Evaluation of the effect of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity: multicenter comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the two most performed techniques in bariatric surgery. The aim of this study is to compare two surgical procedures in terms of weight loss and the development of comorbidities such as type II diabetes mellitus T2D, arterial hypertension, sleep apnea (OSAS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Data from the German Bariatric Surgery Registry (GBSR) from 2005 to 2021 were used. 1,392 RYGB and 1,132 SG primary surgery patients were included. Minimum age 18 years; five-year follow-up data available. Tests were performed with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Loss of follow-up 95.41% within five years. Five years after surgery, the RYGB showed significant advantages in terms of excess weight loss (%EWL 64.2% vs. 56.9%) and remission rates of the studied comorbidities: hypertension (54.4% vs. 47.8%), OSAS (64.5% vs. 50.1%), and GERD (86.1% vs. 66.9%). Compared to the pre-test, individuals diagnosed with insulin-dependent T2D showed significant improvements with RYGB over a five-year period (remission rate: 75% vs. 63%). In contrast, non-insulin-dependent T2D showed no significant difference between the two approaches (p = 0.125). CONCLUSION: Both surgical procedures resulted in significant weight loss and improved comorbidities. However, the improvement in comorbidities was significantly greater in patients who underwent RYGB than in those who underwent SG, suggesting that the RYGB technique is preferable. Nevertheless, RYGB requires a high degree of surgical skill. Therefore, acquiring expertise in the technical facets of the surgery is essential to achieving favorable outcomes.

[Value and Role of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery in the Study of Human Medicine, Academic Teaching and Advanced Training]. / Bedeutung der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie im humanmedizinischen Studium, in der akademischen Lehre und Weiterbildung.

In teaching, obesity and metabolic surgery play only a limited role. However, due to the rapidly increasing number of surgical interventions, communication of knowledge in the study of human medicine as well as in gastroenterological and surgical residency (general and abdominal surgery) is required.Narrative review. · Currently, lectures on obesity and metabolic surgery do not belong to the current surgical curriculum of human medicine at all University Medical Schools, which needs to be absolutely established step by step - based on their topicality and importance in the clinical spectrum of clinical care.. · This rapidly developing special area of abdominal surgery is characterized by specific and diverse interdisciplinarity.. · Multimorbidity, changes in resorption mechanisms but also psychological changes have a substantial impact on the indication and patient outcome.. · The increase in endoscopic, surgical and also robotic interventions and surgical methods in this special field requires a broad knowledge of all surgical disciplines in intervention preparation, perioperative and follow-up management of obesity-associated basic diagnosis. This objective is important even in the study of human medicine and further advanced training.. The inclusion of such complex contents on obesity and metabolic surgery into surgical teaching and into residency of general and abdominal surgery is essential to be future-oriented and prepared for the development of the discipline.

Current status of metabolic surgery in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and obesity: a nationwide multicenter study.

PURPOSE: While obesity is prevalent among patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the effects of metabolic surgery on patients with T1DM have not been adequately investigated. The study aims to investigate the perioperative outcomes and the improvement of comorbidity 1 year following metabolic surgery amongst this patient population. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on patients with T1DM and insulin resistance. RESULTS: One hundred forty-nine patients (SG n = 91 and RYGB n = 58) with obesity, T1DM, and insulin resistance were analyzed. There was no significant difference in BMI reduction and %EWL 1 year after surgery between the two groups. In the SG group, BMI reduction was 6.5 kg/m2 versus 5.9 kg/m2 in the RYGB group (p=0.406). The %EWL was 68.2 ± 25.2 in the RYGB group and 64.3 ± 21.5 in SG (p=0.332). There was also no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups (14.9 ± 5.4 kg in SG vs. 14.2 ± 7 kg in RYGB; p=0.548). In all patients, insulin requirements decreased after surgery, and in 22% of patients, insulin requirements were equivalent to those of normal-weight individuals. There was a significantly higher rate of remission of reflux in RYGB patients than in SG patients (94·44% vs 29·41; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with obesity and T1DM may benefit from metabolic surgery. Both methods produce satisfactory results in this group of patients regarding daily insulin requirements and treatment of obesity-related diseases. However, the decision of which procedure should be carried out still depends on the patient's general condition and the surgeon's technical ability.

The Role of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) and Its Waist-Hip-Ratio-Associated Locus rs4646404 in Obesity-Related Metabolic Traits and Liver Disease.

In previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic loci associated with obesity and impaired fat distribution (FD) have been identified. In the present study, we elucidated the role of the PEMT gene, including the waist-hip-ratio-associated single nucleotide polymorphism rs4646404, and its influence on obesity-related metabolic traits. DNA from 2926 metabolically well-characterized subjects was used for genotyping. PEMT expression was analyzed in paired visceral (vis) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue (AT) from a subset of 574 individuals. Additionally, PEMT expression was examined in vis, sc AT and liver tissue in a separate cohort of 64 patients with morbid obesity and liver disease. An in vitro Pemt knockdown was conducted in murine epididymal and inguinal adipocytes. Our findings highlight tissue-specific variations in PEMT mRNA expression across the three studied tissues. Specifically, vis PEMT mRNA levels correlated significantly with T2D and were implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in contrast to liver tissue, where no significant associations were found. Moreover, sc PEMT expression showed significant correlations with several anthropometric- and metabolic-related parameters. The rs4646404 was associated with vis AT PEMT expression and also with diabetes-related traits. Our in vitro experiments supported the influence of PEMT on adipogenesis, emphasizing its role in AT biology. In summary, our data suggest that PEMT plays a role in regulating FD and has implications in metabolic diseases.

Metabolic Effects of the Waist-To-Hip Ratio Associated Locus GRB14/COBLL1 Are Related to GRB14 Expression in Adipose Tissue.

GRB14/COBLL1 locus has been shown to be associated with body fat distribution (FD), but neither the causal gene nor its role in metabolic diseases has been elucidated. We hypothesize that GRB14/COBLL1 may act as the causal genes for FD-related SNPs (rs10195252 and rs6738627), and that they may be regulated by SNP to effect obesity-related metabolic traits. We genotyped rs10195252 and rs6738627 in 2860 subjects with metabolic phenotypes. In a subgroup of 560 subjects, we analyzed GRB14/COBLL1 gene expression in paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) samples. Mediation analyses were used to determine the causal relationship between SNPs, AT GRB14/COBLL1 mRNA expression, and obesity-related traits. In vitro gene knockdown of Grb14/Cobll1 was used to test their role in adipogenesis. Both gene expressions in AT are correlated with waist circumference. Visceral GRB14 mRNA expression is associated with FPG and HbA1c. Both SNPs are associated with triglycerides, FPG, and leptin levels. Rs10195252 is associated with HbA1c and seems to be mediated by visceral AT GRB14 mRNA expression. Our data support the role of the GRB14/COBLL1 gene expression in body FD and its locus in metabolic sequelae: in particular, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which is likely mediated by AT GRB14 transcript levels.

Adipsin Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in People with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

(1) Adipsin is an adipokine that may link increased fat mass and adipose tissue dysfunction to obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether adipsin serum concentrations and adipose tissue (AT) adipsin mRNA expression are related to parameters of AT function, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). (2) Methods: A cohort of 637 individuals with a wide range of age and body weight (Age: 18-85 years; BMI: 19-70 kg/m2) with (n = 237) or without (n = 400) T2D was analyzed for serum adipsin concentrations by ELISA and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipsin mRNA expression by RT-PCR. (3) Results: Adipsin serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with T2D compared to normoglycemic individuals. We found significant positive univariate relationships of adipsin serum concentrations with age (r = 0.282, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.264, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.136, p = 0.006) and leptin serum concentrations (r = 0.362, p < 0.001). Neither VAT nor SAT adipsin mRNA expression correlated with adipsin serum concentrations after adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Independent of T2D status, we found significantly higher adipsin expression in SAT compared to VAT (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that adipsin serum concentrations are strongly related to obesity and age. However, neither circulating adipsin nor adipsin AT expression reflects parameters of impaired glucose or lipid metabolism in patients with obesity with or without T2D.

Transition of care in a case of obesity with metabolic surgery.

The World Health Summit 2011 confirmed the epidemic-like occurrence of diabetes mellitus and obesity. In Germany, 62.7 % and 21.9 % of the population have a BMI of more than 25 kg/m² and more than 30 kg/m2, respectively. Currently, 10.5 obese people per 100 000 German inhabitants undergo bariatric surgery, while 86 and 114.8 per 100 000 in France and in Sweden, respectively, favor bariatric surgical interventions. AIM: By means of a scientific case report, the instructive case of a young patient with morbid obesity is illustrated based on 1) selective references from the medical literature and 2) insights from the daily clinical practice in the case-specific medical and perioperative management after successful surgery for malformation in his childhood and, thus, the limited therapeutic options of metabolic surgery. CASE REPORT (CASE-, DIAGNOSTIC-, AND TREATMENT-SPECIFIC ASPECTS): 35-year-old patient with morbid obesity. Medical history: Status after surgical intervention for gastroschisis as a newborn (surgery report not available). Clinical findings: Super obesity characterized by 234 kg and 174 cm (→ BMI: 77.3 kg/m²), hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Approach & course: · Initial treatment with gastric balloon followed by a weight reduction of 46 kg within the first 6 months; however, despite weight reduction, development of an insulin-dependent diabetes with insulin resistance from a diet-based diabetes;. · Repeat gastric balloon therapy for "bridging" but with no further weight reduction despite additional administration of GLP-1 analogues.. · Surgical intervention: Removal of the balloon - termination because of excessive adhesions to the liver and spleen as well as filiforme hepatic lesions (histopathology: liver hamartoma). Open surgery: extensive adhesiolysis because of previous pediatric surgery for gastroschisis, including associated non-rotation of the intestine with complete right-sided position of the intestine (left side: colon; right flexure: at infralienal position) prompting single-anastomosis duodeno-ileostomy (SADI)-procedure, leaving the stomach in situ with simultaneous cholecystectomy and herniotomy in sublay technique.. Outcome (early postoperative and mid- to long-term): The patient tolerated the intervention well. Postoperative course was uneventful with regard to mobilization, beginning of oral nutrition, and wound healing; there was a subsequent weight reduction due to a "common channel" of 250 cm. CONCLUSION: While the increase of obesity prevalence in adults has currently stopped, incidence in children and teenagers is rapidly rising. The consequence might be that children and young adults who have undergone bariatric surgery in childhood and adolescence can develop complications from these former interventions as adults. Therefore, it is reasonable to recommend follow-up investigations within specialized centers according to well-established standards. On the other hand, the increasing prevalence of obesity in childhood leads to the possibility that adults who underwent pediatric surgery because of embryonal malformations may require an appointment with a bariatric surgeon at some point. For these patients (as a representative example of the transition of care phenomenon), the risk of metabolic surgical intervention is increased; such operations require the appropriate knowledge and expertise of the bariatric surgeon on embryonal malformations and their approach by pediatric surgery.

[Current Endoscopic Methods in Bariatric Surgery]. / Aktuelle endoskopische Methoden in der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie.

The 2011 World Health Summit reported the epidemics of diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity. In Germany, 62.7% of the population have a BMI above 25 kg/m² and 21.9% above 30 kg/m². 10.5 patients per 100,000 inhabitants were treated with metabolic surgery, whereas in France 86.0 and in Sweden 114.8 patients per 100,000 inhabitants were given surgery. The development of endoscopic methods leads to the opportunity to bridge patients with a high risk profile before operation. Endoscopy is an excellent procedure with few complications. However, these methods need a selective and specialised concept of treatment. Endoscopy in metabolic surgery requires expertise in both endoscopy and in the techniques of metabolic surgery. The aim of the present paper is to report the new methods of endoscopy in the treatment of obese patients, on the basis of the literature and our own experience.

[Pregnancy after Obesity and Metabolic Surgery - Risks and Complications]. / Schwangerschaft nach Adipositas- und metabolischer Chirurgie ­ spezielle Risiken und mögliche Komplikationen.

The increasing prevalence of morbid obesity in Germany is associated with an increasing number of metabolic surgical interventions. Short-term surgical and long-term metabolic complications - such as nutrient deficiencies - are the main risks of metabolic surgery and the resulting malabsorption. Obesity, especially morbid obesity, is associated with a high incidence of female infertility. One important cause of female infertility in obese women is the polycystic ovary syndrome, with 6 - 10%. Metabolic surgery significantly increases the fertility of obese women. The positive effect of obesity surgery on weight loss, remission of comorbidities, psychological outcome and fertility (in comparison with the effect of conservative treatment) has led to an increase in the number of metabolic operations. Nutrient deficiencies after restrictive, combined and malabsorptive procedures must be considered. Prophylaxis of these deficiencies during pregnancy after obesity surgery must be based on intensive interdisciplinary treatment. The aim of this overview is to characterise the metabolic complications and their prophylaxis, which are specific for the various bariatric procedures and which, subsequently, require temporary or permanent surveillance and supplementation.

[Roux-Y-Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity in Adolescents: Is it as Safe and Effective as in Obese Adults?] / Der Roux-Y-Magenbypass zur Therapie der Adipositas bei Jugendlichen: Analyse des Gewichtsverlaufs und des Einflusses auf Komorbiditäten im Vergleich zu adipösen Erwachsenen.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. There is also an increasing incidence of obesity in adolescents. Bariatric surgery has been proven safe and effective in obese adults. In adolescents, these operations are still subject to controversy. Current evidence is limited regarding its safety and outcome in this age group. METHODS: Within the German Bariatric Surgery Registry, data from obese patients that underwent bariatric procedures in Germany are prospectively registered. The current analysis includes all adolescent and adult subjects that underwent primary Roux-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery from 2005 to 2014. RESULTS: Overall, 370 adolescents (≤ 21 years) and 16,840 obese adults were enrolled. In 2014, RYGB was the second most common bariatric procedure in Germany. In the adolescent group, initial BMI was higher (49.2 vs. 47.9 kg/m2, p < 0.01); the proportion of associated comorbidities was lower (67.8 vs. 87.4%, p < 0.01). Operation time (104.9 vs. 113.0 min, p < 0.01) and hospital stay (5.2 vs. 5.9 days; p < 0.01) differed significantly between both groups. The leakage rate in adults was 1.6%; none of the adolescents experienced a postoperative anastomotic leak (p = 0.04). No mortalities were reported in adolescents; the mortality rate in adults was 0.2%. The mean percentage of excess weight loss (% EWL) did not differ between both groups at 12 (69.9 vs. 68.2%; p = 0.97) and 24 months (72.6 vs. 72.1% p = 1.0). The remission rate for hypertension was higher in the adolescent group. CONCLUSION: RYGB can be performed in obese adolescents with lower morbidity and mortality. Despite all limitations of a multicentre registry and the low follow-up rate, the results show that weight change and resolution of comorbidities in the short term were at least comparable to those achieved in adults. The evaluation of safety and efficiency in the long run should now be in the focus of future studies.

Results of More Than 11,800 Sleeve Gastrectomies: Data Analysis of the German Bariatric Surgery Registry.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an upcoming procedure in bariatric surgery and is currently performed worldwide. Staple line leakage, as the most frequent and most feared complication, is still a major concern. METHODS: Since 2005 data from patients undergoing bariatric procedures in Germany have been prospectively registered in an online database and analyzed. All patients who had undergone primary SG within a 7-year period were considered for analysis. RESULTS: Using the German Bariatric Surgery Registry, data from more than 11,800 SGs were collected between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2013. Staple line leak rate decreased from 6.5% to 1.4%. Male sex, higher body mass index, concomitant sleep apnea, conversion to laparotomy, longer operation time, a combination of buttresses and oversewing, and the occurrence of intraoperative complications were associated with a significantly higher leakage rate compared with when using either buttresses or oversewing alone. On multivariable analysis, operation time and year of procedure only had a significant impact on staple line leakage rate. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the growing experience a constant decrease in the leakage rate after SG has been observed. Staple line disruption may still lead to sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction, and increased mortality. The results of the current study demonstrated that there are factors that increase the risk of leakage and which would enable surgeons to define risk groups, select patients more carefully, and offer closer follow-up during the postoperative course with early recognition and adequate treatment.

Depressive Symptoms among Bariatric Surgery Candidates: Associations with Stigmatization and Weight and Shape Concern.

Bariatric surgery candidates (BSC) are a highly vulnerable group for mental health impairments. According to the theoretical model of weight stigma, weight-related experienced stigmatization (ES) negatively influences mental health through weight bias internalization (WBI). This study tested this model among BSC and investigated whether this association depends on a negative body image in terms of weight and shape concern as a potential moderator. As part of a German multicenter study, ES, WBI, weight and shape concern, and depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report questionnaires among n = 854 BSC. Simple and moderated mediation analyses were applied to analyze whether WBI influences the relationship between ES and depressive symptoms, and whether this influence depends on weight and shape concern. WBI significantly mediated the relationship between ES and depressive symptoms by partially reducing the association of ES with depressive symptoms. Weight and shape concern emerged as significant moderators in the overall model and specifically for associations between WBI and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that the association between ES and depressive symptoms among BSC is stronger in those with high WBI. This association is strengthened by weight and shape concern, especially at low and mean levels. Studies evaluating longitudinal associations between weight-related stigmatization and mental health are indicated, as well as intervention studies targeting WBI in order to reduce adverse effects of ES on mental health in BSC.

Long- and short-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in 7755 patients with obesity and comorbidities.

BACKGROUND: Although there is extensive literature on the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), debate continues regarding their long-term effects on comorbidities and weight development. Therefore, both interventions continue to be the subject of scientific studies. METHODS: Weight changes, obesity-related diseases, and perioperative events are compared after both procedures. Patient data were entered into the German Bariatric Surgery Registry (GBSR). A follow-up of three years was performed. Any P value ≤0.05 indicates a significant difference. RESULTS: Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-five patients were followed for three years (SG=3791, RYGB=3964). Excess weight loss was 61.9 in SG and 69.5 in RYGB (P<0.001). BMI reduction was not significantly different (P=0.638) between the two groups. RYGB was significantly associated with remission of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (P=0.024), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (P=0.002), hypertension (P<0.001), sleep apnea (P<0.001) and reflux disease (GERD) (P<0.001), and a lower incidence of bleeding requiring surgical intervention (P<0.001). The SG was associated with a lower incidence of anastomotic stenosis and ileus (P=0.006 and<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both SG and RYGB reduce comorbidity and weight. However, RYGB is associated with a higher %EWL and remission rate of obesity-associated diseases than SG. However, it remains to be seen whether the outcomes of the two interventions are similar after a more extended follow-up period.

The effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared with omega-loop gastric bypass on weight loss, perioperative surgical events, and comorbidities.

BACKGROUND: In comparison to conservative therapy, bariatric surgery has shown many reasonable results. The current study investigates whether Omega-loop-gastric-bypass (OAGB) or Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass (RYGB) improves weight loss, comorbidities, and perioperative complications. METHODS: The study included 28,683 patients after RYGB and OAGB. Outcome criteria were perioperative morbidity, perioperative complications, and remission of comorbidities after one year of follow-up. RESULTS: Of them 14,253 patients had completed a one-year follow-up (13,483 patients by RYGB and 770 by OAGB). BMI reduction was a significant difference in favor of OAGB (17.5±5.6 kg/m2 for OAGB vs. 15.2±5.0 for RYGB; P<0.001). The %EWL was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.073). There was also no significant difference in perioperative complications between the two groups (overall P>5%). Significant differences in favor of OAGB were observed in remission of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (P<0.001), and sleep apnea (P=0.002). Remission of reflux was more observed in RYGB than OAGB (P<0.001). Operating time was significantly higher in RYGB than OAGB (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with RYGB, OAGB showed significant advantages in many respects. In particular, remission of comorbidities was significantly better after OAGB than in patients after RYGB during the one-year follow-up period. Nevertheless, many other factors such as medical history, long-term expected goals of bariatric surgery, and preexisting comorbidities should be taken into account when determining indications between the two procedures. Further studies with longer follow-up periods should be conducted to determine the efficacy of the two methods more accurately.

Reflux disease following primary sleeve gastrectomy: risk factors and possible causes.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most severe side effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the development or aggravation of reflux disease. This study investigates the effect of SG on the development of reflux disease and the variables that may impact this development. In addition, trends in revision surgery, weight, and comorbidity are examined among patients with reflux disease and SG and those without reflux disease and SG. This study includes 3379 individuals without reflux disease who had primary SG and were followed for three years. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, technical features, and complications of SG were analyzed. Data were collected by the German Bariatric Surgery Registry (GBSR). 860 (25.45%) Group A patients had reflux disease following SG (Group B: no reflux after SG; 74.55%). Patients with reflux disease had longer operating times (83.8 min vs. 77.5 min, p < 0.001) and longer postoperative hospital admissions (6 days vs. 5.5 days). In group A, the %EWL was substantially greater than in group B (64.1 vs. 61.1%). 42 patients were converted from SG to RYGB (4.88%), 2 had hiatoplasty, and 5 got Endostim. There is no significant variation in perioperative complications (p value > 0.05). The incidence of complete remission of sleep apnea was higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.013; 50% vs. 44.8%). Other comorbidities were not substantially different. Reflux illness after SG is still poorly understood, despite much research. Technical and preoperative variables may promote its development. However, these assumptions remain theoretical and are not confirmed by scientific data. The majority of patients may be successfully treated using non-invasive methods, although sometimes further surgery is necessary. Despite our results and the literature, this subject is intriguing for further research.

Outcome of Revisional Bariatric Surgery After Failed Sleeve Gastrectomy: a German Multicenter Study.

PURPOSE: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a common bariatric procedure that has been shown to be effective in both the short and long term, but it is not without risks, some of which necessitate revision or redo surgery (RS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: GBSR (German Bariatric Surgery Registry) data were evaluated in this multicenter analysis. Short-term results (1-year follow-up) of RS (Re-Sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, RYGB, Omega-loop gastric bypass, OLGB, and duodenal switch, DS) following primary SG (n = 27939) were evaluated. RESULTS: Of PSG patients, 7.9% (n=2195) needed revision surgery. Nine hundred ninety-four patients underwent the aforementioned four surgical procedures (95 with R-SG, 665 with RYGB, 141 with OLGB, and 93 DS). Loss of follow-up within 1 year 52.44%. The most common reasons for RS were weight regain and/or a worsening of preexisting comorbidities. Regarding the operating time, R-SG was the shortest of the four procedures, and DS was the longest. In general, there were no significant advantages of one procedure over another in terms of complication incidence in these categories. However, certain complications were seen more often after R-SG and DS than with other redo procedures. There were significant differences in BMI reduction 1 year after surgery (RYGB: 5.9; DS: 10.1; OLGB: 9.1; and R-SG: 9.1; p<0.001). GERD, hypertension, and sleep apnea demonstrated statistically significant comorbidity remission. Diabetes exhibited non-significant differences. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of our study, all revision surgeries effectively resolved comorbidities, promoted weight loss, and lowered BMI. Due to the disparate outcomes obtained by various methods, this study cannot recommend a particular redo method as the gold standard. Selecting a procedure should consider the redo surgery's aims, the rationale for the revision, the patient's current state, and their medical history.

Sex-Specific Effects of the Genetic Variant rs10487505 Upstream of leptin in the Development of Obesity.

The SNP rs10487505 in the promotor region of the leptin gene was reported to be associated with decreased circulating leptin and increased body mass index (BMI). However, the phenotypic outcomes affected by rs10487505 in the leptin regulatory pathway have not been systematically studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of rs10487505 on leptin mRNA expression and obesity-related parameters. We genotyped rs10487505 in DNA samples from 1665 patients with obesity and lean controls and measured leptin gene expression in paired samples of adipose tissue (AT, N = 310), as well as circulating leptin levels. We confirm the leptin-lowering effect of rs10487505 in women. In contrast to the previously reported data from population-based studies, in this mainly obese cohort, we describe a lower mean BMI in women carrying the C allele of rs10487505. However, no association of rs10487505 with AT leptin mRNA expression was found. Our data suggest that reduced circulating leptin levels are not a result of the direct silencing of leptin mRNA expression. Furthermore, leptin reduction by rs10487505 does not associate with BMI in a linear manner. Instead, the decreasing effect on BMI might be dependent on the severity of obesity.

Complications and nutrient deficiencies two years after sleeve gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic study was to investigate patient outcomes and nutritional deficiencies following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) during a median follow-up of two years. METHODS: Over a period of 56 months, all consecutive patients who underwent SG were documented in this prospective, single-center, observational study. The study endpoints included complication rates, nutritional deficiencies and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL). RESULTS: From September 26, 2005 to May 28, 2009, 100 patients (female: male = 59:41) with a mean age of 43.6 years (range: 22-64) and a preoperative BMI of 52.3 kg/² (range: 36-77) underwent SG. The mean operative time was 86.4 min (range: 35-275). Major complications were observed in 8.0 % of the patients. During the follow-up period, 25 patients (25.0 %) underwent a second bariatric intervention (22 DS and 3 RYGBP). Out of the total 100 patients, 48 % were supplemented with iron, 33 % with zinc, 34 % with a combination of calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol, 24 % with vitamin D, 42 % with vitamin B12 and 40 % with folic acid. The patients who received only a SG (n = 75) had %EWL of 53.6, 65.8 and 62.6 % after 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SG is a highly effective bariatric intervention for morbidly obese patients. Nutritional deficiencies resulting from the procedure can be detected by routine nutritional screening. Results of the study show that Vitamin B12 supplementation should suggested routinely.

Outcome of Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Patients with Super Obesity (Body Mass Index > 50 kg/m2).

PURPOSE: With increasing BMI, the complexity of treating patients with obesity rises. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on perioperative morbidity and remission of comorbidities at 3 years in patients with a BMI > 50 kg/m2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed to enroll patients with a 3-year follow-up after SG or RYGB between 2005 and 2019 and a BMI of > 50 kg/m2 preoperatively. Patients' BMI and comorbidity status were recorded preoperatively. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 2939 patients who had at least a preoperative BMI > 50 kg/m2. A total of 1278 patients underwent RYGB surgery, and 1661 underwent SG. The distribution of sex, BMI, hypertension, reflux, and sleep apnea was significant between the two groups. Three years after surgery, the percent excess weight loss (%EWL) was 62.21% in RYGB and 55.87% in SG (p < 0.001). The change in hypertension (p < 0.001) and reflux (p < 0.001) was significantly in favor of RYGB. The change in diabetes mellitus was not significant between the two groups (p > 5%). There was a minimal difference in sleep apnea in favor of SG (p < 0.001). Mortality and overall complication rates were not significant in either group. CONCLUSION: Both procedures positively affected comorbidities, BMI, and %EWL in patients with super obesity 3 years after surgery. In some categories, RYGB was better than SG. Nevertheless, the decision between the two methods remains a matter of the surgeon's experience and the patient's general condition.

The impact of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric binding on weight loss and remission on comorbidities: a national registry-based study.

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, an extensive collection of research has shown various benefits of bariatric surgery in the remission of obesity-related diseases and in weight loss in patients with obesity. This study investigated whether sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) has the best benefit in terms of perioperative risk, weight loss, and remission of comorbidities. METHODS: The German Bariatric Surgery Registry included 32,051 patients after SG and AGB. Outcome criteria were perioperative morbidity, perioperative complications, and remission of comorbidities after a one-year follow-up. RESULTS: Out of them 16,441 patients had completed one-year follow-up (2042 patients after AGB and 14,399 after SG). The %EWL was 40.8±23.4 for AGB and 62.4±22.6 for SG (P<0.001). BMI reduction was a significant difference in favor of SG (8.0±4.7 after AGB vs. 15.5±5.9 after SG; P<0.001). Significant differences in favor of SG were also found for remission of IDDM (P<0.001), NIDDM (P<0.001), hypertension (P<0.001), sleep apnea (P<0.001), and reflux disease (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of general intraoperative and general postoperative complications (P=0.809 and P=0.883, respectively). Specific postoperative complications were documented significantly more often after SG (3.4% in SG vs. 1% in AGB; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that both SG and AGB can be safe surgical procedures. However, SG achieved more significant results in terms of remission of comorbidities. AGB is effective in patients without severe comorbidities and high BMI.