Recent advances in the contribution of circRNAs to cisplatin chemotherapy resistance in cancers.

Worldwide, cancer is a serious threat to the health of citizens of every country, with the incidence and mortality increasing year by year. Cisplatin is the first-line anticancer drug commonly used in clinics and is widely used for the treatment of solid tumors including lung, gastric, liver, bladder, and ovarian cancer. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy has a high clinical response efficacy, patients will inevitably develop drug resistance after repeated use, leading to severe restrictions of its application. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a promising class of non-coding RNAs capable of promoting or suppressing cancer via functioning as miRNAs sponges. Recently, an increasing amount of evidence shows that circRNAs are closely related to the cisplatin resistance of cancers. Therefore, standing at the perspective of the cisplatin chemotherapy resistance, this paper reviews the research progress of circRNAs related to cisplatin resistance of various cancers.

Real-Time Sensing of O-Phenylenediamine Oxidation on Gold Nanoparticles.

Real-time monitoring of chemical reactions is still challenging as well as important to study reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics. Herein, we demonstrated the real-time monitoring of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) oxidation on the surface of gold nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The oxidation mechanism and the reaction kinetics were investigated on the basis of the SERS spectrum variation and the related density functionalized theory calculation. It was shown that the oxidation of OPD in the presence of copper ions was a two-step process of the deprotonation of the amino group on the aromatic rings and the rearrangement of the electron cloud to a π-conjugated system, which may open a new door to comprehensively understand the reaction process.

Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNA in the Tumour Microenvironment of Genitourinary System Tumours.

In recent years, genitourinary system tumors are common in people of all ages, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases are constantly being updated and improved. Exosomes, with a lipid bilayer that enable delivery of their contents into body fluids or other cells. Exosomes can regulate the tumor microenvironment, and play an important role in tumor development. In turn, cellular and non-cellular components of tumor microenvironment also affect the occurrence, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to be able to be ingested and released by exosomes, and are seen as a potential tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we summarize the effect of non-coding RNAs of exosome contents on the tumor microenvironment of genitourinary system tumor, expound the significance of non-coding RNAs of exosome in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

[Acupuncture combined with western medication in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled study].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease between the combined therapy of acupuncture and western medication and the simple administration of western medication. METHODS: A total of 134 patients with T2DM and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. an acupuncture plus medication group (67 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a medication group (67 cases, 4 cases dropped off). The routine western medication was used according to symptoms in the patients of both groups. In the acupuncture plus medication group, on the base of medication, acupuncture was applied to Jianshi (PC 5), Quchi (LI 11), Neiguan (PC 6), etc. The needles were retained for 20 min in each treatment and 3 treatments of acupuncture were required weekly. The treatment was given consecutively for 8 weeks in the two groups. Separately, before and after treatment, the symptom scores of TCM were observed and the indexes were detected, including glycolipid metabolism [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG), glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)], islet ß cell function [homeostasis model assessment-ß (HOMA-ß), homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI)], cardiac function indexes [cardiac output (CO), early diastolic peak velocity/late diastolic peak velocity (E/A), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)], as well as electrocardiogram QT dispersion (QTd). Besides, the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the TCM symptom scores and the values of FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, HOMA-IR, FINS, E/A and LVEDD as well as QTd were all lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the levels of the above-mentioned indexes in the acupuncture plus medication group were all lower than those in the medication group (P<0.05). The values of HOMA-ß, ISI, CO and LVEF after treatment were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the levels of the above-mentioned indexes in the acupuncture plus medication group were all higher than those in the medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.8% (60/64) in the acupuncture plus medication group, higher than 79.4% (50/63) in the medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined therapy of acupuncture and medication is effective in treatment of T2DM complicated with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Such therapy effectively improves glucolipid metabolism, islet ß cell function, cardiac function and myocardial blood supply. Its curative effect is better than the simple administration of western medicine.

Combination and distribution characteristics of syndromes related to traditional Chinese medicine in patients with chronic heart failure: Protocol for a clinical study.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure has become one of the main diseases endangering human health in the 21st century. It is characterized by high morbidity and high mortality. With the continuous in-depth study of Traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment of heart failure by Tradional Chinese medicine has made significant progress, especially in improving the clinical symptoms of patients, controlling the development of the disease, and improving the quality of life of patients. METHODS/DESIGN: This will be a retrospective, single-blind clinical observational study. All participants will receive chronic heart failure routine treatment and care. The researcher will fill in the case information collection form and collect multiple clinical diagnosis and treatment information. DISCUSSION: At present, there is very little research on the elements of chronic heart failure syndrome, and more exploration and excavation in this area are needed. So we designed this program. We aim to explore the distribution characteristics of Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements and combinations of chronic heart failure patients, and analyze the relationship between syndrome elements and related influencing factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov,ChiCTR2000034555, Registered on 18 May 2020.

Distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic heart failure: A clinical study.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing year by year in recent years. Type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor in the occurrence and development of heart failure, and it is the second potential risk factor after coronary artery disease. At present, there is no unified etiology, pathogenesis, and syndrome differentiation criteria for type 2 diabetes with chronic heart failure, and it is susceptible to subjective factors. Therefore, standardized, objective, and standardized research is needed to provide reference and guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the theory of syndrome differentiation is used to initially explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure through case data collection, syndrome extraction, and clinical data analysis. METHODS/DESIGN: In this study, we will collect at least 500 cases of type 2 diabetes with chronic heart failure that meet the standard outpatient and hospitalization, and fill out the case information collection form. Then we will collect a number of clinical diagnosis and treatment information, and judge the syndrome based on the sum of the contribution of each syndrome to the relevant syndrome. We will use Microsoft Excel to establish a database, enter the relevant diagnosis and treatment, and syndrome information of the case information collection table, and verify and correct in time to ensure the accuracy of the data. DISCUSSION: This study will provide reference and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes with chronic heart failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000033010, Registered on May 18, 2020.

Crystal structure of (RS)-4-(3-carb-oxy-1-ethyl-6,8-di-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-di-hydro-quinolin-7-yl)-2-methyl-piperazin-1-ium 3-carb-oxy-5-fluoro-benzoate.

In the title organic salt, C17H20F2N3O3 +·C8H4FO4 -, proton transfer leads to one protonated lomefloxacin mol-ecule (HLf+) and one 3-carb-oxy-5-fluoro-benzoate (5-F-Hip-) anion in the asymmetric unit. The HLf+ cation is bent, with a dihedral angle of 38.3 (1)° between the quinoline ring and the piperazinium moiety. In the crystal, two kinds of N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded chains cross-link each other to produce a three-dimensional network structure that is additionally stabilized by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, as well as π-π inter-actions. The methyl group attached to the piperazinium ring is disordered over two sets of sites [refined ratio: 0.645 (5):0.335 (5)], indicating the presence of both enanti-omers of the cation in the structure.

Reaction-based SERS nanosensor for monitoring and imaging the endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), as an important reactive oxygen species (ROS), is involved with many pathological and physiological pathways, whereas many aspects of its roles remain unclear due to the lack of robust analytical methods. In this work, we report a novel kind of special reaction-based nanosensors, gold nanoparticles modified with newly synthesized 2-mercapto-4-methoxy-phenol molecules (AuNPs/MMP), to detect the endogenous HOCl in living cells according to the changes in the SERS spectrum of AuNPs/MMP resulting from the reaction of HOCl with MMP on AuNPs. These nanosensors can rapidly respond to HOCl within 1 min with the detection limit at 10-7 M level. Furthermore, the nanosensors exhibit high selectivity for HOCl because of the specificity of the reaction combined with the fingerprinting capability of SERS. Consequently, the proposed SERS nanosensors are capable of monitoring and imaging the endogenous HOCl generated in a living macrophage under stimulation, showing great promise to be used for in-situ studies of the pathophysiological processes that involve HOCl.

Effect and Prognostic Factors of Laminoplasty for Cervical Myelopathy With an Occupying Ratio Greater Than 50%.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of laminoplasty for the treatment of patients with an occupying ratio greater than 50% and to determine possible factors related to surgical outcome of posterior decompression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Little data are available about effect and prognostic factors of laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy with an occupying ratio greater than 50%. METHODS: Fifty-five consecutive patients with an occupying ratio greater than 50% who underwent cervical laminoplasty between January 2005 and December 2010 were reviewed in this study. Patients with cervical kyphosis were excluded. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were assessed. Univariate analysis was used to investigate the relationship between recovery rate and the age, duration of symptoms, preoperative Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, posterior shift of the spinal cord, preoperative cervical lordosis, spinal cord compression ratio, and follow-up period. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the best surgical outcome predictor. RESULTS: All patients maintained cervical lordosis. Average JOA score improved from 10.7 ±â€Š1.7 points preoperatively to 14.0 ±â€Š1.4 points at the last follow-up. The mean rate of recovery was 51.4 ±â€Š25.7%. Final recovery rates showed 6 excellent results, 29 good results, 18 fair results, and 2 poor results. Univariate analysis showed significant correlation between the recovery rate and the spinal cord compression ratio, duration of symptoms, and posterior movement of the spinal cord. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the best surgical outcome predictor was the spinal cord compression ratio (ß = 0.698, P < 0.001). R-square of the final multiple linear regression model was 0.509. CONCLUSION: Laminoplasty can still be considered as a decompressive pattern for patients with a high occupying ratio greater than 50%. The spinal cord compression ratio, duration of symptoms, and posterior movement of the spinal cord play important roles in recovery rate. The best surgical outcome predictor is the spinal cord compression ratio. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

SERS nanoprobes for the monitoring of endogenous nitric oxide in living cells.

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a significant gaseous signalling molecule in various pathological and physiological pathways, whereas many of its functions are still ambiguous in part because of the shortage of powerful detection approaches. Herein, we present a type of reaction-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes, o-phenylenediamine-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/OPD), to detect the level of the endogenous NO in living cells. The detection is achieved through the SERS variation of AuNPs/OPD caused by the reaction between NO and OPD on the surface of AuNPs. The proposed SERS nanoprobes have a good stability and a rapid response to NO within 30s Moreover, as a result of the reaction specificity coupled with SERS fingerprinting, AuNPs/OPD nanoprobes demonstrate high selectivity towards NO over other biologically relevant species with a sensitivity at 10(-7)M level. Thereby, this SERS strategy can be used for monitoring NO that is endogenously produced in living macrophages, indicating immense potential in studying NO-involved pathophysiological processes in biological systems.

Pooled analysis of pomalidomide for treating patients with multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma are considered to have a very poor prognosis, and new regimens are needed to improve this setting. Pomalidomide is a new immunomodulatory drug with high in vitro potency. Immunomodulatory drugs are hypothesized to act through multiple mechanisms. Here we performed a systemic analysis to evaluate pomalidomide-based chemotherapy (pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone) as salvage treatment for patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma. METHODS: Clinical studies evaluating the efffectiveness of pomalidomide based regimens on response and safety for patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) of treatment were calculated. RESULTS: For pomalidomide based regimens, 4 clinical studies which including 291 patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 41.2% (120/291). Major adverse effects were hematologic toxicity, including grade 1 or 2 anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with pomalidomide based treatment. No treatment related death occurred. CONCLUSION: This pooled analysis suggests that pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone is active with good tolerability in treating patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.

Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells enhance the expression of neurotrophic factors and protect ataxic mice.

Cerebellar ataxias, which comprise a wide spectrum of progressive disorders, are incurable at present. It has been reported that human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell (HU-MSC) transplantation has a protective effect on neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of HU-MSCs on ataxic mice induced by cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C). The ataxic mouse received an intravenous injection of 2×10(6) HU-MSCs once a week for three consecutive weeks. Neurological function was scored weekly by rotarod test and open field test. The mouse cerebellar volume and weight were also measured. The apoptotic cells, pathological alternations and distribution of HU-MSCs were determined by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry staining respectively. Double immunostaining was carried out to investigate the dynamics of HU-MSCs in the host animals. Neurotrophic factors in cerebellar tissue and serum were measured by Q-PCR and ELISA. Our results showed that HU-MSCs implantation significantly improved the motor skills of ataxic mice 8 weeks after application. HU-MSCs also alleviated cerebellar atrophy and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the therapeutic group. Implanted HU-MSCs stayed in cerebellum for at least three months with no obvious differentiation. HU-MSC treated mice had enhanced expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cerebellum extraction and blood serum. Double immunostaining revealed that a few MAB1287 positive cells co-localized with IGF-1 or VEGF express cells. Our results suggest that HU-MSC treatment is capable of alleviating the motor impairments and cerebellar atrophy in the ataxic mouse model, probably via promoting particular neurotrophic factors.