[Analysis and identification of Geranium by two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy].

Tri-step infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-COS)) was employed to identify and analyze the main components of Heilongjiang (HLJG), Jilin (JLG), Liaoning (LNG) genuine Herba Geranium. The emergence of several characteristic absorption peaks of tannins including 1 730 and 1 337 cm(-1) and peaks around 1 618 and 1 318 cm(-1) belonging to calcium oxalate suggested that Herba Geranii contained tannins and calcium oxalate. Differences near 1 370 and 1 230 cm(-1) were found among the three Herba Geranii. In light of second derivative spectra, four more peaks of tannin components around 1 509, 1 204, 764 and 763 cm(-1) and evident differences around C=O stretching bands (1 750-1 600 cm(-1)) were observed. By 2D-COS spectra with further improved resolution, the three genuine Geraniums were visually distinguished due to their significant differences in auto-peak profile. HLJG has 7 auto peaks with a strongest peak around 1 621 cm(-1), while JLG and LNG both have only 4 auto peaks with a strongest peak around 1 580 and 1 659 cm(-1), respectively. It was demonstrated that the Tri-step infrared spectroscopy was successfully applied to fast analyze and identify genuine Geraniums from different geographical regions and subsequently would be applicable to the study of Chinese medicinal resources and quality standards.

[Discrimination of eleven genera of Chinese herbs in Geraniaceae by FTIR spectroscopy and clustering analysis].

A fast identification method of eleven genera of Chinese herbs in Geraniaceae was developed by the combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with clustering analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to identify and analyze eleven genera of Chinese herbs in Geraniaceae. On the basis of a principal component analysis (PCA) model, three genera of Chinese herbs were rapidly classified by using the method of SIMCA clustering analysis. These samples could be successfully classified by SIMCA. Recognition rate and rejection rate reached up to 98%. The accuracy of clustering reached up to 91% during blind sample testing. It is concluded that in combination with clustering analysis, FTIR method provides an effective way to rapidly evaluate Chinese herbs in Geraniaceae.

Complete chloroplast genome of adonis amurensis (ranunculaceae), an important cardiac folk medicinal plant in east asia.

Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde is an important cardiac folk medicinal plant which endemic to Northeast Asia. We determined the first complete chloroplast genome of A. amurensis using genome skimming approach. The cp genome was 157,032 bp long, with a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,218 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,212 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,301 bp. It encodes 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. We also reconstructed the phylogeny of Adonideae and Isopyreae using maximum likelihood (ML) method, including our data and previously reported cp genomes of related taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. amurensis is close related with Adonis sutchuenensis.