Human-AI teams-Challenges for a team-centered AI at work.

As part of the Special Issue topic "Human-Centered AI at Work: Common Ground in Theories and Methods," we present a perspective article that looks at human-AI teamwork from a team-centered AI perspective, i. e., we highlight important design aspects that the technology needs to fulfill in order to be accepted by humans and to be fully utilized in the role of a team member in teamwork. Drawing from the model of an idealized teamwork process, we discuss the teamwork requirements for successful human-AI teaming in interdependent and complex work domains, including e.g., responsiveness, situation awareness, and flexible decision-making. We emphasize the need for team-centered AI that aligns goals, communication, and decision making with humans, and outline the requirements for such team-centered AI from a technical perspective, such as cognitive competence, reinforcement learning, and semantic communication. In doing so, we highlight the challenges and open questions associated with its implementation that need to be solved in order to enable effective human-AI teaming.

Evaluation of Febrile Seizures: A Therapeutic Review of Current Modalities.

As benign as its nature is, a febrile seizure (FS) can be one of the most frightening experiences for parents to witness. It is a seizure that occurs in infants and children aged six months to five years, accompanied by a fever (with a temperature of at least 100.4°F or 38.0°C by any method), without any infection in the central nervous system. FS is typically benign and tends to resolve on its own. Overall, the risk of recurrence after an FS is high, so there is still a sizable knowledge discrepancy that needs to be addressed for better understanding and management of the disease. Thus, the objective of this review is to evaluate current therapeutic modalities available for FS and summarize recent recommendations on the management of this condition. On June 25, 2023, a review was undertaken using the Medical Subject Headings Tool (MeSH), and the following keywords yielded 867 results: seizures, febrile/drug therapy [Mesh] and seizures, and febrile/therapy [Mesh]. A total of 21 relevant articles were chosen for the research. Seizures were classified as simple and complex FS (CFS) based on clinical features. CFS usually results in recurrence. Certain investigations like computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), and electroencephalography (EEG) are helpful, along with laboratory investigations, to rule out other causes of FS. After reviewing the current literature, we have tried to conclude whether the current pharmacotherapy is effective in treating FS.

Closing the Gap: Investigation of Various Approaches in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

In preterm newborns with extremely low birth weights, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which is defined as a remnant connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery after 72 hours of birth, is frequently linked to substantial morbidity and mortality. If left untreated, a hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) increases the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage among other morbidities, and can even lead to death. While instances of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) resolving on their own are frequent, the primary approach for managing PDA closure in premature infants involves pharmacological interventions, commonly utilizing indomethacin, ibuprofen, or paracetamol. However, with these pharmacological treatment options, there is an increased risk of renal toxicity, gastrointestinal bleeding, and reopening of PDA among other complications. If pharmacological interventions are not successful or contraindicated, PDA can be closed via transcatheter closure or surgical ligation. As with any medically invasive procedure, it is not without risks and can lead to long-term complications. This review explores the different management options and the benefits and outcomes of conservative management vs. active management in order to get one step closer to standardizing the treatment for PDA. With so much controversy surrounding the best management option, there is a lack of evidence to support one treatment method superior to the other in reducing overall mortality, and this needs to be explored further.

Correction: Closing the Gap: Investigation of Various Approaches in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45009.].