Inosamycin, a complex of new aminoglycoside antibiotics. II. Structure determination.

Structures of the new aminocyclitol antibiotics, inosamycins A, B, C, D and E, have been determined by a combination of chemical degradation and spectroscopic studies. They are structurally related to neomycin, paromomycin and ribostamycin but differ in that all the inosamycin components contain 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine in place of 2-deoxystreptamine in the known aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Tallysomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic complex related to bleomycin. I. Production, isolation and properties.

The unusual actinomycetes strain No. E465-94 produced a complex of new glycopeptide antibiotics tallysomycin, which was separated by CM-Sephadex chromatography into two major components, A (C68H107N21O27S2) and B (C62H95N19O26S2). They were isolated first in a copper-chelated form and showed physico-chemical properties similar to those of the bleomycin-group of antibiotics. Tallysomycin exhibited broad antibacterial and antifungal activity, and was highly active in vivo against bacterial infections in mice. Tallysomycins A and B demonstrated potent activity in the prophage induction of lysogenic bacteria.

Sorbistin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. I. Production, isolation and properties.

A strain of a new Pseudomonas species produced the aminoglycoside antibiotic complex, sorbistin, which was separated by ion-exchange chromatography into three bio-active components A1, A2 and B, and two bio-inactive components C and D. Sorbistins A1, A2 and B showed moderate intrinsic activity against a wide range of bacterial species and inhibited most of the aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Sorbistin A1 exhibited the highest activity among the three bio-active components. Sorbistins showed low order of acute toxicity in mice.

Sorbistin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. II. Isolation and taxonomy of sorbistin-producing organism.

The sorbistin-producing organism Pseudomonas sorbicinii nov. sp. has been isolated from a soil sample by psychrophilic pre-incubation technique. The organism resembles P. fluorescens in many respects but differs in some of the important physiological characteristics such as oxidase production, media specificity for the production of fluorescent pigment, and carbohydrate utilization pattern. The type strain No. D946-B83, has been deposited under the numbers ATCC 31086 and FERM-P 3328.

Sorbistin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. III. Structure determination.

The structures of sorbistins A1, A2, B, C and D have been determined including stereo-chemistry. Sorbistins A1, A2 and B are composed of a 4-acyl-amino-4-deoxy-D-glucose and 1,4-diamino-1,4-dideoxy-D-sorbitol, the latter compound being hitherto undescribed in literature. Sorbistins C and D have the same aglycone of 1,4-diamino-1,4-dideoxy-D-sorbitol, which is linked with D-glucose and 4-amino-4-deoxy-D-glucose, respectively, through a glycosidic bond.

Taxonomy of the antibiotic Bu-2313-producing organism. Microtetraspora caesia sp. nov.

An aerobic actinomycete strain isolated from an Indian soil sample and designated No. E864-61 was found to produce in submerged fermentation a new antibiotic complex, Bu-2313 (components A and B). Strain E864-61 forms single, pairs or chains of three to eight spores on the aerial mycelium and its aerial mass color is grayish blue-green. The cell wall of strain E864-61 contains meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose. Strain E864-61 has been classified as a new species of the genus Microtetraspora and designated as Microtetraspora caesia sp. nov.

Bu-2313, a new antibiotic complex active against anaerobes. I. Production, isolation and properties of Bu-2313 A and B.

An unidentified oligosporic actinomycete strain, No. E864-61, produced two new antibiotics, Bu-2313 A (C27H35NO9) and Bu-2313 B (C26H33NO9). Bu-2313 A and B each exhibited a broad antibiotic spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and showed in vivo activity against experimental infections produced by B. fragilis and C. perfringens. Bu-2313 also inhibited some aerobic bacteria such as streptococci. Bu-2313 B was approximately two-fold more active than Bu-2313 A.

Bu-2313, a new antibiotic complex active against anaerobes. II. Structure determination of Bu-2313 A and B.

The structures of Bu-2313 A and B have been determined. They are dienoyltetramic acid-containing antibiotics structurally related to streptolydigin and tirandamycin.

Bu-2470, a new peptide antibiotic complex. I. Production, isolation and properties of Bu-2470 A, B1 and B2.

A strain of Bacillus circulans produced a complex of basic peptide antibiotics designated Bu-2470, which was found to contain four active components, A, B1, B2a and B2b. Bu-2470 A specifically inhibited various Pseudomonas species including P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia and P. putida, but otherwise its antibacterial spectrum was limited to certain Gram-negative organisms. Bu-2470 B1 and B2 (B2a + B2b) showed broad antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas species. The physicochemical and biological properties of Bu-2470 B1 and B2 are very similar to those of the octapeptin group of antibiotics.

Glysperin, a new antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. I. Production, isolation and properties.

Strains of Bacillus cereus produced a complex of new antibiotics, glysperins A, B and C. They are basic, water-soluble antibiotics and active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Glysperin A is a major component of the antibiotic complex and approximately two to four times more active than components B and C.

Inosamycin, a complex of new aminoglycoside antibiotics. I. Production, isolation and properties.

A strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus No. J296-21 (ATCC 39150) was found to produce a complex of new antibiotics, called inosamycins, which consisted of components A, B, C, D and E. They are novel aminocyclitol antibiotics structurally related to neomycin, paromomycin and ribostamycin. The antibiotic complex and each component of inosamycin exhibit a broad antibacterial spectrum but they are inactive against most of the aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. The antibacterial activity of inosamycin A, the major component of the complex, is comparable to that of neomycin but its acute toxicity is significantly lower (ca. 1/3) than that of neomycin.

Streptoalloteichus, a new genus of the family Actinoplanaceae.

A new genus Streptoalloteichus is proposed in the family Actinoplanaceae to distinguish species of actinomycetes which form short or long spore-chains on aerial mycelium, bears oval sporangia with motile spores and has a characteristic cell-wall composition of strain C677-91 type. Strain C677-91 (ATCC 31217, FERM-P No. 4070) was named Streptoalloteichus hindustanus gen. nov. and sp. nov. The actinomycete strain C677-91 produces spore-chain clusters and sclerotia in the aerial mycelium which are morphologically similar to those found in some species of Streptomyces. The cultural characteristics of the strain on agar media also resemble those of Streptomyces species and the colonies have no distinct color. Strain C677-91 produces sporangia or sporangia-like vesicles which contain one to several spores in the vegetative mycelium. The sporangiospores possess a single long polar flagellum and are motile. The cell wall of strain C677-91 contains meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and glucosamine. Strain C677-91 has several important characteristics in common with Streptomyces tenebrarius including the production of nebramycin factors but the latter strain does not produce sporangia.