RESUMEN
The Jovian magnetosphere assumes a disc-like geometrical configuration ("magnetodisc") owing to the persistent presence of a system of azimuthal currents circulating in a washer-shaped volume aligned with, or near, the magnetic equatorial plane. A Voyager era empirical model of the magnetodisc is fitted to vector magnetic field measurements obtained during the Juno spacecraft's first 24 orbits. The best fitting (within 30 Jovian radii) magnetodisc model is characterized by an inner and outer radius of 7.8 and 51.4 Jovian radii, a half-thickness of 3.6 Jovian radii, with a surface normal at 9.3° from the Jovigraphic pole and 204.2° System 3 west longitude. We supplement the magnetodisc model with a second current system, also confined to the magnetic equatorial plane, consisting of outward radial currents that presumably effect the transfer of angular momentum to outward flowing plasma. Allowing for variation of the magnetodisc's azimuthal and radial current systems from one 53-day orbit to the next, we develop an index of magnetospheric activity that may be useful in interpretation of variations in auroral observations.
RESUMEN
Indirect bonding offers many advantages over direct bonding. The ability to better visualize teeth for proper bracket placement and reduced chair time leads to a less stressful bonding experience for the orthodontist. Conventional approaches to indirect bonding have relied on transfer trays made of materials that are not transparent. After these trays are placed on teeth, one cannot ensure proper seating of the tray and, because of their opaque nature, the orthodontist must use self-cure composites that are very difficult to remove around the brackets after the tray is removed. A new approach has been proposed in this article, which significantly modifies the fabrication of the indirect bonding transfer tray and provides direct visualization and access to the brackets during both the laboratory and clinical stages of the procedure. Furthermore, the orthodontist may use light-cure composite resins, clean off excess composite around the brackets, and apply light curing when fully satisfied with bracket position and hygiene.