[Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Gran Canaria]. / Epidemiología de la lesión medular de origen traumático en Gran Canaria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical trends in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of traumatic spinal cord injury patients in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) from 2000 to 2014. Demographic and spinal injury severity trends were analysed by year of injury grouped into 3 periods: 2000-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2014. RESULTS: The sample included 141 patients. The mean incidence for the entire period was 12 cases/million/year. There was a decrease in cases in the second and third period. While the male/female ratio was 3.8/1 and was maintained in all periods, the mean patient age increased from 38.8 in 2000-5 to 54.5 years in 2011-4 (P<.05). Falls have been the leading cause of spinal cord injury (48.2%), followed by traffic accidents (37.6%). Falls have increased, especially in the older population. Incomplete tetraplegia has been the most prevalent group (30.5%). A vertebral fracture was suffered by 70.3% of all patients, with 93.2% of them requiring surgery. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a decrease in the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in recent years. The target population has changed, and the older population is currently the most affected. This reality suggests the need to change the local prevention campaigns for spinal cord injury in the elderly.

[Spinal cord injuries resulting from diving accidents in the Canary Islands]. / Lesión medular secundaria a zambullida en Canarias.

OBJECTIVE: Diving accidents is one of the leading causes of spinal cord injury after falls and car accidents. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these patients in our setting to better prevent these injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of patients who have suffered from a traumatic spinal cord injury after a diving accident in the Canary Islands, Spain from 2000 to 2014. These patients were admitted to the Spinal Cord Unit of Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. RESULTS: Of the 264 patients admitted to our unit for acute traumatic spinal cord injury, 23 (8.7%) cases were due to diving. Grouping the patients into 5years periods, 56% of the injuries occurred in 2000-2005, 17% in 2006-2010 and 26% in 2011-2014. All patients were male, with a mean age of 29years. Approximately 65% were under 30years. A total of 22/23 patients had a fracture and injury most commonly occurred to the C5 vertebra. Burst fractures were the most common. A total of 86% of cases underwent surgery. All the spinal cord injuries were cervical, with C6 being the neurological level most often affected. A total of 65% of spinal cord injuries were complete injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal cord injury secondary to diving accidents is the third leading cause of traumatic spinal cord injury in our setting. It affects young males and the most common clinical presentation is a complete cervical spinal cord injury. Given the irreversible nature of the injury, prevention, aimed mainly at young people, is of great importance.

International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey: Socioeconomic and Healthcare Satisfaction in Spain.

STUDY DESIGN: Survey study. OBJECTIVES: People living with spinal cord injury (SCI) are major healthcare and rehabilitation services consumers and have unmet healthcare needs. This study aimed to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of people living with SCI in Spain and to determine the level of use and satisfaction with the public healthcare system. METHODS: We conducted a survey (the Spanish version of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey) consisting of 134 questions. We analyzed the age, sex, neurological classification of the injury on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, time of injury, socio-occupational and socioeconomic status, and level of use and satisfaction with the public health system. RESULTS: 472 people responded to the survey [68.9% male; mean age 51.2 years (standard deviation: 13.9 years); 61.7% with paraplegia and 38.3% with tetraplegia]. 89.2% of those surveyed were unemployed and 77.1% received a disability pension. The number of medical visits was 2.3/year, and 19.8% of the patients required at least 1 hospital admission during the previous year. 94.7% of the people with SCI considered the health care received as good or very good. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents with SCI in Spain considered they had good access to primary and specialized care and were satisfied with the healthcare system. Notably, we observed a high average of annual visits to medical professionals but a low rate of hospitalizations. Technical aids and state services related to disability should be the most important elements to be improved.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of equine antibodies specific to a recombinant Fasciola hepatica surface antigen in an endemic area.

The utility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the sensitization against the trematode Fasciola hepatica in horses from an endemic area (NW Spain) was assessed. Blood samples were collected from 536 horses and tested against a 2.9-kDa recombinant surface protein (FhrAPS) to estimate the presence of IgG antibodies. Data were analysed regarding several intrinsic (age, gender and breed) and extrinsic factors (aptitude and housing). The farm size (number of horses/farm) was also considered. Sixty percent (95% CI 56, 64) of the horses were positive to the FhrAPS-ELISA, with a significantly higher seroprevalence in the mares (67%). Foals reached the lowest percentage of sensitization against the trematode (12%), and a significant positive correlation between the seroprevalence of fasciolosis and the age of the horses was established. When considering all the factors together, the seroprevalence of fasciolosis was initially classified into two groups (nodes) regarding the age of the horses. The node composed of the horses older than 1 year was then divided into two other clusters according to their gender. The mares were finally classified and grouped into two nodes regarding their breed. We concluded that the FhrAPS-ELISA is very useful for the demonstration of specific equine IgG antibodies against F. hepatica. An elevated risk of exposition to this trematode in horses maintained in endemic areas was proven. The possible role of horses as reservoirs for F. hepatica infections is discussed.

Prevalence of caprine brucellosis on herds of toba communities in Villa Río Bermejito, Chaco, Argentina (October 2010).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of caprine brucellosis in goat herds in a region known as 'The Impenetrable' in Chaco Province, Argentina, in order to prevent the occurrence of the disease in people consuming goats' milk. There are high levels of child malnutrition and difficulties in accessing high-quality protein in this region; therefore, goats' milk is a valuable nutrition source. We travelled with Patricia Sosa's foundation 'Little gestures, big results' to Villa Río Bermejito, Chaco, in October 2010 with the laboratory equipment needed to carry out field tests. The foundation is staffed by voluntary workers, including doctors, dentists, experts in social issues, psychologists, who encourage the community to consume goats' milk in their meals after cooking or pasteurizing it to avoid contamination. Blood samples were taken from 273 goats distributed in 13 herds established in the depth of Chaco dry forest that had not been vaccinated against brucellosis. Samples were analysed using the buffered plate antigen test, and positive results were confirmed using the slow agglutination test. Animals were identified using small plastic ear tags. We found only one positive case, with a titre of 1/50. This was considered suspicious and the owner was advised to take the animal out of the herd. Our results indicate that the isolation of these herds in the depths of the forest has protected them from brucellosis, and therefore, they are a good source of high-quality protein, which the people of this region need.

[How does the new spinal-cord-injured patient profile influence bladder management?] / ¿Cómo afecta el nuevo perfil del lesionado medular al manejo vesical?

OBJECTIVES: To describe the bladder management in spinal cord injury and to verify if the increase in the age of the patient who is suffering a spinal cord injury in recent years is conditioning a change in its treatment. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all acute traumatic spinal cord injured patients in Canary Islands between 2001-2015. Data were collected from the hospital records of a regional referral Spinal Cord Unit. RESULTS: The sample included 250 patients. Patients' mean age was observed to increase from 38 to 47 years during the study (p<0.05). Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) was the most used bladder emptying method (42.4%), followed by normal voiding (NV) (26.4%) and permanent derivation (PD) (23.6%). There was a decrease in CIC use (48.1% to 40.3%) and an increase in PD use (13.5% to 32.5%) ( p<0.05 ). Cervical injuries were associated with NV (35.8%), while thoracic and lumbar injuries were associated with IC (67% and 41.7% respectively). Patients discharged to a health care residence were associated with IC (81.8%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CIC is currently the most frequently used bladder emptying method in spinal cord injured patients in our population. The mean age of new spinal cord injury patients is progressively increasing and it promotes the use of indwelling catheter with an increased risk of urologic complications.

OBJETIVOS: Describir el manejo vesical en pacientes con una lesión medular y comprobar si el aumento de la edad media del paciente que está sufriendo una lesión medular en los últimos años está condicionando un cambio en su tratamiento.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes que han sufrido una lesión medular traumática aguda en Canarias entre el 2001-2015. Los datos se han recogido del registro hospitalario de una unidad de referencia regional para la lesión medular. RESULTADOS: La muestra ha sido de 250 pacientes. La media de edad del paciente aumentó de 38 a 47 años a lo largo del estudio (p< 0,05). El cateterismo intermitente (CI) fue el método de vaciado vesical más usado (42,4%) seguido de la micción voluntaria (MV) (26,4%) y la derivación permanente (DP) (23,6%). Durante este tiempo hubo un descenso en el uso del CI (48,1% a 35,4%) y un aumento de la DP (13,5% a 32,5%) (p< 0,05). Las lesiones cervicales se relacionaron con la MV (35,8%) mientras que las lesiones dorsales y lumbares lo hicieron con el CI (67% y 41,7% respectivamente). El destino al alta a una residencia se asoció con la DP (81,8%) (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONES: El CI es actualmente el método de vaciado vesical más usado en el lesionado medular en nuestro medio. El aumento de la edad media del paciente que sufre una lesión medular está favoreciendo un progresivo incremento de la derivación permanente con el riesgo de complicaciones urológicas que puede ocasionar.

Variables, indicadores y criterios de evaluación del servicio médico como escenario de formación de especialistas

La calidad de la educación de posgrado concebida estratégicamente como la integración de la pertinencia social y la excelencia académica, deviene esencial en la gestión de las instituciones docente-asistenciales del sector salud. Sus múltiples dimensiones deben ser contextualizadas y son susceptibles de análisis y perfeccionamiento en cada servicio médico donde se desarrolla el proceso de formación de especialistas. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, para la identificación de las dificultades y la elaboración de la nueva propuesta. Se obtuvieron criterios sobre los servicios médicos como escenarios de formación, en los que se identificaron los problemas relativos a la actividad de posgrado. La propuesta consideró las directrices estratégicas, la población objeto de atención y los diferentes ámbitos temporales y espaciales identificados, con lo que pretende el fortalecimiento y desarrollo de la formación de posgrado en las Universidades de Ciencias Médicas en Cuba.

The quality of postgraduate education, strategically conceived as the integration of social relevance and academic excellence, becomes essential in the management of teaching-assistance institutions in the health sector. Its multiple dimensions must be contextualized and are susceptible to analysis and improvement in each medical service where the specialist formation process takes place. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, for the identification of the difficulties and the elaboration of the new proposal. Criteria on medical services were obtained as training scenarios, in which problems related to postgraduate activity were identified. The objective of the work is to expose a proposal of variables, indicators and evaluation criteria in the service as a scenario the specialist's formation. The proposal was considered the strategic guidelines, the target population and the different temporal and spatial areas identified, with which it intends to strengthen and develop postgraduate training in the Medical Sciences Universities in Cuba.

Change in the profile of traumatic spinal cord injury over 15 years in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinal cord injury remains a serious public health and social problem. Although incidence rates are decreasing in our environment, it is a high cost condition that is associated with great disability. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury and to analyse its epidemiological changes. METHODS: This study was an observational study with prospective monitoring of all traumatic spinal cord injury patients in the Canary Islands, Spain (2.1 million inhabitants) between 2001 and 2015. RESULTS: Over the specified period of the study, 282 patients suffered a traumatic spinal cord injury. The crude incidence rate was 9.3 cases per million people/year. The patients' mean age increased from 38 years (2001-2005) to 48 years (2011-2015) (p < 0.05). Overall, 80.1% of patients were males. The trauma mechanisms of spinal cord injury were falls in 44%, traffic accidents in 36.5%, diving accidents in 8.9% and others in 10.7%. While traffic accidents decreased, falls increased, particularly in the elderly (p < 0.05). The most frequently affected level was the cervical spine (50.9%), and incomplete tetraplegia was the most prevalent group (29.8%). A total of 76.6% of all patients suffered a vertebral fracture, and 91.6% of these required surgery. Among 282 patients, 12.5% were transferred to residences. The patients transferred increased from 8.5% in the first period to 20.0% (p < 0.05) in the last period. Such cases were related to age, cervical level injuries and injuries associated with poor functionality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rise in the number of falls among the older population, as well as the reduction in traffic accidents, decreased the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in our environment. This change in the profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries led us to reformulate the functional objectives planned for these patients upon admission to specialized units, to plan destination-upon-discharge in advance and to promote campaigns to prevent spinal cord injury in older adults.

In vivo phosphoproteomics reveals kinase activity profiles that predict treatment outcome in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks prognostic and predictive markers. Here, we use high-throughput phosphoproteomics to build a functional TNBC taxonomy. A cluster of 159 phosphosites is upregulated in relapsed cases of a training set (n = 34 patients), with 11 hyperactive kinases accounting for this phosphoprofile. A mass-spectrometry-to-immunohistochemistry translation step, assessing 2 independent validation sets, reveals 6 kinases with preserved independent prognostic value. The kinases split the validation set into two patterns: one without hyperactive kinases being associated with a >90% relapse-free rate, and the other one showing ≥1 hyperactive kinase and being associated with an up to 9.5-fold higher relapse risk. Each kinase pattern encompasses different mutational patterns, simplifying mutation-based taxonomy. Drug regimens designed based on these 6 kinases show promising antitumour activity in TNBC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. In summary, the present study elucidates phosphosites and kinases implicated in TNBC and suggests a target-based clinical classification system for TNBC.

Biceps to Triceps Transfer in Tetraplegic Patients: Our Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background: Management and indications for surgery in the tetraplegic patient are highly complex because of the substantial functional deficits that they present and their effect on their daily activity. Our purpose was to evaluate the functional outcome in tetraplegic patients who underwent biceps-to-triceps transfer surgery according to Zancolli's modified technique. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 6 biceps-to-triceps transfers using Zancolli's modified technique in 4 patients. Mean follow-up was 45 months. We evaluated each patient's DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score before surgery and 12 months later. Results: In the 6 arms that underwent surgery, full and active elbow extension against gravity at 12 months after surgery was achieved. The mean DASH score was 73.2 preoperatively and 20.8 twelve months postoperatively. One complication occurred. One patient reported loss of elbow flexion preventing thigh lift for transfers. This was resolved with a program of rehabilitation and specific muscle strengthening Conclusions: Zancolli's modified technique is simple and effective, with few complications, whereby we can provide more autonomy for the tetraplegic patient.

El miedo es contagioso: menoscabos por una pandemia / Fear is contagious: impairment of a pandemic

En los últimos meses la población del mundo ha estado sometida por la pandemia de COVID-19 a un reto emocional causado por el riesgo de pérdida de la salud (incluida la muerte) y del riesgo real o potencial de la alteración de la estabilidad socioeconómica personal y global. Por otro lado, los individuos reciben diariamente información de diversa valía en relación a veracidad y oportunismo, lo que los expone a incertidumbre respecto a la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el bienestar o asociadas con aspectos laborales y productivos. Debe observarse que esto está sucediendo con: pacientes, empleados, proveedores y profesionistas en el modelo odontológico. El miedo es la respuesta prevalente que induce este conjunto de estímulos amenazantes, en el que de manera secundaria se manifiestan otros estados emocionales, sentimentales y de conducta. Contrarrestar el miedo en todos los actores del concepto práctica dental debería ser la estrategia en la recuperación de la actividad odontológica en esta nueva realidad, siendo la palabra clave, seguridad; misma que no debe estar representada exclusivamente por la implantación de medidas sanitarias, también de manera muy principal por la comunicación y la estimulación positiva de emociones y sentimientos que alcancen la mente afectiva no sólo de los pacientes, sino también de los miembros del grupo de trabajo ­mente inconsciente­(AU)

In recent months the world's population has been exposed by the pandemic advent of COVID-19 to an emotional challenge caused by the risk of health disturbance, death encompassed, and the real or latent risk of disruption of personal and global socioeconomic steadiness. Individuals on the other hand, receive day-to-day information of varying connotation in relation to truthfulness and opportunism, exposing them to decision-making uncertainty regarding welfare, as well employment and productive subjects. At the dental scheme, this is happening with: patients, employees, providers and professionals themselves. The widespread reaction that brings this myriad of threatening stimuli is fear, where other emotional, sentimental and behavioral expressions, secondarily occur. In this new reality, disparate the fear in all and any participant of the dental practice concept should be the strategy applied for dental activity recovering; being the key word, safety. Concept that should not be represented exclusively by the implementation of sanitary actions and warnings, but in a conspicuous manner by communication of this safety concept and the induction of positive stimuli by means of emotions and feelings that could reach the affective mind of patients, and the working group ­unconscious mind­ (AU)

Propuesta del modelo para control de infecciones en la consulta odontológica ante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Proposal for an infection control protocol in the dental consultation against the COVID-19 pandemic

Catalogada su labor como Servicios de Salud Indispensables, el profesional de la odontología se ha mantenido al pendiente de sus pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, brindando atención de urgencia a quien lo solicita. A su regreso a la práctica típica, el odontólogo encontrará un entorno distinto o NUEVA NORMALIDAD, viéndose obligado a hacer modificaciones clínicas pertinentes y preparar a su equipo de trabajo para continuar brindando atención de calidad con un margen de seguridad amplificado, que de igual manera proteja a pacientes y al equipo de trabajo. Ante la falta de una vacuna que brinde protección y de tratamiento específico contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), elevar el nivel de control de infecciones en el consultorio se vuelve ineludible y posiblemente irreversible en el quehacer odontológico cotidiano. En este artículo se propone un Protocolo de Control de Infecciones en la consulta odontológica que permita brindar seguridad en la atención bucal, considerando COVID-19, útil también para control infeccioso de otros patógenos virales o bacterianos (AU)

Considered dentistry as an Indispensable Health Services, during the COVID-19 pandemic the dental professional has been providing mostly emergency care. Upon return to typical dental practice, the dentist will find a different environment or NEW NORMALLY, being forced to make relevant clinical modifications and prepare his team to continue providing quality care with an amplified safety margin, which equally protects patients and dental team. In the absence of an available vaccine that provides protection or a specific treatment against SARSCoV- 2 (COVID-19), raising the level of infection control at the dental office will become unavoidable and possibly irreversible in the future quotidian dental work. This article proposes an Infection Control Protocol for the dental consultation that allows provide safety oral care, considering COVID-19, also useful for other viral or bacterial pathogens control (AU)

La educación de posgrado ante el nuevo escenario generado por la COVID-19 / Postgraduate education before the new circumstances created by COVID-19

Introducción: La respuesta dada por el Gobierno cubano y la ciencia a la situación epidemiológica que vivimos y al enfrentamiento de los problemas fundamentales del desarrollo del país, motiva a la reflexión y a un accionar más resuelto sobre qué se necesita hacer en el posgrado para contribuir con soluciones válidas, sostenidas, innovadoras y aplicables a esos problemas. Objetivos: Exponer algunas reflexiones y acciones ante el nuevo escenario generado por la COVID-19 y los problemas del desarrollo del país desde la perspectiva de la educación de posgrado. Posicionamiento del autor: El posgrado se enfrentará a problemas más complejos, al romperse las limitaciones disciplinares, sobre la base de sólidos fundamentos científicos y tecnológicos, lo que da lugar a soluciones innovadoras, estratégicas y comprometidas con la sociedad y su desarrollo en la construcción de un socialismo próspero y sostenible. Sin embargo, para lograr esto, la continuidad en la formación profesional del más alto nivel no es suficiente. Hay que considerar los disímiles procesos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación que tienen lugar en el posgrado, cuyos productos repercuten en el bienestar de la sociedad, en su desarrollo; de ahí su marcada y necesaria pertinencia. Conclusiones: El posgrado resulta necesaria y esencialmente innovador, por lo cual requiere de una mirada profunda y no concebirlo solo como el estudio del alto nivel, porque en este hay ciencia, tecnología, innovación y generación de conocimiento. Se requiere de acciones concretas emergentes con carácter acentuado ante el nuevo escenario creado por la COVID-19 y la necesidad de seguir desarrollando el país(AU)

Introduction: The response given by the Cuban Government and by science before the epidemiological situation we are going through, and before the confrontation of the fundamental concerns of the country's development, motivates reflection and more resolute action on what needs to be done in postgraduate studies to contribute to valid, sustained, innovative and applicable solutions to these problems. Objective: To present, from the perspective of postgraduate education, some reflections and actions in the face of the new circumstances produced by COVID-19 and the concerns regarding the country's development. Author's position: Postgraduate education will face more complex problems, by breaking disciplinary limitations, upon the basis of solid scientific and technological foundations, which gives rise to innovative, strategic solutions committed to society and its development in the construction of prosperous and sustainable socialism. However, to achieve this, continuity in professional training at the highest level is not enough. We must consider dissimilar processes of science, technology and innovation that take place in postgraduate studies, whose products have an impact on the well-being of society, as well as on its development; hence, its marked and necessary relevance. Conclusions: Postgraduate training is necessary and essentially innovative, a reason why it requires a deep look and not to be conceived only as high-level education, because it involves science, technology, innovation and generation of knowledge. Specific emerging actions are required, with an accentuated character based on the new circumstances created by COVID-19 and the need to continue developing the country(AU)

Características clínicas e histopatológicas asociadas a pacientes con Cáncer de Mama Triple Negativo en un Hospital de Referencia peruano, 2012- 2018 / Clinical and histopathological characteristics associated with patients with triple-negative Breast cancer at a national reference hospital, 2012 - 2018

Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas e histopatológicas asociadas a las pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo (CMTN) en un Hospital peruano de referencia. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todas las pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Hipóito Unanue durante el periodo de junio del 2012 a junio del 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 134 pacientes de los cuales 36 (26,9%) correspondieron a CMTN, el estadío clínico más frecuente fue el III y II para los dos grupos. El tipo histológico que más predomino fue el tipo ductal infiltrante en ambos grupos. El grado histológico elevado fue característico en los casos de CMTN (58%) a diferencia de los No TN. Los CMTN fueron de mayor tamaño (5,75 cm vs 3cm en no TN), y el Ki 67 fue más elevado en el TN (35% en comparación con el No TN con 15%). Se determinó en el análisis bivariado que el tamaño (RP: 1,4, IC: 1,17-1,68, p= 0,0001), Ki 67 (RP: 1,05, IC: 1,03-1,07, p= 0,001), IMC ≥25 kg/m2 (RP: 1,14, IC: 1,23-6,22, p= 0,014) y el Grado Histológico 3 (RP:3,87, IC: 1,74-8,63, p= 0,001) se asociaron significativamente a la presencia de CMTN. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que el grado 3 (RP: 1,74, IC: 1,01-3, p= 0,0046) y el Ki 67 (RP: 1,02, IC: 1,01-1,03, p= 0,0001) fueron las características histopatológicas asociados al CMTN. Conclusión: Las características más consistentemente asociadas al cáncer de mama triple negativo en fueron el elevado grado histológico y mayor valor de Ki67.

Objective:To determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics associated to patients with triple negative breast cancer of the Hipolito Unanue National Hospital between June 2012 to June 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study. We reviewed the medical records of all patients treated at the Hipóito Unanue National Hospital during the period from June 2012 to June 2018. Results: 134 patients were included, out of which 36 (26.9%) were TN and 98 No TN. Of the histopathological characteristics, the most frequent CD was III and II for the two groups. The histological type that predominated was the infiltrating ductal type in both groups. The high histological grade was characteristic in NT (58%) unlike non TN. The NTs were larger 5.75 cm in contrast to the TNs with 3 cm, and the Ki 67 was higher in the TN 35% in contrast to the NON TN with 15%. In the bivariate analysis the size (RP: 1.4, CI: 1.17-1.68, p = 0.0001), Ki 67 (RP: 1.05, CI: 1.03-1.07, p = 0.001), BMI ≥25 kg / m2 ( RP: 1.14, CI: 1.23-6.22, p = 0.014), Histological Grade 3 (RP: 3.87, CI: 1.74-8.63, p = 0.001), size ≥5 cm (RP: 2.94, CI: 1.33-6.48, p = 0.008) were significant. I n the multivariate analysis it was found that grade 3 (PR: 1.74, CI: 1.01-3, p = 0.0046) and Ki 67 (RP: 1.02, CI: 1.01-1.03, p = 0.0001) were histopathological characteristics associated with CMTN. Conclusion: There are histopathological characteristics associated with triple negative breast cancer particularly high histological grade and Ki67 value.

Trematodes enhance the development of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys (Duddingtonia) flagrans.

The capability of helminth (nematode and trematode) parasites in stimulating nematode trap and chlamydospore development of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys (formerly Duddingtonia) flagrans was explored. Dead adult specimens of trematodes (the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi) and nematodes (the ascarid Parascaris equorum and the strongylid Oesophagostomum spp.), as well as their secretory products, were placed onto corn meal agar plates concurrently inoculated with A. flagrans. Trapping organs were observed after 5 d and chlamydospores after 16 d, including in the control plates in the absence of parasitic stimulus. However, our data shows that both nematodes and trematodes increase trap and chlamydospore production compared with controls. We show for the first time that significantly higher numbers of traps and chlamydospores were observed in the cultures coinoculated with adult trematodes. We conclude that both the traps and chlamydospores formation are not only related to nematode-specific stimuli. The addition of secretory products of the trematode C. daubneyi to culture medium has potential for use in the large scale production of chlamydospores.

Seudohernia abdominal tras lesión medular. A propósito de 3 casos / Abdominal pseudohernia after spinal cord injury: Report of three cases

No disponible

Impacto de la medicina regenerativa en angiología. Experiencia cubana / Impact of the regenerative medicine in Angiology. Cuban experience

Introducción: La medicina regenerativa se apoya fundamentalmente en la terapia celular, en la administración de factores bioactivos, en la ingeniería de tejidos y en la terapia génica, integra todos estos procederes destinados a la promoción de la regeneración celular. Objetivo: Comunicar los principales resultados de la aplicación de la medicina regenerativa en Cuba en la especialidad de angiología. Métodos: Para la implantación celular se emplearon células mononucleares de la médula ósea y también las movilizadas con Filgrastim a la sangre periférica. Las plaquetas se usaron en forma de plasma rico en plaquetas o de lisado plaquetario. Se incluyeron los pacientes con diferentes enfermedades vasculares atendidos en instituciones del país en el período 2004-2015. Resultados: Con la terapia celular se obtuvo resultados favorables en pacientes con isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores, claudicación intermitente, tromboangeítis obliterante, pie diabético, síndrome posflebítico y linfedema de miembros inferiores. Con el uso de las plaquetas se obtuvieron resultados prometedores en pacientes claudicantes, con pie diabético y úlceras posflebíticas. Conclusiones: El balance realizado al finalizar el 2015 demuestra que el uso de la medicina regenerativa ha sido introducida en 14 de las 15 provincias cubanas. Se han beneficiados con la terapia celular 9 124 pacientes, de ellos 3 741 (41 por ciento) de la especialidad de angiología. Esta terapia resulta de menor costo que los procedimientos convencionales empleados en el tratamiento de las enfermedades vasculares periféricas; evita la amputación y el impacto social que esto representa se cuenta entre sus resultados más importantes

Introduction: Regenerative medicine is fundamentally based on cell therapy, administration of bioactive factors, tissue engineering and gene therapy and integrates all these procedures intended to promote cell regeneration. Objective: To present the main results of application of regenerative medicine in angiology in our country. Method: For cell implantation, mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and also those released with Filgrastim into the peripheral blood were used. Platelets were then used as platelet-rich plasma or platelet lysate. Patients with different vascular disorders, who had been treated in the 2004-2015 period in various domestic institutions, were included in this study. Results: The cell therapy yielded positive results in patients with critical lower limb ischemia, intermittent claudication, thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic foot, postphlebitic syndrome, and lower limb lymphedema. The use of platelets showed promising results in patients with intermittent claudication, diabetic foot, and postphlebitic ulcers. Conclusions: The assessment made at the end of 2015 shows that regenerative medicine is implemented in 14 of the 15 Cuban provinces. A total number of 9 124 patients, 3 741 (41 percent) of whom are treated by the angiology specialty have benefited from cell therapy. This type of therapy is less costly than the conventional methods used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and avoidance of amputation and its social impact are the most significant outcomes of this therapy(AU)

Impacto de la medicina regenerativa en angiología. Experiencia cubana / Impact of the regenerative medicine in Angiology. Cuban experience

Introducción: La medicina regenerativa se apoya fundamentalmente en la terapia celular, en la administración de factores bioactivos, en la ingeniería de tejidos y en la terapia génica, integra todos estos procederes destinados a la promoción de la regeneración celular.Objetivo: Comunicar los principales resultados de la aplicación de la medicina regenerativa en Cuba en la especialidad de angiología.Métodos: Para la implantación celular se emplearon células mononucleares de la médula ósea y también las movilizadas con Filgrastim a la sangre periférica. Las plaquetas se usaron en forma de plasma rico en plaquetas o de lisado plaquetario. Se incluyeron los pacientes con diferentes enfermedades vasculares atendidos en instituciones del país en el período 2004-2015.Resultados: Con la terapia celular se obtuvo resultados favorables en pacientes con isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores, claudicación intermitente, tromboangeítis obliterante, pie diabético, síndrome posflebítico y linfedema de miembros inferiores. Con el uso de las plaquetas se obtuvieron resultados prometedores en pacientes claudicantes, con pie diabético y úlceras posflebíticas.Conclusiones: El balance realizado al finalizar el 2015 demuestra que el uso de la medicina regenerativa ha sido introducida en 14 de las 15 provincias cubanas. Se han beneficiados con la terapia celular 9 124 pacientes, de ellos 3 741 (41 por ciento) de la especialidad de angiología. Esta terapia resulta de menor costo que los procedimientos convencionales empleados en el tratamiento de las enfermedades vasculares periféricas; evita la amputación y el impacto social que esto representa se cuenta entre sus resultados más importantes(AU)

Introduction: Regenerative medicine is fundamentally based on cell therapy, administration of bioactive factors, tissue engineering and gene therapy and integrates all these procedures intended to promote cell regeneration.Objective: To present the main results of application of regenerative medicine in angiology in our country.Method: For cell implantation, mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and also those released with Filgrastim into the peripheral blood were used. Platelets were then used as platelet-rich plasma or platelet lysate. Patients with different vascular disorders, who had been treated in the 2004-2015 period in various domestic institutions, were included in this study.Results: The cell therapy yielded positive results in patients with critical lower limb ischemia, intermittent claudication, thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic foot, postphlebitic syndrome, and lower limb lymphedema. The use of platelets showed promising results in patients with intermittent claudication, diabetic foot, and postphlebitic ulcers.Conclusions: The assessment made at the end of 2015 shows that regenerative medicine is implemented in 14 of the 15 Cuban provinces. A total number of 9 124 patients, 3 741 (41 percent) of whom are treated by the angiology specialty have benefited from cell therapy. This type of therapy is less costly than the conventional methods used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and avoidance of amputation and its social impact are the most significant outcomes of this therapy(AU)