Association between bullying victimization and health risk behavior in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.

Association between the practice of fitness-related exercises and body image dissatisfaction in adolescents from Curitiba (PR), Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between participation in fitness-related exercises (FRE) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents and evaluate the interaction between physical exercise and nutritional status in this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 involving 799 adolescents (10-16 years old) from 14 public schools in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. BID was assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Silhouette Scale. The FRE was classified as "does not practice," "practices ≤300 min/week," and "practices >300 min/week" by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions, adjusted for sex, sexual maturation, and nutritional status analyzed the association of FRE and BID. RESULTS: The BID prevalence was 28.3%; 52.4% of the adolescents wanted to reduce their silhouettes; and 48.7% did not practice FRE. Adolescents who practiced FRE >300 min/week had a 28% higher prevalence for some level of BID (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.08-1.52) and a 46% lower chance of wanting to reduce silhouettes (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.35-0.82), compared to nonpractitioners. There was no interaction between FRE and nutritional status in association with BID. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents who practice FRE >300 min/week are likely to have some level of BID and are less likely to report the desire to increase their silhouettes, regardless of their nutritional status.

Time spent in different sedentary activity domains across adolescence: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study aimed to verify possible changes in the time spent in sedentary activities occurring as screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation domains in a sample of Brazilian adolescents between 2015 and 2017. METHODS: It is a longitudinal prospective study with 586 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old at the Baseline (2015) enrolled in 14 public schools from Curitiba, Brazil. The Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire assessed the time spent in sedentary activities in five domains (recreational screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation). A series of linear random effects regressions analyzed changes in the sedentary time between 2015 and 2017, with p < .05. RESULTS: Overall, 323 adolescents dropped out of the study resulting in a retention rate of 44.9%. The overall sedentary time remained stable from 2015 to 2017 (-3.98 min/day, 95%CI: -15.39; 7.42). The screen-time decreased (-22.22 min/day, 95%CI: -30.30; -14.15), and educational (8.29 min/day, 95% CI: 3.52; 13.06), cultural (3.41 min/day, 95% CI: 0.66; 6.15) and social sedentary activities (8.20 min/day, 95% CI: 2.06; 14.34) increased from 2015 to 2017. CONCLUSION: Significant reductions in screen-time were evidenced along with increases in time spent on other sedentary activities of educational, cultural, and social nature. KeywordsSedentary behavior, Adolescent health, Longitudinal studies.

Time trends of physical inactivity in Brazilian adults from 2009 to 2017.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity in the Brazilian adults from 2009-2017. METHODS: This study used a time-series research design based on the cross-sectional data of 462,498 Brazilian adults from 2009-2017. Participants were classified as physically inactive if they indicated not participating in physical activity in the last three months. The Prais-Winsten regression analyzed physical inactivity trends over time. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of physical inactivity was stable (p>0.05). Physical inactivity increased for women in four state capitals (annual growth rate: Goiânia 1.62%, Campo Grande 3.28%, Porto Velho 0.93%, and Vitória 2.09%) and decreased in one (annual growth rate: Rio Branco 4.50%). Physical inactivity decreased for men in four state capitals (annual growth rate: Campo Grande 4.72%, Natal 2.73%, São Luís 4.94%, and Rio Branco 2.95%). CONCLUSION: The physical inactivity among the Brazilian adults was stable between 2009 and 2017. Physical inactivity increased in women from Goiânia, Campo Grande, Porto Velho, and Vitória and decreased in women from Rio Branco and in men from Campo Grande, Natal, São Luís, and Rio Branco.

[Changes in tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from Curitiba in the State of Paraná: a longitudinal study]. / Modificações do consumo de cigarros e bebidas alcoólicas em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná: um estudo longitudinal.

The scope of this study was to verify alterations in cigarette and alcohol consumption in a sample of adolescents from the state education system of the city of Curitiba in the State of Paraná between 2015 and 2017. It involved a longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted with 799 adolescents (11 to 15 years of age) between 2015 and 2017. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) questionnaire evaluated mild and excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Modifications of alcohol and tobacco consumption were evaluated through Generalizable Estimating Equation (GEE) models with Poisson distribution to obtain Incidence Risk Ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The "time" variable was treated as an independent variable along with other possible predictors (gender, age bracket, nutritional status, socioeconomic level, head of household education, physical activity and screen time). Tobacco consumption (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,02; 1,71), mild (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,13; 1,53) and excessive (IRR= 1,21, 95%CI = 1,04; 1,40) alcohol consumption increased between 2015 and 2017. This study indicates that adolescents participating in this research are modifying their behaviors towards a less healthy lifestyle.

A presente investigação objetivou verificar modificações no consumo de cigarro e álcool em uma amostra de adolescentes do sistema estadual de ensino da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil entre 2015 e 2017. Estudo longitudinal de coorte prospectivo realizado com 799 adolescentes, entre 11 e 15 anos. O consumo leve e excessivo de álcool e de cigarro foram avaliados através do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Modificações do consumo de álcool e cigarro foram avaliadas através de modelos de Equação de Estimação Generalizável com distribuição de Poisson para obtenção de razões de taxas de incidência (RTI) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A variável "tempo" foi tratada como variável independente, juntamente com demais possíveis preditores (sexo, faixa etária, estado nutricional, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade do chefe da família, atividade física e tempo em tela). O consumo de cigarros (RTI= 1,32, IC95%= 1,02; 1,71), consumo leve (RTI= 1,32, IC95%= 1,13; 1,53) e excessivo de álcool (RTI= 1,21, IC95%= 1,04; 1,40) cresceram significativamente entre 2015 e 2017. O presente estudo denota que os adolescentes participantes desta investigação estão modificando seus comportamentos em direção a um estilo de vida menos saudável.

Prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school for adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school (ATS) among Brazilian adolescents attending public schools. METHODS: Crossectional study with a representative sample of 1,984 adolescents (55.9% girls). Sociodemographic variables included were: gender, age, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status. Psychosocial factors included were: social support from parents and friends for physical activity. Walking, cycling, or skateboarding to school were considered models of active transportation. Binary logistic regression models verified sociodemographic and psychosocial factors association with ATS, adopting p < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of active transportation to school was 37.7% (16.2% boys and 21.5% girls). For boys, ATS was associated with: social support from parents in practicing physical activity together as a family (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.09-2.25), giving them rides (OR = 1.56; 95%CI 1.04-2.32), and remarking their good performance on it (OR = 1.73; CI95 1.08-2.76); as well as the social support from friends in practicing physical activity together (OR = 2.23; 95%CI 1.35-3.69). For girls, the likelihood of using ATS increased with age (OR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.06-1.92) and having friends who practice physical activity together with them (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.04-2.10). CONCLUSION: Age and social support for physical activity were associated with ATS. Parents who practice together, give rides, and remark on physical activities increase the likelihood of adolescent boys using ATS. Social support from friends to physical activity increased the likelihood of both genders using ATS.

CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CURITIBA, PARANÁ, BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation, social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347 students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level, social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. RESULTS: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were: nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less active.

[Body image among adolescents: the association between nutritional status and physical activity]. / Imagem corporal em adolescentes: associação com estado nutricional e atividade física.

The aim of this article is to verify the association between nutritional status and physical activity with the perception of body image satisfaction in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, State of Paraná. The sample consisted of 844 adolescents of 11 to 17 years of age. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Body image perception was assessed by the Silhouette Shape Scale and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The association between nutritional status and level of physical activity with satisfaction with body image was performed through multinomial logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with moderate and severe body image dissatisfaction (BID) among girls (OR: 6.20; 95%CI: 2.62 - 14.66 and OR: 6.20; 95%CI: 4.10 - 9.36) and boys (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.06 - 3.59 e OR: 3.91; 95%CI: 2.57 - 5.95) and with the desire to decrease the silhouette for boys and girls (OR: 4.86; 95%CI: 3.37 - 7.00 and OR: 6.46; 95%CI: 4.12 - 10.14). The level of physical activity was not associated with BID. Adolescents who are overweight and obese are more likely to admit to BID. Physical activity was not related to BID.

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação do estado nutricional e da atividade física com a percepção de satisfação da imagem corporal em uma amostra de adolescentes de Curitiba/PR. Compuseram a amostra 844 adolescentes entre 11 a 17 anos. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes. A percepção da imagem corporal foi avaliada pela Escala de Figura de Silhueta e pelo Body Shape Questionnarie. A associação do estado nutricional e do nível de atividade física com a satisfação com a imagem corporal foi realizada através da regressão logística multinominal para obtenção da razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<0,05. O sobrepeso/obesidade esteve associado positivamente com a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) moderada e grave para meninas (RC: 6,20; IC95%: 2,62 - 14,66 e RC: 6,20; IC95%: 4,10 - 9,36) e meninos (RC: 1,95; IC95%: 1,06 - 3,59 e RC: 3,91; IC95%: 2,57 - 5,95) e com o desejo de diminuir a silhueta para meninos e meninas (RC: 4,86; IC95%: 3,37 - 7,00 e RC: 6,46, IC95%: 4,12 - 10,14). O nível de atividade física não se mostrou associado com a IIC. Adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentam maior chance de reportarem IIC. A atividade física não esteve relacionada com a IIC.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICE AND CLUSTERING OF HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between participation in physical activity (PA) and the clustering of health risk behaviors (HRB) in adolescents of both genders. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 862 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) enrolled in 14 randomly selected public schools from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Participation in PA, screen time, consumption of fruit, vegetables, cigarettes and alcoholic beverages were the criteria evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression tested the association between participation in PA and clustering of HRB, and results are expressed Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Adolescents with high participation in PA had lower odds of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.21-0.68; p<0.01) and 4-5 HRB (OR 0.29; 95%IC 0.16-0.53; p<0.01). Boys with high participation in PA had lower chances of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.13-0.75; p=0.01), and girls had lower odds of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.41; 95%CI 0.17-0.99; p=0.04) and 4-5 HRB (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.10-0.61; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: High participation in PA was inversely associated with the clustering of HRB in adolescents.

Metabolic risk factors clustering among adolescents: a comparison between sex, age and socioeconomic status.

The aim was to compare the metabolic risk factors (MRF) between sex, age and socioeconomic status in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 997 adolescents (429 boys) aged 12-17 years old from public schools. Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, Triglycerides, Glycemia, Blood Pressure, waist circumference and body mass index were measured. Sex, age and socioeconomic status information was obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, Fisher Exact and Chi-Square Tests were used to establish the sample's characteristics and the MRF comparison between variables. We found that 27.4% were classified as overweight/obese, almost half of them had TC and LDL-c classified as limitrophe/altered, with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.01), and that a higher percentage of altered values was seen among girls. The percentage of 3 and 4 or more MRF was 13.8% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, 86.5% of the participants had at least one and 39.7% had at least two MRF. We conclude that there was a high percentage of overweight/obese, as well as a great number of subjects with altered TC and HDL-c. We also pointed out the large percentage of aggregated metabolic risk factors in both sexes. Strategies to reduce metabolic risk factors are required.

Time trends of physical activity in Curitiba, Brazil: 2006-2015. / Tendência temporal da participação em atividade física no lazer na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil (2006-2015).

OBJECTIVE: The identification of the time trend of physical activity can help in the evaluation of the effectiveness of programs aimed at the promotion of physical activity at the population scope. To analyze the temporal trend of leisure time physical activity in adults living in the city of Curitiba (Brazil), from 2006-2015. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 19,183 adults, obtaining information on duration, intensity and weekly frequency of leisure-time physical activity from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Inquiry. Adults who reported participating in leisure time physical activity at least once a week in the three months prior to the survey were considered active. RESULTS: Men's leisure-time physical activity was stable overtime (p = 0.28), while it increased significantly among women (1.86% per year, 95%CI 0.55; 3.37; p = 0.02). Men reported less activities with weekly frequency of one to two times (-3.75% per year, 95%CI -6.72; -0.67; p = 0.03) but more with weekly frequencies of five to six times (7.42% per year, 95%CI 4.54; 10.38; p = 0.001). No changes were observed in the frequency of physical activity among women. CONCLUSION: Monitoring indicators of physical activity in the city of Curitiba can assist legislators in building policies to promote physical activity.

INTRODUÇÃO: A tendência temporal da participação em atividade física pode auxiliar na avaliação da efetividade de programas voltados à sua promoção no âmbito populacional. O estudo analisou a tendência temporal da participação em atividade física no lazer de adultos residentes na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2015. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados secundários de 19.183 participantes, obtidos junto ao Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (2006 a 2015). Foram considerados ativos no lazer os adultos que referiram participar de atividades físicas no tempo livre pelo menos uma vez por semana nos três meses anteriores à realização do inquérito. RESULTADOS: A tendência temporal da prática de atividade de lazer foi estacionária em homens e crescente em mulheres (1,86% ao ano; IC95% 0,55 - 3,37). Os homens reduziram a participação em atividades realizadas 1 a 2 vezes por semana (-3,75% ao ano; IC95% -6,72 - -0,67) e aumentaram a participação em atividades realizadas de 5 a 6 vezes por semana (7,42% ao ano; IC95% 4,54 - 10,38). CONCLUSÃO: A continuidade da monitoração dos indicadores de atividade física na cidade de Curitiba pode auxiliar gestores a direcionarem políticas de promoção da atividade física.

Is physical activity associated with a higher degree of wisdom? Cross-sectional study with high school students / Atividade física está associada com maior grau de sabedoria? Estudo transversal com estudantes do ensino médio

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degree of wisdom and the level of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of students from a federal public school in southern Brazil. Observational cross-sectional study with 462 young people of both sexes between 15 and 18 years old. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The independent variable was the "level of leisure PA" (inactive, insufficiently active, and physically active) and the outcome was the "degree of wisdom" evaluated through a validated questionnaire (SD-WISE7). There was a linear trend towards an increase in the wisdom score according to the level of PA. This trend and significant association continued in the adjusted analysis, with active students averaging 1.84 points more in the wisdom score compared to inactive students. In conclusion, the wisest young people are also the most physically active young people. In view of the potential beneficial effects, current studies may consider wisdom as a possible mediator of PA with health outcomes.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o grau de sabedoria e o nível de atividade física de lazer (AF) de alunos de uma escola pública federal do sul do Brasil. Estudo observacional de corte transversal com 462 jovens de ambos os sexos entre 15 e 18 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável na plataforma REDCap. A variável independente foi o "nível de AF de lazer" (inativo, insuficientemente ativo e ativo fisicamente) e o desfecho foi a "grau de sabedoria" avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Observou-se tendência linear de aumento do escore de sabedoria conforme o nível de AF. Essa tendência e associação significativa se manteve na análise ajustada, com os ativos tendo em média 1.84 pontos a mais no escore de sabedoria em comparação aos inativos. Em conclusão, os jovens mais sábios também são os jovens mais ativos fisicamente. Tendo em vista os potenciais efeitos benéficos, os estudos atuais podem considerar a sabedoria como um possível mediador da AF com desfechos em saúde.

[Reproducibility of a questionnaire on physical activity among school students from 9 to 15 years of age]. / Reprodutibilidade de um questionário de atividade física em escolares de 9 a 15 anos de idade.

The objective of this study was to analyze the "test-retest" reproducibility of a questionnaire on physical activity among 1189 school students of both genders, from 9 to 15 years age in public schools in Curitiba/PR. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was determined by the repeated measures procedure called "test-retest", with an interval of one week between applications. For data analysis the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the percentage of correlation, the Kappa index, adjusted Kappa (Kappa PABAK) and Bland-Altman scatter diagram were used. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 adopting a 5% significance level. All ICC were higher than 0.80. The correlation between the application replicas of the questionnaire was moderate, Kappa ranging from 0.51 to 0.61. There was a correlation between the questionnaire applications, the average difference between the first and second being equal to 106.49 min/wk (IC95%: 79.05-133.92) with limits of correlation ranging from 1070.97 (+2SD) to -857.99 (-2SD) min/week. In conclusion, the survey analyzed in this study showed satisfactory levels of reproducibility, having the possibility of being used to measure physical activity in both children and adolescents.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a reprodutibilidade "teste-reteste" de um questionário de Atividade Física em 1.189 escolares, de ambos os sexos, de 9 a 15 anos da rede pública de ensino de Curitiba/PR. A reprodutibilidade do questionário foi determinada pelo procedimento de medidas repetidas "teste-reteste" com uma semana de intervalo entre as aplicações. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), o percentual de concordância, o índice Kappa, o Kappa ajustado (Kappa PABAK) e o diagrama de dispersão de Bland-Altman. As análises estatísticas foram efetuadas no SPSS 21.0 adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Todos os CCI foram superiores a 0,80. A concordância entre as réplicas de aplicação do questionário foi moderada, Kappa variando de 0,51 a 0,61. Verificou-se concordância entre as réplicas de aplicação do questionário, sendo a diferença média entre a primeira e a segunda igual a 106,49 min/semana (IC95%: 79,05-133,92) com limites de concordância variando de 1.070,97 (+2DP) a -857,99 (-2DP) min/semana. Conclui-se que o questionário analisado neste estudo apresentou níveis satisfatórios de reprodutibilidade podendo ser utilizado para mensurar a atividade física tanto em crianças quanto em adolescentes.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WEIGHT-TEASING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS. / ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A PROVOCAÇÃO REFERENTE AO PESO CORPORAL E A ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM ADOLESCENTES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the association between weight-teasing and physical activity in students from public schools of Curitiba, Paraná (Southern Brazil). METHODS: The sample consisted of 95 students (48 boys and 47 girls) aged 12 to 14 years old. The Perception of Weight Teasing (POTS) and The Perception of Weight Teasing during Physical Activity Scale assessed the frequency of weight-teasing experienced by the participants. Accelerometers measured physical activity. BMI assessed the weight status of the participants. Pearson correlations analyzed the association between the teasing and physical activity variables at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The relationship between teasing variables and physical activity was not significant. A large proportion of participants failed to meet the recommended levels of physical activity regardless of sex (72%), and girls were significantly less physically active than boys (56.3% of boys and 89.4% of girls; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Some participants were targets of weight-teasing, but teasing was not related to physical activity. Interventions are necessary to educate middle school students about the harmful consequences of weight teasing.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre a atividade física e a provocação referente ao peso corporal em escolares matriculados no sistema público de ensino em Curitiba, Paraná. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 95 escolares (48 meninos e 47 meninas) com idades entre 12 e 14 anos. Para avaliar a provocação, foram utilizadas as versões em português da Escala de Percepção de Provocação e a Escala de Percepção de Provocação Durante a Atividade Física. A atividade física foi mensurada por meio de acelerômetros. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi utilizado para definição do estado nutricional dos participantes. A associação entre as variáveis de provocação e de atividade física foi analisada por meio da correlação de Pearson, adotando um nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foram verificadas associações significativas entre as variáveis de provocação e atividade física. Foram observados valores elevados de indivíduos insuficientemente ativos (72%), com diferenças significativas entre os sexos (56,3% dos meninos e 89,4% das meninas, p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A provocação referente ao peso é vivenciada pelos escolares avaliados e não esteve relacionada com a atividade física. Destaca-se a importância de intervenções que incentivem a conscientização das consequências da provocação referente ao peso.

Association of sex, sexual maturation, age group, economic class, and nutritional status with the different cutoff points of screen time in adolescents / Associação entre sexo, maturação sexual, faixa etária, classe econômica e estado nutricional com os diferentes pontos de corte do tempo de tela em adolescentes

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of adolescents' screen time in three different scenarios and possible associations with gender, sexual maturation, age group, economic class, and nutritional status. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 3,979 adolescents from Greater Curitiba. Screen time (television, computer, and video game) was self-reported and categorized as ≤2h/day, >2 to ≤4h/day, and >4h/day. Ordinal logistic regression tested the associations. Results: the sample consisted of adolescents of 14.60±1.88 years old, most girls (51.2%). The prevalence of screen time >4h/day was 89.3%. Girls (OR=0.61; CI95%=0.49-0.76) and the older age groups ("14 to 16 years" OR=0.29; CI95%=0.22-0.39, and "17 to 19 years" OR=0.11; CI95%=0.08-0.16) were less likely to be in the groups of higher screen time. Conclusions: screen time above four hours seems to be the most prevalent among adolescents. Older girls and teens are less likely to have higher screen time.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de tempo de tela de adolescentes em três diferentes cenários e possíveis associações com sexo, maturação sexual, faixa etária, classe econômica e estado nutricional. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com amostra representativa de 3.979 adolescentes da Grande Curitiba. O tempo de tela (televisão, computador e videogame) foi autorrelatado e categorizado em ≤2h/dia, >2 a ≤4h/dia e >4h/dia. A regressão logística ordinal testou as associações. Resultados: amostra com idade média de 14,60±1,88 anos, formada por 51,2% de meninas.A prevalência de tempo de tela >4h/dia foi de 89,3%. Meninas (OR=0,61; IC95%=0,49-0,76) e os grupos de idade mais velhos ("14 a 16 anos" OR=0,29; IC95%=0,22-0,39 e "17 a 19 anos" OR=0,11; IC95%=0,08-0,16) eram menos propensos a estar nos grupos de maior tempo de tela. Conclusões: o tempo de tela acima de quatro horas parece ser o mais prevalente entre os adolescentes. Meninas e adolescentes mais velhos são menos propensos ao maior tempo de tela.

Time spent in different sedentary activity domains across adolescence: a follow-up study

Abstract Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to verify possible changes in the time spent in sedentary activities occurring as screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation domains in a sample of Brazilian adolescents between 2015 and 2017. Methods: It is a longitudinal prospective study with 586 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old at the Baseline (2015) enrolled in 14 public schools from Curitiba, Brazil. The Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire assessed the time spent in sedentary activities in five domains (recreational screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation). A series of linear random effects regressions analyzed changes in the sedentary time between 2015 and 2017, with p < .05. Results: Overall, 323 adolescents dropped out of the study resulting in a retention rate of 44.9%. The overall sedentary time remained stable from 2015 to 2017 (-3.98 min/day, 95%CI: -15.39; 7.42). The screen-time decreased (-22.22 min/day, 95%CI: -30.30; -14.15), and educational (8.29 min/day, 95% CI: 3.52; 13.06), cultural (3.41 min/day, 95% CI: 0.66; 6.15) and social sedentary activities (8.20 min/day, 95% CI: 2.06; 14.34) increased from 2015 to 2017. Conclusion: Significant reductions in screen-time were evidenced along with increases in time spent on other sedentary activities of educational, cultural, and social nature.

High Blood Pressure in Adolescents of Curitiba: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension is a major public health problem and has increased considerably in young individuals in past years. Thus, identifying factors associated with this condition is important to guide intervention strategies in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine high blood pressure prevalence and its associated factors in adolescents. METHODS: A random sample of 1,242 students enrolled in public schools of the city of Curitiba (PR) was selected. Self-administered questionnaires provided family history of hypertension, daily energy expenditure, smoking habit, daily fat intake, and socioeconomic status. Waist circumference was measured following standardized procedures, and blood pressure was measured with appropriate cuffs in 2 consecutive days to confirm high blood pressure. Relative frequency and confidence interval (95%CI) indicated high blood pressure prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the association of risk factors with high blood pressure. RESULTS: The high blood pressure prevalence was 18.2% (95%CI 15.2-21.6). Individuals whose both parents had hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 2.22; 95%CI 1.28-3.85] and those with high waist circumference (OR, 2.1; 95%CI 1.34-3.28) had higher chances to develop high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Positive family history of hypertension and high waist circumference were associated with high blood pressure in adolescents. These factors are important to guide future interventions in this population.

Atividade física para crianças e jovens: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for children and youth: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

A prática regular de atividade física promove benefícios fisiológicos, psicológicos e sociais na vida de crianças e jovens. Apesar da alta prevalência de jovens que não praticam atividade física em nosso país e de termos uma boa colocação no ranking mundial de produção acadêmica sobre pesquisa na área de atividade física e saúde, ainda não havia sido publicadas as recomendações brasileiras de atividade física. O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em descrever como foi desenvolvido o capítulo para crianças e jovens de 6 a 17 anos do Guia de Atividade Física para População Brasileira e apresentar as principais recomendações para esta faixa etária. A construção do capítulo para crianças e jovens envolveu as seguintes etapas: a) revisão de literatura; b) redação da versão preliminar do capítulo; c) processo de escuta com o público alvo referente ao capítulo e especialistas da área de promoção da atividade física; d) realização de consulta pública e; e) redação da versão final do capítulo. Os tópicos apresentados abordam exemplos de atividades físicas praticadas em diferentes domínios; recomendações para a prática (tipos, intensidade, frequência, duração e as formas que a mesma pode ser estruturada). São apresentadas orientações para jovens, pais/responsáveis e professores sobre como adotar e manter um estilo de vida mais ativo fisicamente, assim como sugestões para reduzir o tempo em comportamento sedentário. A elaboração de um guia nacional de atividade física para a população brasileira foi algo inédito, e resultou de um esforço conjunto entre diversos setores da sociedade

Regular physical activity promotes physiological, psychological and social benefits in the lives of children and adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of young people who do not physically activity in our country, and that we have a good ranking in world academic production on research in the physical activity and health area, Brazilian recommendations for physical activity had not been published until then. The aim of this article was to describe how the chapter for children and young people aged 6-17 years of Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population was developed and to present the main recommendations for this age group. The construction of the chapter for children and young people involved the following steps: a) lit-erature review; b) writing the preliminary version of the chapter; c) listening process of the target audience for the chapter and specialists in the physical activity promoting area; d) public consultation; and e) writing the final version of the chapter. The topics presented cover examples of physical activities practised in different domains; recommendations for practice (types, intensity, frequency, duration and the ways in which it can be structured). Guidance is provided for young people, parents/guardians and teachers about how to adopt and maintain a more physically active lifestyle, as well as suggestions for reducing time in sedentary behaviour. The construction of a national guidelines about physical activity for Brazilian population is something un-precedented, and resulted from a joint effort of several departments of society

Prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school for adolescents / Prevalência e fatores associados ao transporte ativo para a escola em adolescentes

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school (ATS) among Brazilian adolescents attending public schools. METHODS: Crossectional study with a representative sample of 1,984 adolescents (55.9% girls). Sociodemographic variables included were: gender, age, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status. Psychosocial factors included were: social support from parents and friends for physical activity. Walking, cycling, or skateboarding to school were considered models of active transportation. Binary logistic regression models verified sociodemographic and psychosocial factors association with ATS, adopting p < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of active transportation to school was 37.7% (16.2% boys and 21.5% girls). For boys, ATS was associated with: social support from parents in practicing physical activity together as a family (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.09-2.25), giving them rides (OR = 1.56; 95%CI 1.04-2.32), and remarking their good performance on it (OR = 1.73; CI95 1.08-2.76); as well as the social support from friends in practicing physical activity together (OR = 2.23; 95%CI 1.35-3.69). For girls, the likelihood of using ATS increased with age (OR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.06-1.92) and having friends who practice physical activity together with them (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.04-2.10). CONCLUSION: Age and social support for physical activity were associated with ATS. Parents who practice together, give rides, and remark on physical activities increase the likelihood of adolescent boys using ATS. Social support from friends to physical activity increased the likelihood of both genders using ATS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao transporte ativo para a escola em adolescentes brasileiros de escolas públicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com amostra representativa de 1.984 adolescentes (55,9% meninas). Os fatores sociodemográficos incluídos foram sexo, idade, escolaridade dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Os fatores psicossociais incluídos foram apoio social dos pais e dos amigos para a atividade física. Foi considerado transporte ativo o ato de caminhar, pedalar ou usar skate no deslocamento para a escola. Modelos de regressão logística binária verificaram a associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e psicossociais ao transporte ativo para a escola adotando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de transporte ativo para a escola foi de 37,7% (16,2% meninos e 21,5% meninas). Para meninos, o apoio social dos pais ao praticar atividade física junto (RC = 1,57; IC95% 1,09-2,25), transportar para a atividade física (RC = 1,56; IC95% 1,04-2,32) e comentar que o adolescente faz a atividade física bem (RC = 1,73; IC95% 1,08-2,76), assim como o apoio dos amigos ao praticar junto (RC = 2,23; IC95% 1,35-3,69), foram associados ao transporte ativo. Para meninas, a idade (RC = 1,43; IC95% 1,06-1,92) e ter amigos que praticam atividade física junto (RC = 1,48; IC95% 1,04-2,10) aumentaram as chances de transporte ativo para a escola. CONCLUSÃO: A idade e o apoio social para a prática de atividade física foram associados ao transporte ativo para a escola. Pais que praticam junto, transportam e comentam sobre a atividade aumentaram as chances para adolescentes meninos. O apoio social dos amigos para a atividade física aumentou as chances para ambos os sexos.

Correlates of physical activity in adolescents of public schools in curitiba, paraná, brazil / Correlatos da atividade física em adolescentes de escolas públicas de curitiba, paraná

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation, social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347 students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level, social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. Results: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were: nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). Conclusions: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less active.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação do estado nutricional, da maturação biológica, do apoio social e da autoeficácia com o nível de atividade física de 2.347 escolares, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, de escolas estaduais da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Foram coletadas as medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e altura sentada. A avaliação da maturação biológica foi realizada pelas análises da idade do pico de velocidade de altura e maturação sexual. O nível de atividade física, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos e a autoeficácia foram analisados por questionários autorreportados. O estado nutricional foi obtido por meio de pontos de corte de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) específicos para idade e sexo. Razões de chances com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio da regressão logística binária bruta e ajustada, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Pouco mais da metade (52,3%; n=1.227) dos escolares é ativa, sendo os meninos em maior proporção (64,1%; p≤0,01). Foram associados com atividade física: estado nutricional (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,25; IC95% 1,01-1,56), maturação somática precoce (OR 0,71; IC95% 0,54-0,93), moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais (OR 1,85; IC95% 1,50-2,30 e OR 2,70; IC95% 2,11-3,42, respectivamente) e elevado apoio social dos amigos (OR 1,78; IC95% 1,42-2,24). Conclusões: O estado nutricional, a maturação somática precoce, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram correlatos da atividade física. Meninas com excesso de peso e com moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais, e meninos com maior apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram mais ativos, enquanto meninas maturadas precocemente, menos ativas.