[Multi-injection thoracic paravertebral anesthesia during breast cancer operations].

Radical and/or reconstructive operations on the breast are a common surgical procedure. Despite treatment advances, this surgical intervention is frequently associated with postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting. When used during breast cancer operations, multi-injection thoracic paravertebral anesthesia (TPVA) has the potential that is necessary for the long-term preventive treatment of pain with fewer numbers of complications. The authors compared TPVA with general anesthesia in 180 patients (with the morphologically verified diagnosis of breast cancer) when radical and/or reconstructive operations were performed on the breast. According to the type of anesthesia, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 90 persons in each: (1) those undergoing TPVA with intravenous sedation; (2) those who were given the traditional multicomponent general anesthesia. Postoperative pain was much less in the TPVA group following 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours (p < 0.01) at rest and in motion. There is evidence suggesting that it is just the procedure that may become a main alternative to the traditional general anesthesia in a clinic that has sufficient experience with regional anesthesia and appropriate equipment, with minimum complications and a qualitatively better period of recovery.

[Change in the protein kinase activity of glandular stomach mucosa in rats during malignant transformation]. / Izmeneniia aktivnosti proteinkinaz slizistoi obolochki zhelezistogo zheludka krysy pri zlokachestvennoi transformatsii.

Changes in the activity of protein kinases in the glandular stomach mucosa of rat were studied in the case of carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine. No essential changes in the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (histone kinase) were found in the mucosa as well as in tissues of the developed tumours of the rat glandular stomach. The activity of cAMP-independent protein kinase (casein kinase) increased significantly 3 months after the beginning of the carcinogen administration and at the late stages (after 12-15 months) it was decreased considerably both in the glandular stomach tumours and in the stomach mucosa without the characters of the malignant growth. It is supposed that changes in the activity of casein kinase in the stomach mucosa at the late carcinogenesis stages are associated with the neoplastic transformation and precede the appearance of morphological characters of the malignization.

[The effect of exogenous peroxidase on the intensity of luminol-dependent macrophage chemiluminescence]. / Vliianie ékzogennoi peroksidazy na intensivnost' liuminolzavisimoi khemiliuminestsentsii makrofagov.

The influence of exogenous horse-radish peroxidase on the capacity of mouse peritoneal macrophages to luminol-dependent chemiluminescence induced by zymosan was investigated. It was revealed that peroxidase (1-50 mg/ml) increased the chemiluminescence in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum increase of the response (4-6 times) was obtained with the enzyme concentration being 10 mg/ml. It is found that peroxidase acts as a co-oxidant of the peroxide-dependent extracellular luminol oxidation. The including of the enzyme into macrophages makes it possible to register the intracellular chemiluminescence.

[The trigger function of cAMP in regulating the chemiluminescence of macrophages exposed to ethanol]. / Triggernaia funktsiia tsAMF v reguliatsii khemiliuminestsentsii makrofagov pri vozdeistvii étanola.

The capacity of mouse peritoneal macrophages to luminol-dependent zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was investigated. It was revealed that a short-term incubation (5-10 min) of macrophages in 0.05-0.50% ethanol resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of chemiluminescent response. Ethanol induce a sharp 2-3 fold increase in the intracellular cAMP content after a 2 minutes incubation. The temporal and concentration correlation of both the processes suggests that the inhibition of chemiluminescence may be mediated by the intracellular cAMP content.

[The effect of serotonin on the functional activity of monocytes]. / Vliianie serotonina na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' monotsitov.

The treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes with serotonin at concentrations 10(-3) and 10(-5) M over 20 minutes decreases a zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of cells, whereas a 5 minutes treatment with serotonin at the concentration of 10(-5) M increases the chemoluminescence. The correlated change in monocyte capacity of secreting hydrogen peroxide has been registered. Serotonin activates, to a little extent, the monocyte capacity of phagocytizing the opsonised sheep erythrocyte. The maximum increase (2-3 times) of intracellular cAMP content and the decrease in cytosol cAMP-binding capacity are registered after a 5 minutes incubation. The lowering of the share of irreversibly bound in vitro cAMP under the influence of serotonin may suggest a preferable binding of cyclic nucleotide in vivo by regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I.

[The cytolytic function of mononuclear phagocytes. I. The dependence of the mechanisms regulating and realizing the cytolytic function of macrophages on their origin and the mode of activation]. / Issledovanie tsitoliticheskoi funktsii mononuklearnykh fagotsitov. I. Zavisimost' mekhanizmov reguliatsii i realizatsii tsitologicheskoi funktsii makrofagov ot ikh proiskhozhdeniia i sposoba aktivatsii.

It has been shown that the induction of cytolytic activity in macrophages cause remarkable metabolic and morpho-structural shifts in effector cells, such as: 1) an expression of trypsin-sensitive receptors responsible for macrophage binding to malignant cells; 2) some differences in macrophage sensitivity to the cAMP system modifiers dependent on the activation inducer nature; 3) an enhanced production of oxygen metabolites directly involved in oxygen-dependent cytotoxicity of macrophages; 4) augmentation of lysosomal contents and activation of lysosomal enzymes. The inhibitor analysis enabled us to identify the main lytic components acting in the process of cytolytic functioning of macrophages of different origin and activation.

[The cytolytic function of mononuclear phagocytes. II. Factors that determine the binding and lysis of tumor cells by activated macrophages]. / Issledovanie tsitoliticheskoi funktsii mononuklearnykh fagotsitov. II. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie sviazyvanie i lizis opukholevykh kletok aktivirovannymi makrofagami.

The effects of various modifiers upon the interaction of LPS- and BCG-activated macrophages with cells of mastocytoma P815 have been investigated. The efficiency of binding and lysis of the tumor cells is to a great extent determined by activation of the effector-cells, expression of the trypsin-sensitive receptors on the surface of macrophages, and by the type of target-cells. Introduction into the analytical system (effector-target) of unlabeled tumor cells or membrane preparations obtained from them inhibits substantially both binding and lytic activity of cytotoxic macrophages. If nontransformed cells or their membranes are applied, no significant changes in the investigated processes can be detected. Trypsinization of tumor cells as well as of activated but not resident macrophages modifies considerably the interaction of effectors with targets. The quantity of tumor cells bound with macrophages does not depend on the fact, which of the partners is subject to trypsinization, but it is much less than that of target-cells bound in the control. The incubation of activated macrophages with actinomycin D results in a substantial suppression of their lytic activity, whereas treatment of tumor cells with this inhibitor of protein synthesis leads to a considerable decrease in stability of the targets against lytic activity of the factor activated by effectors. The obtained data reveal the ways of selective binding and effective lysis of transformed targets by activated macrophages.

[Effects of cerebrospinal fluid preparation from male and female patients with opiate dependence on rat open-field behavior]. / Vliianie preparata likvora patsientov s opiinoi zavisimost'iu muzhskogo i zhenskogo pola na povedenie krys-retsipientov v teste otkrytogo polia.

The effects of the intranasal administration of preparations made from the cerebrospinal fluid of male and female opiate users on the open-field rat behavior were studied. Behavioral differences were demonstrated in the effects of preparations from female and male cerebrospinal fluid. The administration of the "male" preparation produced a significant decrease in the locomotor activity and increase in the immobilization time and grooming duration, while the "female" preparation had the opposite effects. These differences may result from different content of endogenous and exogenous opiates and dopamine (and its metabolites) in the cerebrospinal fluid of male and female opiate users.

[Cyclic nucleotides in the regulation system of cell proliferation and differentiation]. / Tsiklicheskie nukleotidy v sisteme reguliatsii kletochnoi proliferatsii i differentsirovki.

The paper deals with certain aspects in the role of cyclic nucleotides in cell differentiation and proliferation. The content of cyclic nucleotides and activity of protein kinases are determined for the cell cycle stages of a synchronous plasmodium culture of true myxomycete Physarum polycephalum. Studies in the biological role of the brain cAMP-dependent protein kinase show that during phosphorylation of nuclei from the brain and subsequent isolation of chromatin its matrix activity is higher than the control one. When a regulatory subunit is added to the standard RNA-polymerase reaction, the total level of transcription increases for eucaryote RNA-polymerase. The constant of the regulatory subunit binding with chromatin from the brain is 10(10) M-1. Studies in translocation of tritium-labelled cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its subunits to interphase nuclei and in acception of these proteins by metaphase chromosomes in different cell cultures state that sAMP-dependent protein kinase penetrates into the nucleus in the dissociated state. It is established that disturbance of the regulatory subunits translocation into the nucleus and its acception by chromosomes when cell are transformed by SV40 virus is completely restored by adding cAMP. For cells, which suffered the malignant transformation of another type (spontaneous human cancer--KB, HeLa), and essential nuclear translocation and a complete absence of acception by chromosomes for the regulatory subunit are found. An assumption is made that compartmentation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, in particular of its regulatory subunit, plays an important role in the organism vital activity and disturbances arising in neoplastic transformation are connected with changes in translocation and acception of the regulatory subunit in the nucleus.

[Effect of the kallikrein-kinin system on gastric mucosa]. / Vliianie kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy na slizistuiu obolochku zheludka.

I. m.administration of andecalin increased vascular permeability, induced microhemorrhages in the gastric mucosa and intensified secretion of mucopolysaccharides in patients. Bradykinin inhibited secretion of hydrochloric acid in the frog gastric mucosa. Activity of the kallikrein -kinin system was found to be increased in the blood flowing from the stomach as compared with the system activity in peripheral venous blood in dogs. The kallikrein -kinin system seems to participate in regulation of basic gastric functions, particularly in inhibiting the gastric secretion and in regulation of the mucosa defense barrier.

[Trigger function of cyclic AMP in the initiation of HCl secretion by the frog gastric mucosa]. / Triggernaia funktsiia tsiklicheskogo AMF v initsiatsii sekretsii HCl slizistoi obolochkoi zheludka liagushki.

Histamine (0.3 mM) caused a rapid but transient increase in cAMP level prior to a rise in HCl secretion in the isolated gastric mucosa of frog Rana esculenta. H2-receptor blocking agent cimetidine (0.01 mM) suppressed HCl secretion which had been preceded by a decrease in cAMP level. No statistically significant changes in cGMP content were found. Dibutyryl cAMP imitated the effect of histamine. In frogs captured in spring, with a high level of HCl secretion and high content of cAMP, histamine exerted no stimulating effect. It seems to be the cAMP and not cGMP that acts either as a trigger in activation of HCl secretion or as a stabilizer of induced secretion.

[Role of the adenylate cyclase system in utilization of succinate by the frog gastric mucosa]. / Rol' adenilattsiklaznoi sistemy v utilizatsii suktsinata slizistoi obolochkoi zheludka liagushki.

Interrelationship between the adenylate cyclase system state and utilization of succinate as a substrate of oxidation in mechanisms of HCl secretion by isolated gastric mucosa of frog Rana esculenta was studied. The inhibition of the protein synthesis by cycloheximide rendered gastric mucosa insensitive to the activation of HCl secretion by histamine and succinate. A similar effect was exerted by cimetidine, a blocking agent for H2-receptors. The blockade could be prevented with dibutyryl-cAMP. The seasonal dependence of activation of HCl secretion by specific and unspecific modifiers was discovered. The data obtained show the necessity of preliminary activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of limiting content of cAMP for the utilization of succinate in reactions of generation and transport of H+ by acid-producing cells of isolated gastric mucosa in frog.

[Characteristics of histamine-sensitive adenyl cyclase from cells of the gastric mucosa of the rat]. / Kharakteristika gistamin-chuvstvitel'noi adenilattsiklazy iz kletok slizistoi obolochki zheludka krysy.

Effects exerted by specific modifiers and ions on the adenylate cyclase activity of coarse membrane fractions of cells isolated from the rat gastric mucosa, were investigated. Fluoride ions cause 7-8-fold activation of the enzyme affecting neither the enzyme's affinity towards Mg2+-ATP, nor the cooperativeness of substrate binding. Cations Mg2+ and Mn2+ produce activating while Ca2+ inhibiting effects. GTP (10-5 M) enhances histamine activation of the enzyme and reduces maximal stimulating concentrations of histamine. GTP and Gpp(NH)p exert activating action on the enzyme causing 2- and 5-fold activation, resp. Adenosine suppresses the enzyme activity, the effect being potentiated by GTP. The plausible role of N-protein in the regulation of the enzyme activity is discussed.

[Determination of cyclic AMP and protein kinases in the diagnosis of colonic tumors]. / Opredelenie tsAMF i proteinkinaz v diagnostike opukholei tolstoi kishki.

The cAMP level and the activity of cAMP-dependent and independent protein kinases were measured in adenomatous polyps, villous polyps (premalignant condition) and adenocarcinomas. The cAMP concentration and ratio of cAMP level versus cAMP-independent casein kinase activity were significantly lower in adenocarcinomas compared to adenomatous polyps, thus permitting differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. The cAMP versus cAMP-dependent histone kinase level ratio was used as a test for differentiation between malignancies and premalignant condition. It was markedly lower in adenocarcinomas than in villous polyps.

[Changes in protein kinase activity of the skin in cancer]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti proteinkinaz v kozhe pri rake.

The phosphorylating enzymes of human skin were studied in bioptic samples of normal tissue (18 samples) and tumors (21 cases), melanomas and basaliomas, which developed in different regions of head and face. The activity of cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent protein kinases was tested in skin extracts using histone HI and casein as substrates of phosphorylation, respectively. In most tumors the casein kinase activity was found to be significantly elevated (about 10-fold) as compared with normal counterparts. The histone kinase activity was only slightly elevated in tumors (by 30%). For each bioptic sample the ratio of histone kinase activity versus casein kinase activity was calculated. In normal skin this ratio constituted from 1 to 3.7, while in 90% of samples it was higher than 1.5. In all tumors except one the ratio was decreased down to 0.2-0.9. The effect did not depend upon the type of malignancy and tumor location. The change in the protein kinase ratio is considered to be a specific feature of transformed tissue.

[Protein kinase activity and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in the rat colonic mucosa during chemical carcinogenesis]. / Aktivnost' proteinkinaz i fosforilirovaniia éndogennykh belkov v slizistoi obolochke tolstoi kishki krysy pri khimicheskom kantserogeneze.

Treatment with a single dose of 21 mg/kg, of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was followed by a significant decrease in the level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (histone kinase) in rats' large bowel mucosa after 72 hrs. However, its level returned to basal value after 2 weeks, with casein kinase level remaining unchanged. Both carcinogen--induced tumors of the large bowel and adjacent mucosa showed a drop in protein (mol. wt.-50 kdalton) was enhanced in tumor considerably.

[Protein kinase activity and cAMP level in gastric mucosa in non-neoplastic diseases]. / Aktivnost' proteinkinaz i soderzhanie cAMP v slizistoi obolochke zheludka pri neopukholevykh zabolevaniiakh.

Activity of cAMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases as well as content of cAMP were studied in biopsy preparations of gastric mucosal membranes obtained from patients with superficial gastritis, erosion, ulcer, adenomatous polyps and ulcer after treatment with laser irradiation. All the patterns studied were similar in preparations of adenomatous polyps and normal mucosal membrane. Activity of cAMP-independent protein kinases was increased under conditions of erosion, ulcer, gastroduodenal reflux and, especially, in ulcer tissue treated with laser. However, the ratio between cAMP-independent and -dependent phosphorylation was increased only in 50% of ulcerous diseases and in gastroduodenal reflux. The equilibrium of cAMP-dependent and -independent phosphorylation was not altered in the other impairments studied even though benign proliferation was stimulated using laser irradiation.

[The enhanced relative intensity of cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in stomach tumors]. / Uvelichenie otnositel'noi intensivnosti cAMP-nezavisimogo fosforilirovaniia belkov v opukholiakh zheludka.

The activity of cAMP-dependent histone kinases (HK) and cAMP-independent casein kinases (CK) as well as cAMP level were assessed in gastric mucosa affected by various forms of gastritis as well as in gastric tumor and adjacent normal tissue. CK activity was higher whereas that of HK and cAMP level were lower in tumor and at a distance of 5-20 cm from its edge as compared to gastritis. CK/HK cAMP ratio in adenocarcinoma was 6 times that in normal tissue and 2-2.5 times that in gastritis. The data obtained and those published earlier suggest the relative increase in cAMP-independent protein phosphorylation with respect to its cAMP-dependent counterpart to be characteristic of human tumors.

[Assessment of the reserve potentials of the circulatory system in patients in the postoperative period]. / Otsenka rezervnykh vozmozhnostei sistemy krovoobrashcheniia u bol'nykh v posleoperatsionnom periode.

The author discusses the results of studying in dynamics the cardiac output during infusion therapy conducted at the same rate in patients in the postoperative period. A pathogenetic scheme of the response of the cardiovascular system to the volume load is suggested.