RESUMEN
Error related negativity (ERN) is generated in frontal and central cortical regions when individuals perceive errors. Because ERN has low signal-to-noise ratio and large individual difference, it is difficult for single trial ERN recognition. In current study, the optimized electroencephalograph (EEG) channels were selected based on the brain topography of ERN activity and ERN offline recognition rate, and the optimized EEG time segments were selected based on the ERN offline recognition rate, then the low frequency time domain and high frequency time-frequency domain features were analyzed based on wavelet transform, after which the ERN single detection algorithm was proposed based on the above procedures. Finally, we achieved average recognition rate of 72.0% ± 9.6% in 10 subjects by using the sample points feature in 0~3.9 Hz and the power and variance features in 3.9~15.6 Hz from the EEG segments of 200~600 ms on the selected 6 channels. Our work has the potential to help the error command real-time correction technique in the application of online brain-computer interface system.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and apoptosis in early brain injury models after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Fifty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups:sham-operated group,SAH 6 h,SAH 12 h,SAH 24 h and SAH 72 h groups (n=1 1).SAH in the later four groups was induced by modified monofilament puncture method.The rats were killed by cervical dislocation.HIF-1α expression was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.TUNEL was adopted to detect brain apoptotic cells.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to identify cell types with positive HIF-1α expression.Pearson correlation analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between HIF-1 expression percentage and TUNEL positive rate.Results As compared with those in the sham-operated group,the HIF-1 expression percentage and TUNEL positive rate in the four SAH groups was significantly higher (P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence double staining showed that neuron-specific nuclear protein staining cells were coincided with most HIF-1 positive cells,while only a few HIF-1α positive cells were coincided with glial fibrillary acidic protein staining cells.A significant positive correlation was noted between HIF-1 α expression percentage and TUNEL positive rate following SAH (r=0.737,P=0.001).Conclusion HIF-1α high expression after SAH early promotes neuronal cell apoptosis,indicating HIF-1 a might participate in the pathological progression of early brain injury after SAH.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the true psychological experience of youthful patients with breast cancer in the period of diagnosis. Methods Using qualitative research based on employed phenomeno-logical methods,12 young patients of breast cancer were deep-interviewed, the literal data of interview were processed and analyzed by Colaizzid analysis method. Results 5 themes were found by analysis:change of self identification, serious uncertainty, change of self role, worry about working and social value and shortage of knowledge and ability for early diagnosis. Conclusions The clinical workers should under-stand the real psychological experience of young patients with breast cancer in diagnosis period and help them overcome the difficult period in their life.