Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents.

Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one's own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents / Revisión de alcance de las habilidades socioemocionales en la prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes / Revisão de escopo sobre habilidades socioemocionais na prevenção do comportamento suicida em adolescentes

Abstract: Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one's own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

Resumen: El fomento de las habilidades socioemocionales se viene destacando entre las evidencias de prevención de la conducta suicida en la infancia y la adolescencia. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar la producción científica nacional e internacional sobre iniciativas y programas de prevención de la conducta suicida en la adolescencia a partir del marco teórico de las habilidades socioemocionales. Se trata de una revisión de alcance que utiliza la metodología propuesta por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se realizaron búsquedas en 11 bases de datos académicas, en sitios web institucionales relacionados con la prevención del suicidio y en Google. Los textos incluidos estaban publicados en portugués, español, francés o inglés, en el período entre 2010 y julio de 2022. La muestra consistió en 97 publicaciones, y se utilizaron la matriz de datos y agrupación temática para analizarlas. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las iniciativas son internacionales y dirigidas al suicidio, sin privilegiar la autolesión. En general, tienen un sesgo informativo e instruccional dirigido a profesionales, instituciones y gobiernos, proyecto de ley, programas y planes de acción, estudios sobre el papel de las habilidades socioemocionales e investigación de intervención. Pocas estrategias habían sido probadas y validadas claramente. Los elementos clave fueron la capacidad de percibir, reconocer, comprender, expresarse y regular las propias emociones, motivarse y establecer relaciones de empatía. Las escuelas son las protagonistas, y el sector salud necesita actuar en una red de colaboración. Se necesitan planes de prevención nacionales y locales, que pongan énfasis en el papel de la escuela, del sector salud y de la articulación intersectorial para la promoción de la salud y la calidad de vida.

Resumo: Promover habilidades socioemocionais tem sido destacado, entre as evidências, como prevenção do comportamento suicida na infância e na adolescência. Este artigo visa mapear e analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre iniciativas e programas de prevenção do comportamento suicida na adolescência baseados no referencial teórico das habilidades socioemocionais. Caracteriza-se por uma revisão de escopo utilizando a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Foram consultadas 11 bases bibliográficas acadêmicas, além de busca em sites institucionais relacionados à prevenção de suicídio e no Google. Foram incluídas publicações em português, espanhol, francês e inglês entre os anos de 2010 a julho de 2022. O acervo foi composto por 97 publicações, analisadas por meio da matriz de dados e agrupamento temático. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das iniciativas é internacional e voltada para o suicídio, sem privilegiar a autolesão. De forma geral, apresentam viés informativo e instrucional voltado para profissionais, instituições e governos, projetos de lei, programas e planos de ação, estudos sobre o papel das competências socioemocionais e pesquisas de intervenção. Poucas estratégias são claramente testadas e validadas. Os elementos-chave são a capacidade para perceber, reconhecer, compreender, expressar e regular as próprias emoções, motivar-se e estabelecer relações de empatia. As escolas são protagonistas e a saúde precisa atuar em rede colaborativa. São necessários planos nacionais e locais de prevenção, enfatizando o papel da escola, do setor saúde e da articulação intersetorial para a promoção de saúde e qualidade de vida.