Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours: Collaborative study of 32 cases and review of literature.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the occurrence of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours (CEOT) based on biopsy records from different Brazilian geographic regions and to contrast the data with a review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-step study was conducted. Step 1 consisted of a collaborative study of biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2017 at six Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. Evaluation of 86,268 biopsy records was performed. Demographic and histopathological diagnosis data were assessed. In Step 2, a review of the literature of case reports and cases series of CEOT identified across five electronic databases was conducted. RESULTS: In the collaborative study, 32 cases of CEOT were evaluated. This figure represented 0.03% of the oral and maxillofacial lesions and 1.7% of all odontogenic tumours across the centres. Women in the fourth decade of life were more affected. CEOT occurred more in the mandible than in the maxilla (ratio 1.9:1). The review of the literature showed that Asian individuals were more affected by this neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Useful knowledge on the epidemiology, treatment and follow-up of CEOT has been provided. Demographic data and clinical features of the cases presented in this collaborative study were quite similar to those of studies reported worldwide.

A multicentre study of 268 cases of calcifying odontogenic cysts and a literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) that have been submitted for microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil and to compare it with literature data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2016 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,350 biopsy specimens were analysed. Demographic data and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated descriptively and statistically. In addition, a literature review of case series was carried out in four electronic databases. RESULTS: A total of 268 cases of COC were surveyed, representing 0.1% of the oral lesions at the centres studied. Female patients in their second decade of life and the maxilla were more affected. The mean lesion size of symptomatic individuals was larger than that of cases without symptoms (p = 0.026). The literature review showed a higher frequency in Asia and Europe, mainly affecting men in the third decade of life. CONCLUSIONS: COC is a rare lesion. Novel data on the clinicopathological features of 268 cases have been added to the literature. Data regarding gender and age of the Brazilian patients reported herein contrast with findings of case series and retrospective studies reported elsewhere.

A retrospective multicentre study of cystic lesions and odontogenic tumours in older people.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and some characteristics of odontogenic tumours, odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts in an elderly population (≥60 years). BACKGROUND: Few studies describe the distribution of oral lesions in older people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of four Brazilian referral centres between 2000 and 2016. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, symptomatology and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorised. Statistical analyses were performed adopting a P-value of ≤.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: A total of 7259 biopsy records of elderly participants were analysed; 642 cases were cystic lesions and odontogenic tumours, 491 of which being classified as odontogenic cysts (76.5%), 75 as odontogenic tumours (11.7%) and 76 as non-odontogenic cysts (11.8%). The most frequent lesions in each group were radicular cyst (n = 268), ameloblastoma (n = 51) and salivary duct cyst (n = 21), respectively. Overall, women were more affected (n = 351, mean age: 68 years). Intraosseous lesions were more common in the mandible (n = 342), and soft tissue cysts occurred more in the lip (n = 13). CONCLUSION: Odontogenic cysts were relatively common, whereas odontogenic tumours and non-odontogenic cysts were rarer among the older people studied in the present investigation.

ConA and UEA-I lectin histochemistry of parotid gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) corresponds to 5-12% of all salivary gland tumours, and is classified as low, intermediate or high grade. Traditionally, immunohistochemistry was considered as the complementary tool for diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasia. Lectin histochemistry has also been increasingly used in recent years. In this work, lectins were used as histochemical markers for normal and transformed parotid glands. Biopsy specimens of 15 cases diagnosed as MEC (low, intermediate and high grade) of the parotid gland were trypsin- and methanol-H(2)O(2)-treated and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A-HRP) and Ulex europeus I (UEA-I-HRP). Con A stained the neoplasic cells of MEC (all grades). In high and intermediate cases, ductal cells were weakly stained by Con A. UEA-I weakly stained normal cells of the excretory duct and neoplasic cells in high grade. Neoplasic cells in intermediate grade were moderately stained and in low grade, the cell membrane was intensely stained with UEA-I. Stroma presented a direct relation between malignancy and staining intensity for UEA-I. The results indicated that lectin histochemistry distinguished the cell biology among histological grades of MEC.

Clinical and histopathologic study of the use of gangliosides for nerve regeneration in rats after axonotmesis.

PURPOSE: This study involved a clinical and histopathologic evaluation of the use of gangliosides in nerve regeneration, using an experimental model with higher vertebrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty Sprague Dawley rats had their right sciatic nerve crushed for 1 minute in a hemostatic tweezer. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups. The animals in the experimental group received an intramuscular injection of gangliosides in the left thigh for 25 days, whereas those in the control group received infiltrations of distilled water. A clinical evaluation of gait was made 24 hours and then 45 days after the surgical intervention, and a histopathologic evaluation of the sciatic nerves was performed after 45 days. RESULTS: There were no signs that the use of gangliosides significantly altered the animals' gait after 45 days. The animals in the experimental group had a greater frequency and intensity of inflammatory response than seen in the control group. CONCLUSION: The systemic use of gangliosides produced no improvement in gait and led to a more frequent and intense inflammatory response at the site of injury.

Histochemical Localization of Carbohydrates in Morphological Stages of Developing Human Minor Salivary Glands: A Comparative Study with Cytoskeletal Markers / Localización Histoquímica de Carbohidratos en el Desarrollo de Glándulas Salivales Menores Humanas: un Estudio Comparativo con los Marcadores del Citoesqueleto

Carbohydrates play a critical role in many cellular processes like disease, growth and development. In this work lectins, proteins that recognizes carbohydrate free or conjugated, were used as histochemical probes for carbohydrates localization in developing human minor salivary gland. Immunohistochemistry for traditional cytoskeleton markers (Cks 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, SMA and Vimentin) was performed and then compared whit lectin histochemistry for PNA, WGA, ConA and UEA-I, specifics for D-galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, glucose/mannose and L-fucose respectively. For this, specimens were obtained from tongues and lips of 15 human foetuses at 10-28 weeks of gestation. None of immune cytoskeleton markers were identified in the first stage of development differing from carbohydrate markers. UEA-I, WGA and PNA recognized their specific carbohydrate residues in all stages analyzed varying the staining intensity and cell types. Ck8 and N-acetyl-glucosamine were expressed in canalicular, branching and cytodifferentiation stages while SMA and glucose/mannose were observed in the cytodifferentiation stage one. ConA only recognized myoepithelial cells on cytodifferentiation stages because of this specificity ConA could be used as biomarker of myoepithelial cells on cytodifferentiation. Lectin histochemistry suggests that L-fucose, D-galactose e N-acetyl-glucosamine are intensily and previously expressed than traditional cytoskeletal markers in human minor salivary gland during development.

Los hidratos de carbono tienen un papel crítico en muchos procesos celulares, como la enfermedad, el crecimiento y el desarrollo. Fueron utilizadasas lectinas, proteínas que reconocen los hidratos de carbono libres o conjugados, como sondas de localización histoquímica de los carbohidratos en el desarrollo humano de la glándula salival menor. Se realizó inmunohistoquímica de los marcadores tradicionales del citoesqueleto (CKs 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, SMA y vimentina) y posterior comparación con la histoquímica de lectinas para PNA, WGA, ConA y la UEA-I, específicas para D-galactosa, N-acetil-glucosamina, glucosa/manosa y L-fucosa, respectivamente. Para ello, se obtuvieron muestras de la lengua y de los labios de 15 fetos humanos entre 10-28 semanas de gestación. Ninguno de los marcadores inmunológicos del citoesqueleto se identificaron en la primera etapa del desarrollo, diferente de los marcadores de hidratos de carbono. UEA-I, WGA y PNA reconocen sus residuos específicos de hidratos de carbono en todas las etapas analizadas variando la intensidad de la tinción y los tipos de células. CK8 y N-acetil-glucosamina se expresaron en etapas de canalización, ramificación y citodiferenciación mientras que SMA y la glucosa/manosa se observaron solamente en la etapa de citodiferenciación. ConA sólo se reconoció en las células mioepiteliales en etapas de citodiferenciación. Así, debido a esta especificidad, ConA podría utilizarse como marcador biológico de las células mioepiteliales en la citodiferenciación. La histoquímica de lectinas sugiere que L-fucosa, D-galactosa y N-acetil-glucosamina son intensamente expresadas durante el desarrollo como los marcadores tradicionales del citoesqueleto humanos en las glándulas salivales menores .

Avaliação da superexpressão da proteína p53 e das mutações no éxon 8 do gene TP53 em carcinomas mamários caninos e glândulas normais / Evaluation of immunohistochemical over expression of p53 protein and of mutations in exon 8 of Tp53 gene in canine mammary carcinomas and normal mammary glands

This study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the p53 expression, applying the immunohistochemical technique to malignant primary mammary neoplasms histopathologically diagnosed in female dogs, and to investigate exon 8 of the Tp53 suppressor gene for mutation types by means of PCR-RFLP pattern of bands. Nineteen healthy mammary glands were used as a control group (group 1). Samples from 18 cases diagnosed with malignant mammary tumors (group 2), and the contralateral mammary glands (group 3) were collected during the UFRPE Veterinary Hospital routine. The tumors were diagnosed by histopathology and subdivided into grades of malignity. The streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method was used to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of p53, evaluated according to the location and intensity of stain. Expression of p53 protein was not observed in the samples of group 1. On the contrary, it was observed in all malignant tumors; the protein p53 was localized either only in the nucleus or in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, in samples of group 2. In group 3, expression of p53 protein was observed in the tumors (2 samples) and in normal mammary tissues (4 samples). For the molecular analyses, genomic DNA was extracted and submitted to PCR-RFLP with the following endonuclease enzymes: AluI, BsoBI, DdeI and SmaI. The band pattern showed polymorphism between groups, but not between histological variants of tumors. This polymorphism detected mutations in the fragment studied - exon 8 of Tp53 - which could account for changes in nucleotides, located in the restriction sites of the endonuclease enzymes. In conclusion, the immunoexpression of p53 had no relationship with histological subtype or malignity grade, but it can be related to the presence of mammary tumors in female dogs. The PCR-RFLP technique can be an important tool for the study of mammary carcinogenesis in bitches because the polymorphism obtained may allow early diagnosis in tissues of mammary glands.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a expressão da proteína p53, pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica, em neoplasmas mamários malignos em cadelas, além de investigar mutações no éxon 8 do gene supressor Tp53 por meio do padrão de bandas obtidas por PCR-RFLP. Dezenove mamas de cadelas saudáveis foram usadas como controle (Grupo 1). Amostras de 18 casos de tumores malignos (Grupo 2) e suas glândulas mamárias contralaterais (Grupo 3) foram obtidas na rotina do Hospital Veterinário da UFRPE. Os tumores foram identificados histologicamente e classificados em graus de malignidade. O método da estreptoavidina-biotina peroxidase foi utilizado para a análise da expressão de p53 por imuno-histoquímica, de acordo com a localização e intensidade da coloração. A expressão da proteína p53 não foi observada nas amostras do Grupo 1, mas foi encontrada em todas as amostras de tumores malignos (Grupo 2) seja só no núcleo, ou também no citoplasma. No Grupo 3, a expressão foi observada em quatro amostras normais e em duas que apresentavam tumor. Para a análise molecular, o DNA genômico foi extraído e submetido à PCR-RFLP com as seguintes endonucleases: AluI, BsoBI, DdeI e SmaI. O padrão de bandas foi polimórfico entre os grupos, mas não entre as variantes tumorais. Esse polimorfismo detectou mutações no fragmento estudado - éxon 8 do gene Tp53 - que podem resultar em alterações nos nucleotídeos, localizados nos sítios de restrição das enzimas. Esses achados levam a conclusão de que a imunoexpressão da p53 não tem relação com o subtipo histológico ou grau de malignidade do tumor, mas sim com a presença dos tumores no tecido mamário de cadelas. A PCR-RFLP pode ser usada como importante ferramenta para o estudo da carcinogênese mamária na cadela, possibilitando gerar diagnósticos precoces através do polimorfismo obtido com endonucleases de restrição pré-selecionadas.