Nurses' Attitude Towards Various Hand Hygiene Products. Soap vs Antiseptics.

BACKGROUND: According to the latest recommendations of WHO, in most situations requiring hands treatment, alcohol-based skin antiseptics should be used. This study is aimed to determine the awareness and preferences of nurses in the city of Moscow regarding the choice of methods regarding hand hygiene treatment and the factors influencing this choice. STUDY DESIGN: Using the specially designed questionnaire, 184 nurses working in Moscow hospitals were interviewed to find out the attitude of nurses to various methods of hand hygiene. METHODS: The questionnaire was developed on the basis of WHO Recommendations and Russian Recommendations. The survey was conducted from May 2017 to July 2017. To confirm the statistical significance of the identified associations a chi-square test was used. To find the 95% confidence interval to the relative values the Clopper-Pearson method was used. RESULTS: Only 3 (1.63%) of respondents indicated that they use antiseptic as the most frequently used hand hygiene product, 27 (14.67%) use liquid soap more often, 153 (83.15%) indicated that they use soap and antiseptic with equal frequency. In none of the standard situations we examined the use of antiseptic was the most frequent choice. Only in three cases antiseptic was chosen more often than soap - before and after manipulations with wounds and catheters (36.96%) or before performing invasive procedures (36.41%) and after contact with biological material (29.35%). At the same time nurses with more than 15 years of experience have preferred antiseptic. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the study it can be assumed that despite the implementation of the Russian guidelines on hand hygiene developed according to WHO recommendations, nurses prefer the traditional method of washing hands with soap. This suggests that in the current conditions additional measures are needed to train nurses and to monitor their work.

[Mechanism of development of epidemic process of group A streptococcal infection in children collectives].

AIM: To study the characteristics of group A streptococcal infection epidemic process in children aged 12 - 14 years arrived to summer camp "Orlenok" (Tuapse) from different regions of Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological (retrospective analysis of incidence of acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, and scarlet fever), microbiological (isolation and identification of group A streptococci [GAS]), and molecular biological (pulse-electrophoresis, analysis of spe and emm genes) methods were used for the study. Objects of the study were GAS strains isolated from patients and carriers. RESULTS: Performed genotyping showed that cases of GAS infection in newly formed children collectives were caused by 2 - 3 epidemically important clones, which were genotypically heterogenous. CONCLUSION: Performed molecular biologic studies demonstrated polyclonal structure of GAS that determines the features of development of epidemic process.

[Epidemiology and prophylaxis of hospital infections in obstetric and pediatric hospitals]. / Epidemiologiia i profilaktika vnutribol'nichnykh infektsii v akusherskikh i pediatricheskikh statsionarakh.

The analysis of reports of the obstetric and pediatric hospitals of Moscow for 1991-1998 revealed that, simultaneously with the deterioration of the quality of life of the population, not only a decrease in the birth rate, but also a rise in different forms of pathology in pregnant women and puerperae could be observed. The deterioration of the health characteristics of mothers was accompanied by the growth of high risk groups among newborns as well. Thus, the number of children, born sick or falling sick while staying in the obstetric clinics of Moscow, rose from 208 to 299 o/oo. Simultaneously with the growth of somatic pathology, a significant rise in infectious morbidity rate among newborns from 15 to 43 o/oo and a rise in death rate among newborns due to infectious pathology were noted. A complex of prophylactic measures is proposed. Their introduction will make it possible to decrease the probability of the appearance of severe forms of pathology in pregnant women and newborns, to ensure the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections and to prevent their further growth among puerperae and newborns.

[Methodological aspects of the evaluation of epidemiological safety in maternity hospitals]. / Metodicheskie aspekty otsenki épidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiia v akusherskikh statsionarakh.

The distribution of morbidity and mortality in newborns, as well as morbidity of parturient women, in maternity hospitals of Moscow official have been analyzed according to statistical data for 1996-1999. The methods of cluster analysis (k-medium and tree classification by the method of the next door neighbours) were used. The evaluation of the stability of the distribution of morbidity and mortality in maternity hospitals was made with the use of chi 2 criterion. The specific features of the distribution of morbidity and mortality of newborns, as well as morbidity of parturient women, in the hospitals under study were detected. The methodological approach to the evaluation of epidemiological safety in maternity hospitals was proposed.