[Distribution and comparison of melanin in different tissues and organs of Triplophysa stenura and T. orientalis]. / ç»†å°¾é«˜åŽŸé³ å’Œä¸œæ–¹é«˜åŽŸé³ ä¸åŒç»„ç»‡å™¨å®˜é»‘è‰²ç´ çš„åˆ†å¸ƒå’Œæ¯”è¾ƒ.

We examined the distribution characteristics of melanin in different tissues and organs of Triplophysa stenura and T. orientalis by using histological method. The results showed that melanin was distributed in the head skin, dorsal skin, lateral skin, peritoneal kidney layer, spinal cord cavity wall, peritoneal wall layer, pericardial cavity wall, neurocranial cavity wall and eyes of both Triplophysa species. Melanin was not found in the abdomen skin, liver chorion, gonad capsule and spleen capsule. Melanin was distributed in the dermis layer and subcutaneous layer in the skin, and in the endothelial layer or wall layer in other tissues and organs. Melanin was mainly distributed on the back, with sparse and symmetrical distribution on both sides of the body. Melanin was more abundant and densely distributed on the dorsal and lateral skin with stripes than areas without stripes. Melanin in the no stripes skin was only partially aggregated or formed intermittently distributed melanin patches. The distribution of melanin in different tissues and organs of the same Triplophysa species was different, and the percentage of distribution area and thickness of melanin layer were significantly different. However, the distribution characteristics of melanin in the same tissues and organs were similar in two Triplophysa species. The distribution of melanin in the tissues and organs of both species were related to the intensity of ultraviolet radiation they received, which was an adaptation to the intense ultraviolet radiation environment of the plateau.

[Distribution of melanin in the larvae of Schizothorax o'connori]. / å¼‚é½¿è£‚è ¹é±¼ä»”é±¼çš„é»‘è‰²ç´ åˆ†å¸ƒ.

We examined the distribution of melanin during the development of the larvae of Schizothorax o'connori except the eyes with histological method. The results showed that after hatching, the appearance sequence of melanin in different organs were following an order of the outer membrane of neurocranium, the pericardial cavity and the dorsal skin, and the peritoneum and the spinal cord. Specifically, melanin appeared in the outer membrane of neurocranium around 5 DAH (days after hatching), in the pericardial cavity and the back skin at 7 DAH, and in the peritoneum and the spinal cord at 10 DAH. Melanin was found in the skin and internal organs (the outer membrane of neurocranium, the pericardial cavity, the peritoneum, the spinal cord) of S. o'connori at 10 DAH, which was mainly distributed on the back. The appearance and distribution of melanin in the postembryonic development of S. o'connori might be related to the high ultraviolet radiation. Our results could provide reference for further research on the UV protection mechanism of melanin for fish and provide theoretical support for the optimization of rearing conditions for larvae in the plateau.

2-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-chloro-benzo-yl)ethyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(23)H(18)ClN(3)O(3), the essentially planar benzotriazole ring makes dihedral angles of 52.93 (1) and 85.21 (1)°, respectively, with the chloro-phenyl and tolyl rings. The crystal packing is stabilized by π-π [centroid-to-centroid distance 3.830 (2) Å, interplanar distance 3.705 Å, slippage 0.968 Å]; C-H⋯π⋯tolyl ring inter-actions are also present.

Effects of interactions between environmental factors and KIF1B genetic variants on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese cohort.

AIM: To examine the effect of the potential interaction between KIF1B variants (rs17401966 and rs3748578) and environmental factors on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a high-risk region in China. METHODS: Three hundred and six patients with HCC and 306 hospital-based control participants residing in the Shunde region of Guangdong Province, China were enrolled. Clinical characteristics were collected by reviewing the complete medical histories from the patient archives, and epidemiological data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KIF1B (rs17401966 and rs3748578) were chosen for the current study. All subjects were genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multiplicative and additive logistic regression models were used to evaluate various gene-environment interactions. RESULTS: Smoking, frequent consumption of raw freshwater fish, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and a family history of HCC were important risk factors for HCC in this population. Chronic infection with HBV was the most important environmental risk factor for HCC [odds ratio (OR) = 12.02; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 6.02-24.00]. No significant association was found between the KIF1B variants alone and the risk of HCC. Nevertheless, a significant additive effect modification was observed between rs17401966 and alcohol consumption (P for additive interaction = 0.0382). Compared with non-drinkers carrying either the AG or GG genotype of rs17401966, individuals classified as alcohol consumers with the AA genotype of rs17401966 had a significantly increased risk of HCC (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.49-3.74). CONCLUSION: The gene-environment interaction between the KIF1B rs17401966 variant and alcohol consumption may contribute to the development of HCC in Chinese individuals.

Facile synthesis of novel benzotriazole derivatives and their antibacterial activities.

A series of benzotriazole derivatives (compounds 1-27) were synthesized, and 24 (compounds 1-5, 9-27) of which were first reported. Their chemical structures were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, IR and elemental analyses, coupled with one selected single crystal structure (compound 1). All the compounds were assayed for antibacterial activities against three Gram positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis) and three Gram negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae) by MTT method. Among the compounds tested, most of them exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the six bacterial strains. Most importantly, compound 3-benzotriazol-1-yl-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-[1,2,4]triazol-1-ylpropan-1-one (19) showed the most favourable antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and E. cloacae with MIC of 1.56 µg/mL, 1.56 µg/mL, 1.56 µg/mL, 3.12 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL and 6.25 µg/mL, respectively.