Influence of overweight and obesity on perinatal outcomes in assisted reproduction: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: In spontaneous pregnancies, maternal weight and gestational diabetes are independent risk factors for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age newborns. Furthermore, maternal body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 is associated with worse neonatal vitality, classified as an Apgar score of < 7 at the fifth minute of life. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of BMI on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies resulting from assisted reproduction. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether the perinatal outcomes of assisted reproduction are influenced by BMI. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a reproductive medicine center. Patients undergoing assisted reproduction (2013-2020) were divided into three groups according to their BMI (kg/m2): group 1, < 25; group 2, 25-29.9, and group 3, ≥30. In total, 1753 in vitro fertilization embryo transfer cycles were analyzed. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%). The analysis of variance and chi-square test were performed for comparison. To determine the participants and number of cycles for these analyses, generalized estimating equations were used, considering p < 0.05. RESULTS: In groups 1, 2, and 3, the rates of live birth were 33.5, 32.3, and 29.9% (p = 0.668); preeclampsia were 2.9, 6.1, and 6.3% (p = 0.268); small-for-gestational-age newborns were 23, 23.2, and 21.7% (p = 0.965); macrosomia were 1.9, 0.9, and 2.7% (p = 0.708); Apgar score > 7 at the fifth minute were 97.6, 98.2, and 100% (p = 0.616); and preterm birth were 29.6, 30.1, and 35.1% (p = 0.970), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, although the three groups had similar perinatal outcomes in this study, the study population was too small for conclusive results. The higher the BMI, the lower the chances of clinically relevant LBR and the higher the chances of premature labor and preeclampsia.

The impact of body mass index on laboratory, clinical outcomes and treatment costs in assisted reproduction: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on laboratory, clinical outcomes and treatment costs of assisted reproduction, as there are still controversial and inconclusive studies on this subject. METHODS: This research was retrospective cohort study, including women undergoing assisted reproduction in a Reproductive Medicine Center between 2013 and 2020. The participants were divided into groups according to BMI (kg/m2): Group 1 < 25; Group 2, 25-29.9 and Group 3, ≥ 30. A total of 1753 in vitro fertilization (IVF) fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles were included for assisted reproduction outcomes analysis and 1869 IVF-ET plus frozen embryo transfer (FET) for cumulative pregnancy analysis. RESULTS: As higher the BMI, higher was the proportion of canceled IVF cycles (G1 (6.9%) vs. G2 (7.8%) vs. G3 (10.4%), p = 0.002) and gonadotropin's total dose (IU) and treatment costs (G1 (1685 ± 595, U$ 683,02) vs. G2 (1779 ± 610, U$ 721,13) vs. G3 (1805 ± 563, U$ 764,09), p = 0.001). A greater number of mature oocytes was observed in G1 and G2 (6 [6.4-7.0] vs. 6 [5.6-6.6] vs. 4 [4.6-6.7], p = 0.011), which was not found in oocyte maturity rate (p = 0.877). A significant linear tendency (p = 0.042) was found in cumulative pregnancy rates, pointing to worse clinical outcomes in overweight and obese patients. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of considering the higher treatment costs for these patients, beyond all the well-known risks regarding weight excess, fertility, and pregnancy, before starting IVF treatments.

A sharing oocyte donation program: a 15-year cohort stud.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and laboratory outcomes of oocyte donation cycles and compare the results from donors and recipients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a reproductive medicine center. A 586 first fresh oocyte donation cycles, performed from 01/2002 to 12/2017 were included. The outcomes of 290 cycles from donors and 296 from recipients, resulting in 473 fresh embryo transfers, were analyzed. The oocyte division was equally made, whereas, at an odd amount, the donor always had a preference. The data were collected from an electronic database, and analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test or Student t-test depending on the data distribution, and multivariate logistic regression, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: The main results comparing donor and recipient, were, respectively: fertilization rate (72.0±21.4 vs. 74.6±24.2, p<0.001), implantation rate (46.2% vs. 48.5%, p=0.67); clinical pregnancy rate (41.9% vs. 37.7%, p=0.39), live birth rates by transfer (33.3 vs. 37.7, p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Oocyte donation is often the way donors can access in vitro fertilization, and for recipients seems to be a good option for pregnancy. Demographic and clinical characteristics have a secondary role in oocyte donors under 35 years and patient without comorbidities under 50 years and were not associated with pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing the power of oocyte quality on the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. An oocyte-sharing program that offers good and comparable results is fair and worth being encouraged.

Tubal factor, cleavage stage and more than one embryo transferred were risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Ectopic pregnancy is a well-known complication following in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer; studies have questioned, however, whether there are risk factors that could be identified before the procedure. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors involved in ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study performed at an assisted reproduction clinic in Brazil. To select the control group, we used a 1:4 ratio. The study included 499 patients submitted to in vitro fertilization with clinical pregnancy. We collected the data from electronic records, between 2000-2019 and divided into: Group 1, ectopic pregnancy (n=90) and Group 2, intrauterine pregnancies (n=409). RESULTS: When comparing groups, the results observed were: Tubal factor infertility (35.6% vs. 21.1%, p=.005) (OR 2.0 [1.2-3.4], p=.004); Previous miscarriage history (15.1% vs. 7.1%, p<.05) (OR 2.0 [1.02-4.29], p=.044); Number of cleavage-stage embryo transfers (69.2% vs. 54.0 p=.028) (OR 1.9 [1.08-3.33], p=.025); Two or more embryos transferred (OR 2.5 [1.12-5.70], p=.025), all associated with greater ectopic pregnancy risk. Oocyte recipient patients were excluded from this analysis, but when included a difference was found when comparing the groups (9.4% (10/106) vs. 3.0% (13/434), p=.007), (OR 3.3 [1.41-7.98] p=.005); this result should be interpreted with caution because of the sample size. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients, a single blastocyst transfer seems to be a reasonable approach to decrease the ectopic pregnancy risk.

Patients undergoing elective and oncofertility preservation respond similarly to controlled ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation.

OBJECTIVE: Outcome data for oocyte vitrification for fertility preservation are still scarce despite the scientific and technological advances. Studies suggest that patients with cancer have worse outcomes regarding mature vitrified oocytes when compared to healthy patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the oocyte vitrification response in patients undergoing elective and oncofertility preservation. METHODS: The ovarian stimulation response was verified by a cross-sectional and observational study, analyzing data from 367 patients between 2009 and 2018, which were divided into elective group (EG; n=327) and oncofertility group (OFG; n=40). The number of follicles, oocytes, mature oocytes, and duration of the cycle was evaluated, which were compared with clinical and ovarian stimulus data between groups. RESULTS: A significant difference in women's age (31.3±5.8 vs. 37.0±2.9 years; p<0.01) and basal values of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), (4.0 [3.3 - 6.2] vs. 9.0 [5.4 - 9.9] mIU/mL; p<0.01) were observed. When adjusting data for age, FSH and Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone protocols, no significant difference in the number of vitrified mature oocytes between the two groups were observed (6.0 [3.0-11.0] vs. 7.0 [3.0-12.0]; p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, patients undergoing elective and oncofertility preservation seem to respond similarly to controlled ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation. Breast cancer was the most frequent in the OFG (67%).

The Quality of Mobile Apps Used for the Identification of Pressure Ulcers in Adults: Systematic Survey and Review of Apps in App Stores.

BACKGROUND: The increasing global use of smartphones has contributed to the growing use of apps for various health conditions, showing promising results. Through mobile apps, it is possible to perform chronological and iconographic follow-up of wounds, such as pressure ulcers, using a simple and practical tool. However, numerous surveys have pointed out issues related to the functionality, design, safety, and veracity of app information. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of published studies regarding mobile apps and a systematic survey in app stores looking for apps developed to identify, evaluate, treat, and/or prevent pressure ulcers in adults, and to evaluate those apps based on software quality characteristics. METHODS: This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The main bibliographic databases were searched between January 1, 2007 and October 15, 2018, and an app survey was performed in app stores. The selected studies were evaluated according to software quality characteristics by the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ie, ISO/IEC 25010:2011) that involve functionality, efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, safety, maintenance, and portability. RESULTS: The search in databases and web-based app stores returned a total of 2075 studies. After removal of duplicates and screening of titles and abstracts, 48 complete articles were evaluated for eligibility, and among these, six were included for qualitative synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, it was observed that all studies involved the initial phase of app development or improvement, and therefore, the apps still need to be evaluated using different software quality characteristics, so that in the future, a gold standard can be approached. Therefore, the prescription of an app for the identification, evaluation, treatment, and/or prevention of pressure ulcers in adults is currently limited. However, the evaluated studies provided important insights for future research. It is of utmost importance that future surveys develop apps jointly with users, using collaborative and cocreative processes and assess patients in real-world situations across different service settings, and they should consider different ethnicities, so that apps are useful to end users, such as patients, family members, health professionals, and students, in the health area. In addition, it is necessary for studies to describe the methodological course of app development in a clear and objective way in order to ensure reproducibility of the study and to offer inputs to allow future research to approach the development of ideal apps that are geared to positively impact the health of end users. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018114137; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=114137.

Ectopic pregnancy in left ovary and contralateral uterine tube diagnosed one week apart in In Vitro Fertilization with donor eggs: Case report.

Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is a rare clinical condition with an estimated prevalence of 1/200 000 in spontaneous pregnancies. Studies have found that In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is related to ectopic pregnancy independently, but the incidence of tubal disease in the donor egg recipient population is thought to be significantly lower than in the standard IVF population. We report the case of a patient participating in the egg-sharing program, who was diagnosed with ovarian ectopic pregnancy, treated with surgery. After one week, she was diagnosed with tubal ectopic pregnancy in the contralateral tube. The clinician should be aware that the treatment of one ectopic pregnancy does not preclude the occurrence of a second ectopic pregnancy in the same patient and should pay attention to the intra-operatory inspection of both side fallopian tubes in any ectopic pregnancy case. Routine ultrasound after ectopic pregnancy treatment may be reasonable, especially in high risk patients.

Heart valve papillary fibroelastoma associated with cardioembolic cerebral events.

Papillary fibroelastomas of the heart valves are benign, slow-growing, rare tumors of the heart. This tumor represents a potential cause of systemic embolism, stroke, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Early diagnosis is very important, as surgical excision of these tumors can prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is usually made by transesophageal echocardiogram. We describe two cases of patients with papillary fibroelastomas causing cardioembolic cerebral events, which underwent successful surgical treatment. The authors present a brief review of the literature.

Aspectos clínicos e radiológicos da doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob / Clinical and radiological aspects of creutzfeldt-jakob disease

O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os aspectos clínicos e radiológicos da Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob. Esta cursa com demência progressiva e costuma ser fatal em um ano do início dos sintomas. Trata-se de uma patologia infecciosa de diagnóstico definitivo histopatológico. Métodos diagnósticos têm sido estudados a fim de prevenir sua transmissão precocemente. Dentre esses, tem se observado boa correlação clínica com a Ressonância Nuclear Magnética.

The goal of this paper is to review the clinical and radiological aspects of Creutfeldt-Jakob Disease. This presents with progressive dementia and is usually fatal within a year of the onset of symptoms. It is an infectious disease which definitive diagnostic is histopathological. Diagnostic methods have been studied in order to prevent its transmission by detecting it early. Among these methods has been observed good clinical correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Lesões mais prevalentes dos principais espaços supra-hióideos / More prevalent injuries of the main supra-hydroid spaces

O compartimento supra - hióideo costuma ser dividido com base nas suas principais fáscias. Esta forma de localização facilita a identificação do epicentro das lesões e, consequentemente, ajuda a limitar os diagnósticos diferenciais. Este trabalho visa citar a anatomia dos principais espaços supra - hióideos seus conteúdos, e as suas principais afecções.

The supra hyoid compartment is usually divided based on their main fascia. This facilitates the identification of the lesion epicenter and helps to limit the differential diagnosis. This paper aims to cite the anatomy of the main supra hyoid spaces, its contents and its most common pathologies.

Avaliação inicial da síndrome nefrótica na infância / Initial assessment of nephrotic syndrome in childhood

A síndrome nefrótica (SN) é caracterizada por proteinúria maciça, hipoalbuminemia, edema e hipercolesterolemia. Na infância, 80% dos casos correspondem à SN primária ou idiopática (SNI), correspondendo o restante a causas secundárias e associação com doenças sistêmicas, metabólicas, infecciosas, entre outras. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, o presente artigo dissertará sobre a avaliação inicial da síndrome nefrótica na infância e o manejo da mesma, com ênfase em abordagem na unidade de emergência pediátrica.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is portrayed by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hypercholesterolemia. In childhood, 80% of cases correspond to the primary or idiopathic NS, and the remainder comprises the secondary causes and association with systemic, metabolic and infectious diseases, among others. Through a bibliographic review, the present article will dissert over the initial evaluation of nephrotic syndrome in childhood and its management, with emphasis on approach in the pediatric emergency room.

Heart valve papillary fibroelastoma associated with cardioembolic cerebral events / Fibroelastoma papilífero de valva cardíaca associado a eventos cerebrais cardioembólicos

Papillary fibroelastomas of the heart valves are benign, slow-growing, rare tumors of the heart. This tumor represents a potential cause of systemic embolism, stroke, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Early diagnosis is very important, as surgical excision of these tumors can prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is usually made by transesophageal echocardiogram. We describe two cases of patients with papillary fibroelastomas causing cardioembolic cerebral events, which underwent successful surgical treatment. The authors present a brief review of the literature.

Fibroelastoma papilífero é um tumor benigno, raro e de crescimento lento, que geralmente tem origem no endocárdio das valvas cardíacas. Este tumor representa uma causa potencial de embolia sistêmica, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e morte súbita. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental, já que a excisão cirúrgica pode evitar complicações cerebrovasculares e cardiovasculares. O diagnóstico geralmente é feito pelo ecocardiograma transesofágico. Neste trabalho, são descritos dois casos de pacientes com fibroelastoma papilífero de valva aórtica, causando eventos cerebrais cardioembólicos, que foram submetidos com sucesso a tratamento cirúrgico. Apresenta-se, ainda, uma sucinta revisão da literatura.

Amiloidose laríngea / Laryngeal Amyloidosis

A amiloidose é uma doença idiopática caracterizada pelo depósito extracelular de uma substância amorfa de natureza protéica, causando dano tecidual. Afeta indivíduos entre 40 e 60 anos, com um pico de incidência na quinta década de vida e acomete mais freqüentemente o sexo masculino em uma proporção de 3:1. A amiloidose laríngea é geralmente uma doença localizada e raramente é associada com doença sistêmica, sendo a rouquidão a queixa mais comum. Os achados laringoscópicos são variáveis e inespecíficos. O diagnóstico é confirmado pelo exame anatomopatológico (AP) através do teste com vermelho de Congo. Tradicionalmente o tratamento inclui exérese total ou parcial da lesão, para manter uma via aérea funcional e um bom padrão vocal. Apresentamos três casos de amiloidose laríngea.

Amyloidosis is an idiopathic disease characterized by extracellular deposition of an amorphous substance of protein nature, causing tissue damage. It affects individuals between 40 and 60 years, with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life and most often affecting males in a 3:1 ratio. Laryngeal amyloidosis is usually a localized disease and is rarely associated with systemic disease, hoarseness being the most common complaint. The laryngoscopic findings are variable and nonspecific. The diagnosis is confirmed by anatomopathologic examination (AP) by the Congo red test. Traditionally, the treatment includes partial or total excision of the lesion, to maintain a functional airway and a good vocal pattern. Here we present three cases of laryngeal amyloidosis.