Molecular Mechanism of Caffeine in Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory complication commonly seen in premature infants. Following continuous advances in neonatal intensive care diagnosis and treatment technology, an increasing number of premature babies are being treated successfully. Despite these remarkable improvements, there has been no significant decline in the incidence of BPD; in fact, its incidence has increased as more extremely preterm infants survive. Therefore, in view of the impact of BPD on the physical and mental health of children and the increased familial and social burden on these children, early prevention of BPD is emphasized. In recent decades, the clinical application of caffeine in treating primary apnea in premature infants was shown not only to stimulate the respiratory center but also to confer obvious protection to the nervous and respiratory systems. Numerous clinical cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that caffeine plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of BPD, but there is a lack of overall understanding of its potential molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of caffeine in the prevention or treatment of BPD, aiming to better guide its clinical application.

The value of TI-RADS combined with superb micro-vascular imagine in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of thyroid imaging report and data system (TI-RADS) combined with superb micro-vascular imagine technique(SMI) in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases from inception through February 31, 2021. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 14.0 and Meta-Disc version 1.4 softwares. We calculated the summary statistics for sensitivity(Sen), specificity(Spe), and receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Six studies that met all inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 408 thyroid malignant nodules and 496 thyroid benign nodules were assessed. All thyroid nodules were histologically confirmed after SMI. The pooled Sen and Spe of TI-RADS were 0.80(95%CI = 0.71-0.87) and 0.82(95%CI = 0.75-0.87); The pooled Sen and Spe of TI-RADS combined with SMI were 0.88 (95%CI = 0.80-0.91) and 0.89 (95%CI = 0.85-0.92). The areas under the SROC curve of TI-RADS and TI-RADS combined with SMI were 0.8874(SE = 0.0165) and 0.9415(SE = 0.0102), between which there was significant difference(Z = 2.789; SE = 0.0194; p = 0.0053). Our meta-analysis indicates that TI-RADS combined with SMI may have high diagnostic accuracy, and is more effective than single TI-RADS in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

The value of TI-RADS combined with superb microvascular imaging in distinguishing thyroid nodules: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As a novel ultrasonic technique, superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can quickly, simply and noninvasively observe the microvascular distribution in a tumor and evaluate the microvascular perfusion. Previous studies have shown that SMI can detect the blood flow signals of neovascularization in tumors and increase the sensitivity for detecting thyroid cancer. However, the results of these studies have been contradictory, and the sample sizes were too small. Therefore, the present meta-analysis will aim at evaluating the value of a thyroid imaging report and data system (TI-RADS) combined with SMI in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Chinese biomedical databases from their inceptions to the June 31, 2020. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records; scanning titles, abstracts, and full texts; collecting data; and assessing risk of bias. Review Manager 5.2 and Stata14.0 software will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This systematic review will evaluate the value of TI-RADS combined with SMI in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: INPLASY202070113.

The diagnostic accuracy of superb microvascular imaging in distinguishing thyroid nodules: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography is the first choice for clinical diagnosis and differentiation of thyroid cancer Currently. However, due to the complexity and overlapping nature of the thyroid nodule sonograms, it remains difficult to accurately identify nodules with atypical ultrasound characteristics. Previous studies showed that superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can detect tumor neovascularization to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. However, the results of these studies have been contradictory with low sample sizes. This meta-analysis tested the hypothesis that SMI is accurate in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases from their inceptions to the August 20, 2020, without language restrictions. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records, scanning titles and abstracts, full texts, collecting data, and assessing risk of bias. Review Manager 5.2 and Stata14.0 software ((Stata Corp, College Station, TX) will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This systematic review will determine the accuracy of SMI in distinguishing thyroid nodules. CONCLUSION: Its findings will provide helpful evidence for the accuracy of SMI in in distinguishing thyroid nodules.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202080084.

The association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome among adolescents in northeast China.

PURPOSE: Data about the association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome in healthy adolescents are sparse. This study examined this association and determined the optimal cutoffs for serum uric acid to predict metabolic syndrome among healthy adolescents. METHODS: During 2010-2011, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 927 adolescents (53.0% boys) aged 11-16 years from junior and senior high schools in northeast China. All participants received a physical examination and gave venous blood samples. RESULTS: Serum uric acid was positively associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension in boys and with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia in girls. For those with hyperurecemia, the odds ratios (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome were 7.67 (95% CI, 2.58~22.78) for boys and 4.77 (95% CI, 1.01~22.60) for girls. SUA was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than fasting glucose, though not as good as waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents in China, serum uric acid level may be a useful predictor of metabolic syndrome.