[First experience of using positron emission tomography with 11C-choline in prostate cancer (PC)].

Introduction into clinical practice of combined positron emission technology and computer tomography (PET/CT) allows in one study to identify structural and functional abnormalities. The study involves 32 patients who underwent PET/CT with "C-choline, including 5 patients with prostate cancer (PC), 3--with chronic prostatitis and 24--with biochemical PC recurrence. PET/CT with 11C-choline has a high diagnostic efficacy in detection of local recurrence and PC metastases in patients with biochemical PC recurrence. The results of visual analysis do not permit to distinguish PC from benign prostate diseases.

[The application of nuclear medicine imaging in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry].

Analysis of use of nuclear medicine imaging (positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy of central nervous system diseases is presented in this review. The possibility of radionuclide imaging techniques in different variants of dementia, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors is demonstrated on the basis of personal authors experience and recent literature data. Results of PET application in evaluating of the effecacy of stereotactic interventions in patients with anxiety obsessive disorders are also described in the review.

[Positron emission tomography with 18-fluorine deoxyglucose in the diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer].

Results of PET studies using 18-fluorine deoxyglucose (18-FDG) in patients with large-size masses (51) are discussed. Histologically-confirmed prostate cancer was diagnosed in 36 (70.5%), benign hyperplasia--12 (23.5%) and chronic prostatitis--3(6%). 18FDG PET was conducted as whole body irradiation. Our results established its high predictive significance in identifying the scope of tumor involvement. However, the latter's potential is limited in diagnosis of primary tumor node due to low rate of glycolysis in it.

[Current possibilities of radiodiagnosis in liver tumors].

The report deals with potential of present-day techniques for radiological imaging, differential diagnosis and working out of modalities of treatment for primary and metastatic hepatic tumors. Results of complex examination (ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET using fluorine -18 FDG) of patients with benign and malignant tumors are discussed. Sensitivity and specificity of each procedure have been identified to be used in diagnosis of large-size tumors.

[Positron emission tomography in oncourology].

The authors present the results of the examination of 61 patients with genitourinary space-occupying lesions, using 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in whole body mode. In all cases the diagnosis was verified morphologically. The results demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy of PET, including possibility to determine the extent of oncourological cancer. However, the method displays poor efficacy in cases of hypernephroid cancer due to low level of glycolysis in this type of tumor.

[Liver pathology in patients with primary hemochromatosis--homozygous carriers of C282Y mutation ]. / Patologiia pecheni u bol'nykh pervichnym gemokhromatozom--gomozigotnykh nositelei C282y-mutatsii.

Liver pathology was studied in 3 patients with primary chemochromatosis. In two cases so-called iron free foci with signs of hepatocytes with feature of dysplasia were found. Many siderosomes were found ultrastructurally in the cytoplasma of hepatocytes. Histological markers of virus infection were absent in a patient with positive serum HbsAg and HCV-Ab. Alcohol did not produce typical histological changes. In this case grave liver reticuloendothelial hemosiderosis typical for secondary hemochromatosis and overloading with iron of spleen pulp according to MR imaging were observed.

[The role of positron emission tomography with C18-Fluorodeoxyglucose in clinical oncology]. / Primenenie pozitronnoi émissionnoi tomografii C18-F-ftordezokcilgliukozoi v klinicheskoi onkologii.

The study was concerned with evaluation of the diagnostic potential of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-FDG in clinical oncology and elucidation of its role in assessing therapy effectiveness. The Ecat Exact 47 and Ecat Exat HR+ (Siemens) insatllations were used to examine 674 patients, with Whole Body protocol used in 585. PET with 18-FDG proved highly effective in diagnosing malignancies of the breast, lung, liver, pancreas, testis, brain and lymphoma as well as evaluating the efficacy of therapy.

[Use of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficiency of treatment for resistant anxiety-obsessive disorders].

The purpose of the investigation was to study the capacities of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficiency of treatment for resistant anxiety-obsessive disorders (AOD). 18F-FDG PET was performed in 21 patients with AOD. In 17 cases, the studies were made before and after therapy. Fourteen patients underwent stereotactic surgical intervention. Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET showed that the patients with AOD had hypermetabolism in the cingulated gyri, caudate nuclei, and thalamus in 7, 8, and 6 cases, respectively. A varying clinical improvement (by the Y-OCS and Spilberger scales) was observed in all the examinees after complex or drug treatment throughout the follow-up. According to the data of PET, these patients were observed to have significantly reduced metabolism of glucose in the anterior cingulated guri and its increased metabolism in the heads of the caudate nuclei and thalamus. The metabolic changes detected by PET are strongly and moderately correlated with the pattern of a clinical picture (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 18F-FDG PET makes it possible to provide more accurate insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of AOD, to objectify the choice of targeted intracerebral structures in order to perform stereotactic neurosurgical interventions, and to optimize drug therapy and to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment performed in early periods.

[Twelve years' clinical experience in using positron emission tomography: advances and prospects].

The paper describes 12 years' experience in using positron emission tomography (PET) at the Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies to detect cancer, cardiac, and psychoneurological diseases, to make their differential diagnosis, and to evaluate the efficiency of their treatment. It shows the capacities of PET using various radiopharmaceutical agents in a broad spectrum of the above abnormalities and defines prospects for further development of the technique.

[The structural and functional neurovisualization in patients with epileptic seizures in cerebro-vascular diseases].

The results of the dynamic study of patients with epileptic seizures in chronic and acute cerebral vascular pathology are presented. Various methods of structural and functional neurovisualization--magnetic resonance tomography using perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography were used. Based on the results obtained in the study, the authors discuss etiopathogenetic variants of the development of these seizures and new possible approaches to the complex treatment besides the administration of antiepileptic medications.

[Assessment of 18FDG PET for diagnosis of pancreatic tumors]. / Vozmozhnosti PET s 18F-FDG dlia diagnostiki opukholei podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The paper examines the informational value of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18FDG in the diagnosis of malignant of neoplasms of the pancreas and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic involvement. Forty-four patients (26 males and 18 females whose age ranged from 28 to 60 years) with histologically verified cancer of the pancreas were examined. The study was conducted in the whole body mode on an Ecat Exact 47 positron emission tomograph following 70-90 minutes of administration of 18FDG, 370-420 MBk. To assess the findings, the differential accumulation ratio (DAR) of formation/liver was calculated. The mean DAR in patients with benign and malignant pancreatic tumors was 1.17 +/- 0.064 and 4.90 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.05). There was a false positive case in a patient with an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis in the study. A relationship was observed between the level of tumor tissue 18FDG capture and the degree of malignancy. PET scanning in the whole body mode estimates the extent of a tumorous process. The authors' data show that the liver was most commonly involved in a metastatic process (96.6%). Hence, 18FDG PET is a highly informative technique in the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic tumors and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic process and permits a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors.