones; aumentaron los odontólogos que asumían totalmente los costos de seguridad social, los que se desplazaban a otros municipios a ejercer su profesión (p<0,05). Las condiciones de trabajo y la distancia de los sueños-realidad presentan diferencias significativas en los períodos estudiados. Discusión Los hallazgos ratifican la incidencia que tuvieron las reformas en salud y educación en la profesión odontológica, revelando una problemática de oferta/demanda que agudiza el deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo y que han llevado al profesional a un acondicionamiento laboral lejano al ejercicio de la profesión que había soñado. Conclusión La CVL de los odontólogos en Antioquia se ha venido deteriorando en un entorno laboral complejo y en crisis; paralelo a esta situación, el profesional no busca asociarse para enfrentar y transformar esta realidad.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the Quality of Life at Work (QOL) of dentists in Antioquia, Colombia, based on objective and subjective components. Materials and Methods A sample of 323 dentists was used for a descriptive study using a structured survey. Data were processed using in SPSS 17.0 and Epidat 3.1 software. Results Significant trends (p<0.05) were found for the decrease of male, home-based and postgraduate professionals. Fewer and fewer professionals earn more than five times the legal monthly minimum wage, have access to private health services, and enjoy more than 15 vacation days per year. On the other hand, the number of dentists that cover their social security expenses and updating courses costs by themselves Increased, as well as the number of professionals that moved to different municipalities to work (p<0.05). Working conditions and the distance between dreams and reality have meaningful differences for the periods observed. Discussion Findings ratify the incidence of health and education reforms over the practice of dentistry, revealing significant supply and demand conflicts that exacerbate the deterioration of working conditions and push professionals to merely accommodate, more and more, distancing from the once dreamed profession. Conclusion The QOL for dentists in Antioquia has deteriorated due to negative tendencies on working conditions derived from the complexity and crisis of the working environment. In addition, professionals do not attempt to associate to face and transform this reality.(AU)

Análisis de la incidencia de eventos adversos relacionados a aplicación de dipirona / Analysis of the incidence of adverse events related to the administration of dipyrone

Abstract Introduction: Notwithstanding the widespread use of dipyrone, its association with adverse events has reduced its clinical use, with Agranulocytosis being the most studied adverse event, and apparently of primary clinical impact. Studies in Latin America have disputed these claims. Objective: To analyze the incidence and reports of adverse events associated with the use of dipyrone in a high complexity hospital. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational study of an incident cohort. Population: Patients receiving dipyrone during their hospital stay. Quantitative analysis of incidents and description of dipyrone-associated adverse events. Results: Incidence of global adverse events=0.3% (in 48,946 doses of dipyrone prescribed to 2747 patients). No cases of Agranulocytosis. A total 100% non-severe adverse events. (All were associated with toxidermia). Conclusion: A low incidence of dipyrone-associated adverse events is reported. Optimal reporting of institutional adverse events is controversial, and the recommendation is to measure any adverse events with a more rigorous follow-up of patients using dipyrone, and a clear and specific standardization of the guidelines for improved prescription and medical control.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar del amplio espectro de uso de la dipirona, su asociación a eventos adversos ha reducido su empleo clínico, siendo la agranulocitosis el evento adverso más estudiado, y al parecer de mayor impacto clínico. Estudios en América Latina han controvertido dichas afirmaciones. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia y reporte de eventos adversos asociados al uso de dipirona en un hospital de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de una cohorte Incidente. Población: Pacientes usuarios de dipirona durante su estancia hospitalaria. Análisis cuantitativo de Incidencias, y descriptivo de los casos incidentes de adversos relacionados al uso de dipirona. Resultados: Incidencia de Eventos Adversos Globales=0,3% (En 48.496 dosis de dipirona formuladas en 2.747 pacientes). Ningún caso de Agranulocytosis. 100% de eventos adversos no severos (Todos asociados a reacción toxidérmica). Conclusiones: Se reporta una baja incidencia de eventos adversos relacionados al uso de dipirona. Se controvierte la óptima ejecución de los reportes de eventos adversos institucionales. Se sugiere la realización de la medición de eventos adversos posterior a un más riguroso seguimiento de los pacientes usuarios de este medicamento, y a una estandarización clara y puntual de pautas para una mejor prescripción y control médico luego de su formulación.

Cardiomiopatía urémica y transporte peritoneal en pacientes incidentes con diálisis peritoneal en el occidente de México / Uremic cardiomyopathy and peritoneal transport in incident peritoneal dialysis patients in the west of Mexico

No disponible

Soporte nutricional en lesión renal aguda / Nutritional support in acute kidney injury

El desgaste proteico energético (DPE) es altamente prevalente en pacientes con lesión renal aguda (LRA), lo que incrementa la mortalidad, complicaciones y el uso de recursos sanitarios. Los objetivos del soporte nutricional (SN) incluyen: adecuar el aporte de nutrientes, prevenir el DPE, preservar la masa corporal magra, mantener el estado nutricional, evitar otros trastornos metabólicos, mejorar la cicatrización de heridas, apoyar la función inmune y reducir la mortalidad. Los pacientes con LRA en terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) deben recibir al menos 1.5 g/kg/d de proteína y no más de 30 kcal no proteicas/kg/d. Se deben tomar en cuenta las pérdidas de macronutrientes y micronutrientes especialmente en los diferentes tipos de TRR, así como las alteraciones metabólicas, subalimentación o sobrealimentación. La nutrición enteral debe ser la primera elección de alimentación, sin embargo, la nutrición parenteral sola o combinada debe ser utilizada para alcanzar los objetivos nutricionales. El SN debe ser temprano durante las primeras 24-48 hrs. Los requerimientos nutricionales y el tipo de SN deben ser individualizados y reevaluados con frecuencia en pacientes con LRA (AU)

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is highly prevalent in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), increasing mortality, complications and use of health resources. The goals of nutritional support (NS) include: adequate intake of nutrients, prevent PEW, preservation of lean body mass, maintenance of nutritional status, avoidance of further metabolic derangements, enhancement of wound healing, support of immune function and reduction in mortality. Patients with AKI on renal replacement therapy (RRT) should receive at least 1.5 g/kg/d of protein and not more than 30 nonprotein kcal/kg/d. It should be taken into account losses macronutrients and micronutrients specially in the different types of RRT, metabolic alterations and underfeeding or overfeeding. Enteral nutrition should be the first choice of feeding, however, alone or complementary parenteral nutrition should be used to achieve nutritional goals. NS should be early in the first 24-48 hrs. The nutritional requirements and type of NS should be frequently reassessed and individualized in patients with AKI (AU)

Asociación de albúmina sérica y valoración global subjetiva en pacientes incidentes en diálisis peritoneal / Association of serum albumin and subjective global assessment on incident peritoneal dialysis patients

Introducción: la albúmina sérica es el biomarcador más frecuentemente utilizado como uno de los tres criterios bioquímicos para el diagnóstico del desgaste proteico energético (DPE). Sin embargo, como parámetro nutricional es poco fiable en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). La valoración global subjetiva (VGS) ha sido recomendada para la evaluación nutricional y del DPE en ERC. Objetivo: determinar la asociación de los niveles de albúmina sérica y la VGS en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal (IRCT) que iniciaron diálisis peritoneal (DP). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico en pacientes con IRCT que fueron evaluados previo a iniciar DP. Se determinaron niveles de albúmina sérica y se realizó una evaluación nutricional mediante la VGS. Resultados: 69 pacientes, 46 (67%) hombres y 23 (33%) mujeres, con una media de edad de 39,97±18,30 años, albúmina sérica 2,75±0,65 g/dl, creatinina 18,91±10,98 mg/dl, urea 314,80±152,74 mg/dl e IMC 23,37±3,79 kg/m2, la mediana de TFG 3 (1-12) mL/min/1,73m2. La VGS mostró que el 34,8% estaba bien nutrido, el 40,6% tenía riesgo de DPE o moderado y el 24,6% presentaba un DPE severo. No existió asociación (p=ns) entre los niveles de albúmina sérica y la VGS. Conclusión: el presente estudio muestra que la hipoalbuminemia y el DPE son muy frecuentes. La identificación de los niveles de albúmina sérica y la VGS al iniciar DP en nuestra población pudieran ser predictores de mortalidad. La albúmina sérica no es una herramienta útil para la evaluación nutricional en pacientes con IRCT que iniciarán DP (AU)

Introduction: serum albumin the biomarker most frequently used as one of three biochemical criteria for diagnosis of protein energy wasting (PEW). However, as a nutritional parameter it’s unreliable in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The subjective global assessment (SGA) has been recommended for nutritional evaluation and the PEW in CKD. Objective: determine association between the levels of serum albumin and SGA in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who started peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: a cross-sectional study in patients with ESRD were evaluated prior to starting PD. Levels of serum albumin were determined and nutritional assessment was performed by SGA. Results: 69 patients, 46 (67%) men and 23 (33%) women, average age 39.97±18.30 years old, serum albumin 2.75±0.65 g/dl, creatinine 18.91±10.98 mg/dl, urea 314.80±152.74 mg/dl and BMI 23.37±3.79 kg/m2 , median of GFR 3 (1-12) mL/min/1.73m2 . The SGA showed that 34.8% was well nourished, 40.6% had risk of moderate PEW and the 24.6% had severe PEW. There was no association (p=ns) between the levels of serum albumin and SGA. Conclusion: the present study shows hypoalbuminemia and PEW are very frequent. The identification of levels of serum albumin and SGA at the beginning of PD in our population could be predictors of mortality. Serum albumin is not a useful tool for nutritional assessment in patients with ERSD who initiate PD (AU)

Respuesta al comentario de «Peritonitis asociada a la diálisis peritoneal, 27 años de experiencia en un único centro, Medellín, Colombia» / Response to Comment on "Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: twenty-seven years of experience in a Colombian medical centre"

No disponible

Frecuencia de los transcriptos p190BCR-ABL y p210BCR-ABL en una población colombiana con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) usando RT-PCR cualitativa / Detection of p190BCR-ABL AND p210BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) using qualitative RT-PCR / Frequência dos transcritos p190BCR-ABL e p210BCR- ABL numa população colombiana com leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) usando RT-PCR qualitativa

Introducción: la leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) se caracteriza por la presencia del cromosoma Filadelfia (Ph) que resulta de la translocación recíproca balanceada t(9;22)(q34;q11); este marcador cromosómico se encuentra con menor frecuencia en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA). Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de las fusiones génicas BCR-ABL, que codifican para los transcriptos p210BCR-ABL y p190 BCR-ABL en pacientes colombianos con diagnóstico de LMC, en diferentes fases de la enfermedad o de su tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 31 pacientes con LMC (15-78 años). El análisis se hizo a partir de muestras de sangre periférica con la técnica PCR anidada cualitativa para las isoformas P210 BCR-ABL (b3a2 e b2a2) y P190 BCR-ABL (e1a2). Resultados: se detectó el transcripto p210BCR-ABL en 29 de los 31 casos (93,6%). En ellos se identificaron las fusiones génicas b2a2 (16/29; 55,2%), b3a2 (10/29; 34,5%) y la coexpresión b3a2 y b2a2 (3/29; 10,3%). Conclusión: la fusión génica b2a2 fue la más frecuente en esta población con LMC.

Introduction: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), resulting from the balanced reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). This marker chromosome is found less frequently in patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Objective: To determine the frequency of BCR-ABL gene fusions encoding the p210BCR-ABL y p190 BCR-ABL transcripts in Colombian patients diagnosed with CML in different stages of the disease and/or its treatment. Materials and methods: Cross sectional, descriptive study of thirty one CML patients (aged 15-78). Analysis was carried out through qualitative nested PCR for the isoforms P210 BCR-ABL (b3a2 e b2a2) and P190 BCR-ABL (e1a2), and based on peripheral blood samples. Results: In 29 of the 31 patients (93.6%) transcript p210BCR-ABL was detected; b2a2 and b3a2 gene fusions and the coexpression b3a2 y b2a2 were identified in 55.2% (16/29), 34.5% (10/29) and 10.3% (3/29) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: b2a2 gene fusion was the most frequent in this CML population.

Introdução: a leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) caracteriza- se pela presença do cromossomo Filadélfia (Ph) que resulta da translocação recíproca balanceada t(9;22)(q34;q11); este marcador cromossômico se encontra com menor frequência em pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA). Objetivo: determinar a frequência das fusões genéticas BCR-ABL, que codificam para os transcritos p210BCR-ABL e p190 BCR-ABL em pacientes colombianos com diagnóstico de LMC, em diferentes fases da doença ou de seu tratamento. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal de 31 pacientes com LMC (15-78 anos). A análise se fez a partir de mostras de sangue periférico com a técnica PCR aninhada qualitativa para as isoformas P210 BCR-ABL (b3a2 e b2a2) e P190 BCR-ABL (e1a2). Resultados: detectou-se o transcrito p210BCR-ABL em 29 dos 31 casos (93,6%). Neles se identificaram as fusões genéticas b2a2 (16/29; 55,2%), b3a2 (10/29; 34,5%) e a co-expressão b3a2 e b2a2 (3/29; 10,3%). Conclusão: a fusão genética b2a2 foi a mais frequente nesta população com LMC.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: twenty-seven years of experience in a Colombian medical center

Peritonitis has been the most common complication of continues ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) since it was first implemented, and it remains the leading cause of treatment failure and transfer to other renal replacement therapies. This study presents a Colombian series with a total of 2,469 episodes of peritonitis in 914 patients from a cohort of 1,497 patients on PD, who were followed for almost three decades at a single center. This is the largest Latin American series of patients with PD-related peritonitis. Objective: To describe the CAPD-related peritonitis in a cohort of patients followed for 27 years at a single center, and compare the results with those observed elsewhere in the world. Study Design: Prospective study of incident patients on CAPD from March 1981 to December 2008. Results: In our center, the rate of peritonitis has been steady between 0.8 and 0.9 since 1981 and no significant changes have been noticed in the 27 years of follow up. The rate remains similar to that described nowadays by other large dialysis centers in the world, which have reported significant improvements in recent decades. No significant differences were found in the isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms or fungi with respect to those reported by other large series, or in the frequency of culture-negative peritonitis. Conclusion: This study presents the largest Latin American series of patients with CAPD-related peritonitis with a total of 2,469 patients. In this study, the rate of CAPD-related peritonitis remained almost the same during the three decades of observation despite having used three different CAPD systems. Our hypothesis is that the socio-economic conditions of the patients admitted for peritoneal dialysis influences the rate of peritonitis (AU)

Desde que se implementó por primera vez, la peritonitis ha sido la complicación más común de la diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria continua (DPAC) y sigue siendo la causa principal del fracaso del tratamiento y del cambio a otros tratamientos renales sustitutivos. En este estudio se presenta una serie colombiana de un total de 2469 episodios de peritonitis en 914 pacientes de una cohorte de 1497 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP), que fueron sometidos a seguimiento durante casi tres décadas en un único centro. Se trata de la mayor serie de Latinoamérica de pacientes con peritonitis asociada con DP. Objetivo: Describir la peritonitis asociada con la DPAC en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a seguimiento durante 27 años en un único centro y comparar los resultados con los observados en otras partes del mundo. Diseño del estudio: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes incidentes de DPAC desde marzo de 1981 hasta diciembre de 2008. Resultados: En nuestro centro, la tasa de peritonitis ha permanecido estable entre 0,8 y 0,9 desde 1981 y no se han observado cambios significativos en los 27 años de seguimiento. La tasa es similar a la descrita actualmente por otros grandes centros de diálisis del mundo, que han registrado importantes mejoras en las últimas décadas. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en las muestras aisladas de microorganismos gram positivos o gram negativos u hongos en lo que respecta a los registrados en otras grandes series ni en la frecuencia de peritonitis con cultivo negativo. Conclusión: En este estudio se presenta la mayor serie de Latinoamérica de pacientes con peritonitis asociada con DPAC con un total de 2469 pacientes. La tasa de peritonitis asociada con DPAC permaneció prácticamente inalterable durante las tres décadas de observación, a pesar de haber utilizado tres sistemas diferentes de DPAC. Nuestra hipótesis es que las condiciones socioeconómicas de los pacientes ingresados para diálisis peritoneal influyen en la tasa de peritonitis

Retiro temprano de esteroides en una cohorte de trasplante renal tratada con tacrolimus, mofetil micofenolato y basiliximab / Early steroid withdrawal in a renal transplant cohort treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and basiliximab

Antecedentes: No hay suficiente evidencia sobre la frecuencia de rechazo agudo y la función del injerto en los pacientes con retiro temprano de esteroides (RTE). El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el efecto del RTE sobre la tasa de filtrado glomerular (TFG), la supervivencia/rechazo del injerto en receptores de una cohorte de tratados con tacrolimus/mofetil micofenolato, comparada con un grupo control. Material y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva en 60 receptores de bajo riesgo inmunológico entre diciembre de 2005 y julio de 2010. Cohorte del estudio (C-RTE; N = 32), el RTE se hizo el 5o día mientras recibían tacrolimus/mofetil micofenolato. La cohorte control (C-C, N = 28) recibió prednisona/tacrolimus/mofetil micofenolato. Las variables clínicas, bioquímicas e histológicas fueron evaluadas al inicio del estudio, y a los 3, 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento. Se utilizó Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar la supervivencia. Las comparaciones entre cohortes fueron hechas por la t de Student y χ2. Resultados: Durante el seguimiento, la C-C muestra presión sanguínea significativamente mayor tanto sistólica (125 ± 10 frente a 114 ± 8) como diastólica (81 ± 8 frente a 72 ± 7), glucosa sérica (96 ± 13 frente a 86 ± 10), triglicéridos (177 ± 61 frente a 129 ± 34), colesterol total (183 ± 43 frente a 148 ± 34) y colesterol LDL (100 ± 22 frente a 87 ± 25). La C-C presentó una mayor proporción de uso de antihipertensivos (57 frente a 13 %) y de estatinas (27 frente a 9 %). La TFGe fue mejor en la C-RTE que en la C-C (85,4 ± 20,6 frente a 70,6 ± 17,0, p = 0,004). La frecuencia de rechazo agudo fue menor en la C-RTE. Conclusiones: La supervivencia del injerto, la TFG, la tasa de rechazo agudo y el perfil metabólico fueron mejores en la C-RTE que en la C-C (AU)

Background: Acute rejection and graft function have not been completely clarified in early-steroid-withdrawal (ESW) patients. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of early steroid withdrawal on GFR, graft survival/rejection in recipients in a cohort treated with tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil compared to a control cohort. Material and method: Retrospective cohort, in 60 low immunological risk recipients between December 2005 and July 2010. Study cohort (ESW-C N=32), steroid withdrawal was carried out after 5 days, while they were receiving tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil. The control cohort (C-C, N=28) received prednisone/tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil. Clinical, biochemical and histological variables were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess survival. Comparisons between cohorts were carried out by the Student's t and χ2 tests. Results: At follow-up, C-C displayed significantly higher systolic (125±10 vs. 114±8) and diastolic (81±8 vs. 72±7) blood pressure, serum glucose (96±13 vs. 86±10), triglycerides (177±61 vs. 129±34), total (183±43 vs. 148±34) and LDL-cholesterol (100±22 vs. 87±25). C-C had a higher proportion of antihypertensive (57 vs. 13%), and statins (27 vs. 9%) use. eGFR was better in ESW-C than in C-C (85.4±20.6 vs. 70.6±17.0, p=.004). AR frequency was lower in ESW-C. Conclusions: Graft survival, GFR, AR rate and metabolic profile were better in the ESW-C than in C-C (AU)