RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ischaemic stroke is rare during childhood. Congenital and acquired heart diseases are one of the most important risk factors for arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all children with AIS and heart disease diagnosed between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS: We included 74 children with heart disease who were eligible for inclusion. 60% were boys with a mean stroke age of 11 months. 20% of the patients died during the study period. 90% of the patients had a congenital heart disease, while cyanotic heart disease was identified in 60%. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was the most frequent heart disease. In 70% of patients AIS was directly associated with heart surgery, catheterisation or ventricular assist devices. Most patients with AIS were in the hospital. Seizures and motor deficit were the most frequent symptoms. Most patient diagnoses were confirmed by brain CT. The AIS consisted of multiple infarcts in 33% of the cases, affected both hemispheres in 27%, and involved the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation in 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial ischaemic strokes were mainly associated with complex congenital heart diseases, and heart procedures and surgery (catheterisation). AIS presented when patients were in-hospital and most of the patients were diagnosed in the first 24hours.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/complicaciones , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
cDNA segments copied from the RNA of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) C1-Santa Pau (isolate C-S8) have been cloned in plasmid pBR322. A 998-bp DNA fragment, that includes the region coding for capsid protein VP1, the carboxy terminus of VP3, and the amino terminus of precursor protein p52 has been sequenced. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence with those from FMDV O1K, A(10)61, A12 and C3 Indaial (Kurz et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 9 (1981) 1919-1931; Kleid et al., Science 214 (1981) 1125-1129; Boothroyd et al., Gene 17 (1982) 153-161; Makoff et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 10 (1982) 8285-8295) indicates extensive variability between the corresponding gene segments, including short insertions and deletions. Base transversions are more frequent than transitions within the VP1 coding segment, but not in the sequence coding for the amino-terminal end of p52. The nucleotide sequence divergence is reflected in variability in both the primary and the predicted higher-order structures of the encoded VP1s.
Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/genética , ADN/genética , Proteínas Virales/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Clonación Molecular , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Proteínas Estructurales ViralesRESUMEN
The complete genetic information contained in the influenza virus RNA segment 7 of the A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) strain has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of the complementary dsDNA and its insertion into plasmid pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA segment has been determined from the cDNA insert. It is 1027 nucleotides long, and contains two open reading frames, as shown for other influenza virus strains. When compared with the previously published sequence for the A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) strain, 15 nucleotide exchanges are observed, most of them silent mutations, and only two causing amino acid changes in each of the M1 and M2 protein sequences.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Virus de la Influenza A/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Rates of fixation of mutations during the evolution of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) C1 in nature have been estimated by hybridization of viral RNA to cloned cDNAs representing defined FMDV genome segments, and comparison of the selected RNAs by T1 RNase oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Values ranged from less than 0.04 X 10(-2) to 4.5 X 10(-2) substitutions per nucleotide per year (s/nt/yr), depending on the time period and the genomic segment considered. Rates for viral structural protein genes were up to sixfold higher than for nonstructural protein genes. Values in excess of 10(-2) s/nt/yr have been measured for the RNA region that encodes VP1-VP3. The nucleotide sequences of the major immunogenic region of capsid protein VP1 have been determined for six new FMDV C1 isolates, and they are compared with the two previously known sequences of FMDV C1 (C-S8 and C1-O). Both oligonucleotide fingerprinting of selected RNA fragments and direct nucleotide sequencing demonstrate that genetic heterogeneity exists among three viruses isolated on the same day, introducing a significant indetermination in the evaluation of fixation rates of mutations. During the FMDV C1 outbreak, amino acid substitutions did occur that are known to affect the immunological properties of the virus. The proportion of mutations between two viral RNAs does not increase significantly with the time elapsed between the two isolations, suggesting a cocirculation of multiple, related, nonidentical FMDVs ('evolving quasispecies') as the mode of evolution of this agent.
Asunto(s)
Aphthovirus/genética , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Fiebre Aftosa/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Evolución Biológica , Cápside/genética , Cápside/inmunología , Mutación , Oligorribonucleótidos/análisis , ARN Viral/análisis , PorcinosRESUMEN
We review evidence that cloned (or uncloned) populations of most RNA viruses do not consist of a single genome species of defined sequence, but rather of heterogeneous mixtures of related genomes (quasispecies). Due to very high mutation rates, genomes of a quasispecies virus population share a consensus sequence but differ from each other and from the consensus sequence by one, several, or many mutations. Viral genome analyses by sequencing, fingerprinting, cDNA cloning etc. indicate that most viral RNA populations (quasispecies) contain all possible single and double genomic site mutations and varying proportions of triple, quadruple, etc. site mutations. This quasispecies structure of RNA virus populations has many important theoretical and practical implications because mutations at only one or a few sites may alter the phenotype of an RNA virus.
Asunto(s)
Genes Virales , Virus ARN/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN/metabolismo , Mutación , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Purified human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) P phosphoprotein from transfected HEp-2 cells is able to oligomerize forming tetramers. The bulk of constitutive P protein phosphorylation (99. 8%) (serine residues 116, 117, 119, 232 and 237) can be removed without affecting protein oligomerization. However, dephosphorylated P protein, produced in bacteria, is unable to oligomerize. This difference can be explained by a transient P protein phosphorylation, detected in HEp-2 cells, that could be essential for P protein oligomerization.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/metabolismo , Proteína HN , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/metabolismo , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antígenos Virales/química , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Ácido Ocadaico/farmacología , Fosforilación , Conformación Proteica , Transfección , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral , Proteínas Virales/química , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Actin the main component of the cellular microfilament network, is present in human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) purified virions, as an internal component. This fact and the results of immunoprecipitation studies indicate that during HRSV infection in HEp-2 cells there are interactions between cellular actin and viral components, that can promote a transitory increase in the polymerization of synthetized actin, mainly of the beta isotype. This increased actin polymerization can be related with the formation of cytoplasmic extensions, that contain beta actin and viral particles observed in the HRSV infected HEp-2 cells. The formation of these structures may indicate that HRSV has developed an actin-based motility system similar to that described for other viral and bacterial systems.
Asunto(s)
Actinas/metabolismo , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/fisiología , Actinas/análisis , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Polímeros , Pruebas de Precipitina , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/química , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proteínas Virales/análisis , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Virión/químicaRESUMEN
The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the fusion (F) and phosphoprotein (P) genes of the Long strain of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus have been determined from cDNA copies cloned into pBSV9 shuttle vector. Comparison of these sequences with their counterparts of other strains reveals genetic heterogeneity within the same subtype. The percentage of nucleotide and amino acid changes occurring in both proteins is similar. Thus, the Long F and P proteins share 97.9% and 98.3% amino acid identity, respectively, with their homologs of the A2 strain. Nevertheless the F2 subunit of the fusion protein accumulates 3.1 times more amino acid changes than the F1 subunit. In addition, the percentage of nucleotide changes in the 3' extracistronic sequences is 6 times higher in the P than in the F gene. These results are discussed in terms of selective pressures operating in the evolution of RS virus in nature.
Asunto(s)
Fosfoproteínas/genética , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/genética , Proteínas Virales de Fusión/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , ADN Viral/genética , Genes Virales , Vectores Genéticos , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Plásmidos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Grounded theory methodology was utilized to explore the experiences of critical care nurses caring for patients who were unable to respond due to a traumatic brain injury or receiving neuromuscular blocking agents. The registered nurses participating in the study worked in a neuroscience intensive care unit. Saturation of the categories was achieved with 16 interviews. The core category that emerged from the study is Giving the Patient a Chance. The subcategories of Learning about My Patient, Maintaining and Monitoring, Talking to My Patient, Working with Families, Struggling with Dilemmas and Personalizing the Experience all centered upon the focus of doing everything to help the patient attain the best possible outcome. Factors influencing each of the subcategories were identified such as the acuity of the patient, experience level of the nurse and the presence or absence of family members or significant others. These factors accounted for the variations in the nurses' experience. Several reasons accounting for the variations were determined. The study identified areas that need to be addressed in both general nursing education and nursing practice, such as instruction on talking to comatose patients, working with families and orientation information for nurses new to caring for these populations. Recommendations for improvement in these areas, as well as for future studies are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/enfermería , Coma/enfermería , Cuidados Críticos , Bloqueantes Neuromusculares/administración & dosificación , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Evaluación en Enfermería , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de SaludRESUMEN
Caring for patients who have sustained an SCI requires the nurse to be knowledgeable in the pathophysiology of the disorder, the sequelae following the injury, and the nursing care activities. Additional knowledge is required of the nurse when the patient with SCI is elderly. The nurse must be familiar with the changes in the body systems caused by aging, the alterations in the spine from aging, and how these changes impact the sequelae and nursing care activities.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/enfermería , Enfermedad Aguda , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Envejecimiento/patología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Enfermedad Crónica , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Enfermería Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/epidemiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/fisiopatología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/psicología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
When HEp-2 cells are infected by human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) its N protein becomes phosphorylated at tyrosine (Y) Y38, in a strictly regulated way. To determine how this phosphorylation affects nucleocapsid (NC) template activity during viral RNA synthesis, N protein variants were analysed in which Y38 and nearby Y residues were substituted by phenylalanine (F; Y23F, Y38F and Y69F) or aspartic acid (D; Y23D and Y38D). While the capacity of these proteins to form the NC and to interact with the P protein was maintained, their NC template activity was altered affecting distinctly viral transcription and replication of HRSV based minigenomes. Thus, Y38 phosphorylation of the HRSV N protein modulates NC template activity probably by altering the interactions of the monomeric components of the NC.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/metabolismo , ARN Viral/biosíntesis , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/genética , Fosforilación , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Introducción: Los ictus isquémicos son poco frecuentes en la infancia. Las cardiopatías tanto congénitas como adquiridas son uno de los factores de riesgo más importante para presentar un ictus en la edad pediátrica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de niños con cardiopatía diagnosticados de ictus arterial isquémico entre enero del 2000 y diciembre del 2014. Resultados: Cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 74 pacientes, el 60% varones. La mediana de edad del ictus fue de 11 meses. Fallecieron un 20% de los pacientes. La cardiopatía era congénita en un 90%, cianógena en un 60%. El ventrículo izquierdo hipoplásico fue la cardiopatía más frecuente. El ictus estuvo relacionado temporalmente con una cirugía cardiaca, cateterismo o asistencia ventricular en el 70% de los casos. La mayoría de los ictus ocurrieron en el hospital. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue el déficit motor y las convulsiones. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante TC craneal en la mayoría de los casos. El ictus fue múltiple en el 33% de los casos y bihemisférico en el 27%, y afectaba a la circulación anterior y posterior cerebral en el 10%. En un 10% de los casos se produjo una recurrencia del ictus. Conclusiones: Las cardiopatías congénitas complejas y las intervenciones cardiacas, la cirugía y los cateterismos fueron los principales factores asociados con el ictus isquémico. El ictus se produjo en pacientes hospitalizados y el diagnóstico se realizó en las primeras 24 h en la mayoría de los pacientes (AU)
Introduction: Ischaemic stroke is rare during childhood. Congenital and acquired heart diseases are one of the most important risk factors for arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) in children. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all children with AIS and heart disease diagnosed between 2000 and 2014. Results:We included 74 children with heart disease who were eligible for inclusion. 60% were boys with a mean stroke age of 11 months. 20% of the patients died during the study period. 90% of the patients had a congenital heart disease, while cyanotic heart disease was identified in 60%. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was the most frequent heart disease. In 70% of patients AIS was directly associated with heart surgery, catheterisation or ventricular assist devices. Most patients with AIS were in the hospital. Seizures and motor deficit were the most frequent symptoms. Most patient diagnoses were confirmed by brain CT. The AIS consisted of multiple infarcts in 33% of the cases, affected both hemispheres in 27%, and involved the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation in 10%. Conclusions: Arterial ischaemic strokes were mainly associated with complex congenital heart diseases, and heart procedures and surgery (catheterisation). AIS presented when patients were in-hospital and most of the patients were diagnosed in the first 24hours (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/epidemiología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Cardiopatías/complicaciones , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Síndrome del Corazón Izquierdo Hipoplásico/epidemiología , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The effect of Isabel (IGE) and Niagara (NGE) grape seed and peel extracts on lipid oxidation, instrumental colour, pH and sensory properties of raw and cooked processed chicken meat stored at -18°C for nine months was evaluated. The pH of raw and cooked samples was not affected by the addition of grape extracts. IGE and NGE were effective in inhibiting the lipid oxidation of raw and cooked chicken meat, with results comparable to synthetic antioxidants. The extracts caused alterations in colour, as evidenced by the instrumental (darkening and lower intensity of red and yellow colour) and sensory results of cooked samples. In the sensory evaluation of odour and flavour, IGE produced satisfactory results, which did not differ from synthetic antioxidants. These findings suggest that the IGE and NGE are effective in retarding lipid oxidation of raw and cooked chicken meat during frozen storage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Carne/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Vino , Animales , Pollos , Frío/efectos adversos , Culinaria , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos/economía , Frutas/química , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Residuos Industriales/economía , Fenoles , Pigmentación , Semillas/química , Olfato , Gusto , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Vitis/químicaAsunto(s)
Formación de Anticuerpos , Artritis Reumatoide/fisiopatología , Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Jugo Gástrico/metabolismo , Factor Intrinseco/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfoide/fisiopatología , Linfoma/fisiopatología , Mieloma Múltiple/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anemia Perniciosa/etiología , Anemia Perniciosa/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/fisiopatología , Humanos , Inmunodifusión , Leucemia Linfoide/complicaciones , Linfoma/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/fisiopatología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Pirazoles , Radioinmunoensayo , Vitamina B 12/sangreRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Acidemia Propiónica/complicaciones , Acidemia Propiónica , Síndrome de QT Prolongado/complicaciones , Síndrome de QT Prolongado , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/complicaciones , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Electrocardiografía , Supresión Genética , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevención & controlAsunto(s)
Acetatos/efectos adversos , Aminas , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos , Incontinencia Fecal/inducido químicamente , Incontinencia Urinaria/inducido químicamente , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico , Acetatos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Niño , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Gabapentina , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Phage phi 29 particles produced under restrictive conditions by mutants in gene 12 have normal amounts of all of the structural proteins except the appendage protein, p12*, which is missing. These particles are not infective and do not adsorb to Bacillus subtilis cells. By in vitro complementation of 12- particles with extracts containing protein p12* or with purified protein p12*, the defective particles could bind the appendage protein and become infective and able to adsorb to bacteria. Therefore, the neck appendages of phage phi 29, formed by protein p12*, are involved in the interaction of the phage with the cell wall receptors. Protein p12*, purified in its native state, competed with wild-type phage for adsorption to bacteria. Also, protein p12* could displace adsorbed phage from bacteria. Since the displaced phage was infective, protein p12* does not seem to be modified after phage adsorption.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Virales/metabolismo , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Adsorción , Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Unión CompetitivaRESUMEN
The antiviral compound tricyclo-decan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) inhibits respiratory syncytial (RS) virus growth in human epithelial (Hep 2) cells. D609 treatment resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of viral proteins, in the phosphorylation of the viral phosphoprotein, and in the amount of extracellular antigens and infectious particles. The relative accumulation of viral proteins was also unbalanced, however no differences were found in the amount of viral RNA with plus or minus polarity. In addition nucleocapsids formation was not inhibited. These observations suggested that this antiviral compound affects the relative proportion of viral proteins and the phosphorylation of P protein. Both features appear to be important in RS virus morphogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/farmacología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Tionas/farmacología , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Western Blotting , Cápside/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular , Humanos , Cinética , Morfogénesis , Norbornanos , Fosforilación , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tiocarbamatos , Proteínas del Núcleo Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Virales/análisis , Proteínas Virales/biosíntesisRESUMEN
The phosphoprotein (P protein) from human respiratory syncytial virus Long strain, labelled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate, was purified from virions or virus-infected human epithelial (Hep-2) cells. The main phosphorylated amino acid found was serine. The determination of the N-terminal sequence of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated fragments of P protein obtained after chemical or enzymic treatments suggested that some or all of the six serines present at positions 116, 117, 119, 143, 156 and 161 are the major phosphorylated residues, although a modification in serine residues at positions 86, 94 and 99 can not be ruled out.