Warm autoadsorption using ZZAP.

CONCLUSIONS: The masking of clinically significant alloantibodies by warm autoantibodies presents challenges in pretransfusion testing. The adoption of transfusion practices such as the issuing of "least incompatible" red blood cells (RBCs) without a complete antibody workup is potentially unsafe for patients. Several autoadsorption methods can be used to remove autoantibody reactivity. ZZAP treatment of autologous RBCs is an efficient way to prepare the cells for autoadsorption. Autoadsorbed serum or plasma can then be used to remove autoantibody reactivity and identify clinically significant alloantibodies.

Use of standard laboratory methods to obviate routine dithiothreitol treatment of blood samples with daratumumab interference.

CONCLUSIONS: Daratumumab is an antibody currently used in the treatment of patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Blood samples from patients being treated with daratumumab may show panreactivity during pre-transfusion testing. To facilitate the provision of blood components for such patients, it is recommended that a baseline phenotype or genotype be established prior to starting treatment with daratumumab. If patient red blood cells (RBCs) require phenotyping after the start of daratumumab treatment, dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of the patient's RBCs should be performed. The medical charts of four patients treated with daratumumab were reviewed. The individual number of doses ranged from 1 to 14; patient age ranged from 55 to 78 years; two men and two women were included in the review. Type and screen data were obtained from samples collected over 33 encounters with a range of 1 to 13 encounters per patient. All samples were tested initially by automated solid-phase testing. Any reactivity with solid phase led to tube testing with either low-ionic-strength saline, polyethylene glycol, or both. If incubation failed to eliminate the reactivity, the sample was sent to a reference laboratory for DTT treatment and phenotyping. Of the 33 samples tested, 23 (69.7%) samples had reactivity in solid-phase testing. In 8 of the 10 samples that did not react in solid-phase, testing was conducted more than four half-lives after the last dose of daratumumab. Of the 23 that had reactivity in solid-phase, 16 (69.6%) samples demonstrated loss of reactivity using common laboratory methods. For the seven patients whose sample reactivity was not initially eliminated, six were provided with phenotypically matched blood based on prior molecular testing. Only one sample was sent out for DTT treatment. These results suggest that daratumumab interference with pre-transfusion testing can be addressed using common laboratory methods. This finding could save time and money for laboratories that do not have DTT available.