Effect of tooth color on the accuracy of intraoral complete arch scanning under different light conditions using a zirconia restoration model.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Information regarding the effect of tooth color under different light conditions on the accuracy of intraoral complete arch scanning is limited. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of color and ambient light conditions on the accuracy of mandibular complete arch scanning with an intraoral scanner (IOS) using a zirconia restoration model with different shades. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five mandible dentition models with zirconia restorations of different shades were fabricated by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). The spectral reflectance and transmittance curves were collected with a spectrophotometer to determine color parameters (Rb, T, S+A, L*, a*, b*, C*, and h). Under 4 different lighting conditions: no light (ZL), natural light (NL), room light (RL), and chair light (CL), each model was scanned 10 times by using an IOS (TRIOS 3). Three-dimensional (3D) deviation analysis and a linear deviation analysis were performed for an accurate quantitative measurement of intraoral scanning. The multivariate test was used to determine significant differences in 3D deviation and linear deviation among groups. The multiple linear regression test was conducted to investigate the relevant independent factors of mean absolute 3D deviation. RESULTS: The 3D deviation analysis showed that the mean absolute 3D deviation of 3M2 model scanning was the lowest (P<.001). Moreover, under CL and RL, the accuracy results from the 3M2 model scan were demonstrated as significantly better than the tested scans under other light conditions (P=.021). The result of the linear deviation analysis indicated that the variation in distance was only significant between the bilateral canines (P=.032). Ambient light conditions, C*, and h were factors influencing mean absolute 3D deviation (R2=0.593, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Color change influenced the accuracy of intraoral mandibular complete arch scanning under different light conditions. This effect may be attributable to the interaction between the ambient light condition and color parameters such as C* and h.

A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Using an Automated R Package.

Network meta-analysis is an extension of standard meta-analysis. It allows researchers to build a network of evidence to compare multiple interventions that may have not been compared directly in existing publications. With a Bayesian approach, network meta-analysis can be used to obtain a posterior probability distribution of all the relative treatment effects, which allows for the estimation of relative treatment effects to quantify the uncertainty of parameter estimates, and to rank all the treatments in the network. Ranking treatments using both direct and indirect evidence can provide guidance to policy makers and clinicians for making decisions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce fundamental concepts of Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNMA) to researchers in psychology and social sciences. We discuss several essential concepts of BNMA, including the assumptions of homogeneity and consistency, the fixed and random effects models, prior specification, and model fit evaluation strategies, while pointing out some issues and areas where researchers should use caution in the application of BNMA. Additionally, using an automated R package, we provide a step-by-step demonstration on how to conduct and report the findings of BNMA with a real dataset of psychological interventions extracted from PubMed.

Effects of Robotics Education on Young Children's Cognitive Development: a Pilot Study with Eye-Tracking.

The emerging field of robotics education (RE) is a new and rapidly growing subject area worldwide. It may provide a playful and novel learning environment for children to engage with all aspects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning. The purpose of this research is to examine how robotics learning activities may affect the cognitive abilities and cognitive processes of 6-8 years old children. The study adopted the mixed methods approach with a repeated measures design; three waves of data collection over 6 months, including quantitative data obtained from cognitive assessments and eye-tracking, and qualitative data from the interviews. A total of 31 children were recruited from an afterschool robotics program. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first RE research that used a combination of eye-tracking, cognitive assessments, and interviews for examining the effect of RE on children. Using linear growth models, the results of cognitive assessments showed that children's visuospatial working memory as well as logical and abstract reasoning skills improved over time. The interview data were analyzed by a thematic analysis. The results revealed that children perceived RE activities as game play, which made children more engaged in their study; parents found their children to be more focused on activities comparing to six months ago. Additionally, the visualization of the eye-tracking data suggested that children became more focused on RE activities and got faster to process the information across six months in general, which echoed the findings in assessments and interviews. Our findings may help educators and policymakers better understand the benefits of RE for young children.

[Application of individual light-curing resin tray as edge plastic material in complete denture modulo].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effect of individual light-curing resin tray as edge plastic material in complete denture modulo.
 METHODS: A total of 30 patients with poor condition for alveolar ridge of mandible were chosen individual tray with individual light-curing resin tray for material edge shaping or traditional individual impression tray for edge shaping cream to produce complete denture. The operability, questionnaire about denture retention, comfort, mucosal cases and chewing function in the process of shaping the edge were investigated three months later after wearing dentures.
 RESULTS: There was no significant difference in retention, comfort, mucosa and the chewing function between the two mandibular denture impression methods. However, the patients with individual light-curing resin tray as edge shaping material felt better in the process than that in the patients with die-cream as the edge shaping material (P<0.05). Furthermore, the manipulation with individual light-curing resin tray as edge shaping material is easy for doctor.
 CONCLUSION: Although the clinical effect of Individual light-curing resin tray material as the edge shaping material is equal to that of impression cream, it saves time and human resource. Moreover, it is more acceptable for the patients and thus it can be spread in clinics.

Validation of the brief version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II scale and evaluation of measurement invariance across age and gender in the Canadian general population.

Measurement tools that can assess personality traits rendering people more susceptible to engagement with and compliance in scams can help identify at-risk populations. The brief, 30-item version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II (StP-II-B) scale is a recently developed instrument for assessing 10 personality traits that play a role in scam compliance; however, psychometric evidence supporting the use of this scale is limited. This study aimed to validate the StP-II-B by examining its internal consistency reliability, factor structure, as well as age- and gender-related measurement invariance with a sample of 1287 Canadians aged 16 years and older. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 10-factor structure identified in previous research. Good internal consistency reliability was obtained for each of the 10 subscales. This 10-factor structure was found to be invariant across age and gender at configural, metric, and scalar levels, suggesting that the StP-II-B was conceptualized in the same way across age and gender and that meaningful comparisons of factor scores could be made. Age and gender differences were found in most factors, with younger individuals and men scoring higher than older individuals and women. This study supports the use of the StP-II-B as a valid and reliable scale for measuring personality traits associated with scam compliance in the Canadian general population and offers insights into age and gender cohorts that may be at higher risk of scam victimization.

Investigating student collaborative problem-solving competency and science achievement with multilevel modeling: Findings from PISA 2015.

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) competency is critical for 21st century students. However, reports from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 have revealed significant deficiencies in this competency among young students globally, indicating a critical need for the cultivation of CPS skills. Therefore, it is essential for educators and researchers to examine the factors that influence CPS competency and understand the potential role of CPS in secondary education. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between collaboration dispositions and students' CPS competency as well as the relationships of CPS competency and inquiry-based science instruction (IBSI) with science achievement using the PISA 2015 data. A total of 408,148 students from 52 countries and economies (i.e., regions) were included in our analysis. Unlike most previous studies that only investigated one country at a time and neglected the multilevel data structure of PISA, this study provided a global view through adopting multilevel modeling to account for the cluster effect at the school and country levels. Our findings revealed that valuing relationship was positively associated with CPS, whereas valuing teamwork was negatively associated with CPS. Furthermore, CPS competency was found to be a dominant and positive predictor of science achievement among all study variables, underscoring the importance of integrating CPS into teaching practices to promote student success in science. Additionally, different IBSI activities show varying relationships with science achievement, indicating that caution should be taken when recommending any specific practices associated with IBSI to teachers.

Workplace Predictors of Violence against Nurses Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Cross-Sectional Study Utilizing the National Standard of Psychological Workplace Health and Safety.

BACKGROUND: Nurses experience an alarming rate of violence in the workplace. While previous work has indicated that working conditions play an important role in workplace violence outcomes, these studies have not used comprehensive and systematically operationalized variables. METHODS: Through cross-sectional survey responses from 4066 British Columbian nurses, we identified which of the 13 psychosocial factors, as outlined in the National Standard of Psychological Workplace Health and Safety, are most predictive of workplace violence perpetrated against nurses by patients and their visitors (Type II violence) and organizational employees (Type III violence). RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of respondents indicated that they had experienced Type II violence, whereas 48% indicated they had experienced Type III violence over the last year. Lack of physical safety, workload management, and psychological protection were the top three psychosocial factors in the workplace predictive of Type II violence, whereas lack of civility and respect, organizational culture, and psychological support were the top three factors associated with Type III violence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this study shed light on the distinct psychosocial factors in the workplace in need of investment and intervention to address Type II and III violence.

Demographic and psychometric predictors associated with engagement in risk-associated alternative healthcare behaviours.

This paper builds on prior work exploring the use of risk-associated alternative healthcare (RAAH) in Canada. RAAH uptake was surveyed to explore the characteristics of adult RAAH users and the value of established psychometric instruments previously used in alternative healthcare studies in predicting RAAH behaviours: the Control Beliefs Inventory (CBI), the Reward Responsiveness Behavioural Activation System (RBAS) scale, the Positive Attitudes to Science (PAS) scale, the Satisfaction with Orthodox Medicine (SOM) scale, and the brief version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II (StP-II-B) scale. Findings suggest RAAH is influenced by gender, age, income, education, employment, chronic illness status, and ethnicity. Engagement in some form of RAAH was common (around 40%) and the most common types of RAAH use reported were physical manipulation and herbal/nutritional supplement use. Other higher-risk AH activities (such as use of toxins and physically invasive procedures) were also reported by about 5% of respondents. The StP-II-B and PAS instruments were predictive of the likelihood of engagement in RAAH behaviours, as illustrated by higher risk tolerance, desire for novelty, positive attitude to advertising and social influence, and positive beliefs about science. The CBI, RBAS, and SOM instruments were not predictive overall. However, the CBI and SOM instruments were predictive of engagement with physical manipulative RAAH activities, while the RBAS was predictive of herbal/nutritional RAAH engagement. These findings can help inform health professionals' understanding of public health-seeking behaviours with respect to risk.

Working through a pandemic: The mediating effect of nurses' health on the relationship between working conditions and turnover intent.

AIM: While research has demonstrated that nurses' health and working conditions are important predictors of turnover in COVID-19, the relationship between these factors is not well understood. Our study investigated the mechanism through which working conditions and nurses' physical and mental health could impact intent to leave the nursing profession. DESIGN: Secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of 3478 nurses in British Columbia administered in May 2021 were analysed using structural equation modelling. METHODS: Two models were assessed utilizing workplace conditions as the predictor, nurses' health as the mediator, and reported turnover intent (Model 1), and anticipated time to turnover (Model 2) as the outcomes. RESULTS: Nurses' health partially mediated the relationship between working conditions and turnover intent, where poorer workplace conditions were directly and indirectly associated with greater likelihood of leaving the profession. Nurses' health fully mediated the relationship between working conditions and nurses' anticipated time to turnover, after controlling for age. The findings from this study underscore the importance of enhancing working conditions and improving nurses' mental health and safety on the job. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The British Columbia Nurses' Union provided the data for this study; survey data from 3478 nurses were utilized in our study.

[Rapid identification of micro-constituents in monoammonium glycyrrhizinate raw materials by high-pressure solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for rapid identification of micro-constituents in monoammonium glycyrrhizinate by high-pressure solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. METHOD: HPLC preparative chromatograph was adopted for determining the optimal method for high-pressure solid phase extraction under optimal conditions. 5C18-MS-II column (20.0 mm x 20.0 mm) was used as the extraction column, with 35% acetonitrile-acetic acid solution (pH 2. 20) as eluent at the speed of 16 mL x min(-1). The sample size was 0.5 mL, and the extraction cycle was 4.5 min. Then, extract liquid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) after being concentrated by 100 times. RESULT: Under the optimal condition of high-pressure solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 10 components were rapidly identified from monoammonium glycyrrhizinate raw materials. Among them, the chemical structures of six micro-constituents were identified as 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-30-0-beta-D-apiopyranosylglycyrrhetic/3-O- [P-D-glucuronopyranosyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-30-O-beta-D-arabinopyranosylglycyrrhetic, glycyrrhizic saponin F3, 22-hydroxyglycyrrhizin/18alpha-glycyrrhizic saponin G2, 3-O-[beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl]-24-hydroxyglycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic saponin J2, and glycyrrhizic saponin B2 by MS(n) spectra analysis and reference to literatures. Four main chemical components were identified as glycyrrhizic saponin G2, 18beta-glycyrrhizic acid, uralglycyrrhizic saponin B and 18alpha-glycyrrhizic acid by liquid chromatography, MS(n) and ultraviolet spectra information and comparison with reference substances. CONCLUSION: The method can be used to identify chemical constituents in monoammonium glycyrrhizinate quickly and effectively, without any reference substance, which provides basis for quality control and safe application of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate-related products.

The Association between Mental Health Symptoms and Quality and Safety of Patient Care before and during COVID-19 among Canadian Nurses.

(1) Background: While the association between nurse mental health and quality and safety of patient care delivery was well documented pre-pandemic, fewer research studies have examined this relationship in the context of COVID-19. This study examines the impact of various mental health symptoms experienced by nurses on quality and safety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Methods: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 4729 and 3585 nurses in one Canadian province between December 2019 and June-July 2020 was conducted. Data were analyzed using between group difference tests and logistic regression; (3) Results: Compared to pre-COVID-19, during COVID-19 nurses reported a higher safety grade, a greater likelihood of recommending their units for care and lower quality of nursing care. Most mental health symptoms were higher during COVID-19 and higher levels of mental health symptoms were correlated with lower ratings of quality and safety both pre- and during COVID-19; (4) Conclusion: Mental health symptoms have implications for nurses' quality and safety of patient care delivery, with the association between mental health symptoms and quality and safety following a dose-response relationship before and during COVID-19. These findings suggest that it is worthwhile for nurse mental health symptoms to be included as hospital level performance metrics.

Osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal cells on electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous membrane.

A novel chitosan/polycaprolactone (CS/PCL) nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning was developed for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to improve mechanical properties and to promote osteogenic differentiation. Firstly, chitosan and PCL solutions of different weight ratios (0/100, 30/70, 50/50) were mixed and then electrospun. Our data demonstrated that the CS/PCL (30/70) nanofibrous membrane promoted an increased rBMSCs proliferation when compared to the CS/PCL (50/50) membrane and pure PCL (0/100) membrane. The highest ALP activity and extracellular calcium deposit were observed on the CS/PCL (30/70) nanofibrous membrane, followed by the CS/PCL (50/50) and pure PCL nanofibrous membrane. Furthermore, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and Runx2 were also significantly higher on the CS/PCL (30/70, 50/50) nanofibrous membrane as compared to the pure PCL nanofibrous membrane. In conclusion, the electrospun CS/PCL nanofibrous membrane was found to be a biocompatible material that could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that the novel CS/PCL membrane has an interesting potential as use for GTR.

[In vitro study of electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan nano fiber membrane guided bone regeneration].

PURPOSE: To explore the effect of electrospining chitosan/polycaprolactone nano fiber membrane on regeneration of bone defects in vitro. METHODS: Chitosan/polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique. According to alkaline phosphatase activity and Western blot results, the ability of osteogenic differentiation of cells by fiber membrane as carrier was evaluated. The data was analyzed statistically with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: The osteogenic differentiation capacity of electrospining chitosan/polycaprolactone nano fiber membrane was significantly higher than the control (without materials), and the difference was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Electrospinning chitosan/polycaprolactone nano fiber membrane can promote osteogenic differentiation of cells in vitro, which provides a scientific basis for clinical regeneration of bone defects.

Clinical observation of cement-retained and screw-retained implant-supported denture in edentulous patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To evaluate the clinical effects of full-arch cement-retained implant-supported combined crowns and screw-retained implant-supported bridge dentures in complete or half edentulous patients. @*Methods @#A total of 25 patients with complete or partial edentulous dentures followed up for 1, 3, and 5 years in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 and were treated with Straumann bone horizontal implantation, cobalt-chromium stenting and cobalt-chromium porcelain restoration with cement-retained and screw-retained implant-supported fixed dental prostheses to evaluate the accumulative implant survival rate, accumulative prosthesis survival rate, mechanical complications, and biological complications in both groups. @*Results @#There were 25 complete or half edentulous patients who received 165 Straumann implants and 28 implant-supported fixed dental prostheses in this study. There were 11 cases with 69 implants in the cement group and 17 cases with 96 implants in the screw group. The accumulative implant survival rate was 100% in the cement group and 96.9% in the screw group. The accumulative prosthesis survival rate was 100% in both groups. The cumulative peri-implant mucositis rate was 23.2% in the cement group and 29.2% in the screw group, and the peri-implantitis rate was 6.8% in the cement group and 7.3% in the screw group. There was 1 case of porcelain collapse (n=1/11) and no screw of abutment loosening in the cement group and 4 cases of porcelain collapse (n=4/17) and 1 case of screw loosening in the screw group. No fracture of abutment was observed in either group. There was no difference in bone loss between the two groups in the first year (P > 0.05), and a higher rate of bone loss was found in the screw group in the third and fifth years (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the sulcus bleeding index(mSBI) between the two groups in the first year and the third year (P > 0.05) and a higher modified mSBI value in the cement group in the fifth year (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion @#The survival rates of the implant and prosthesis for cement-retained or screw-retained implant-supported fixed dental prostheses were both high, but there were more mechanical and biological complications in the traditional cobalt-chromium alloy screw-retainer group. The removal of residual adhesives must be reasonably considered when choosing the cement retention method.