[Myorenal syndrome in forensic practice: molecular aspects of etiology and pathogenesis]. / Miorenal'nyi sindrom v sudebno-meditsinskoi praktike: molekulyarnye aspekty etiopatogeneza.

The objective of the study is to analyze the publications on biochemical aspects of myorenal syndrome (crush-syndrome) pathogenesis. Factors of trauma and other etiologies significant in terms of forensic practice that cause muscle tissue destruction are presented. Molecular processes in rhabdomyolysis and subsequent renal damage, the establishment of the sequence of which is important for forensic medicine, are outlined. The study results will improve our understanding of the of myorenal syndrome pathophysiology, its biochemical features, and optimize methods for its forensic diagnosis.

ARTERIAL CHEMOINFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED AND METASTATIC PANCREAS CANCER.

The chemoinfusions (310) were carried out in celiac trunk in 167 patients with non-removed pancreas cancer at the period from 2000 to 2015. Locally advanced timorous process (stage III, n=79) was revealed in 79 patients and liver metastases (stage IV, n=88) were noted in 88 cases. The celiac axis infusion by Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m²) was applied for patients and GEMOX (Gemcitabine+Oxaliplatin 75 mg/m²) has been using since 2012. Symptomatic improvement such as decrease of pain, growth of body weight was noted in majority of patients. An average lifetime, median and one-year survival consisted of 7,6 months, 5,8 months and 10%. The patients (133) were treated by 1­2 cycles and after that by course of total body chemotherapeutics. There weren't any serious complications. Toxic manifestations of chemotherapy weren't higher than I­II degree and they were arrested by corrective therapy in 92 patients (55%). The celiac axis infusion is safe in patients with locally advanced and inoperable pancreas cancer. Symptomatic improvement showed the most patients. The objective response to the treatment had 20% patients and performance of repeated cycles led to increase of their survival.

[Palivizumab: four seasons in Russia].

In 2010, the Russian Federation (RF) registered palivizumab--innovative drug, based on monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children of disease severe progress risk group, which include primarily premature infants, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Currently, palivizumab is included in the list of recommended medicines and medical care standards of different countries, including Russia. In the review the results of Russian research on the progress of RSV infection, its epidemiology and immunization experience gained over the 2010-2014 period are summarized in relation to the foreign data. During the four epidemic seasons palivizumab immunization covered more than 3,200 children of severe RSV infection risk group with a progressive annual increase in the number of patients who received the drug. Geography of palivizumab immunization is also greatly expanded in our country during this time. If during the first two seasons measures of immunization were taken mainly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, at the present time, thirty one territorial entities of the Russian Federation have the experience in the drug application. Analysis of the results of RSV infection immunization (made in several regions) confirms the high clinical efficacy and palivizumab safety already demonstrated in international studies. In addition, the analysis presents the potential to improve the efficiency of the integrated RSV infection immunization programs, realizing in the establishment of high-risk child group register, adequate counseling for parents, as well as the development of the routing of patients and coordination of interaction between different health institutions during the immunization.

Genetic resources of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their role in its domestication and breeding.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a cultivated multipurpose species with a very short history of domestication. It is used as a green manure, and for feed and food. This crop shows good prospects for use in pharmacology and as a source of f ish feeds in aquaculture. However, its genetic potential for the development of productive and adaptable cultivars is far from being realized. For crop species, the genetic base of the cultivated gene pool has repeatedly been shown as being much narrower than that of the wild gene pool. Therefore, eff icient utilization of a species' genetic resources is important for the crop's further improvement. Analyzing the information on the germplasm collections preserved in national gene banks can help perceive the worldwide diversity of L. angustifolius genetic resources and understand how they are studied and used. In this context, the data on the narrow-leaved lupine collection held by VIR are presented: its size and composition, the breeding status of accessions, methods of studying and disclosing intraspecif ic differentiation, the classif ications used, and the comparison of this information with available data on other collections. It appeared that VIR's collection of narrow-leaved lupine, ranking as the world's second largest, differed signif icantly from others by the prevalence of advanced cultivars and breeding material in it, while wild accessions prevailed in most collections. The importance of the wild gene pool for the narrow-leaved lupine breeding in Australia, the world leader in lupine production, is highlighted. The need to get an insight into the species' ecogeographic diversity in order to develop cultivars adaptable to certain cultivation conditions is shown. The data on the testing of VIR's collection for main crop characters valuable for breeders are presented. Special attention is paid to the study of accessions with limited branching as a promising gene pool for cultivation in relatively northern regions of Russia. They demonstrate lower but more stable productivity, and suitability for cultivation in planting patterns, which has a number of agronomic advantages. Analyzing the work with narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources in different national gene banks over the world helps shape the prospects of further activities with VIR's collection as the only source of promising material for domestic breeding.

[Biological properties of salmonellae and local immunity in Salmonella infection].

The comparative study of the biological properties of S. enteritidis and S. typhimuruim, isolated from patients and convalescent carriers, was carried out. Factors inactivating the components of the local immunity of the intestine (lysozyme, complement, lactoferrin, IgG, IgM and IgA) were detected in the causative agents of Salmonella infections. The spread and expression degree of properties of a causative agent were serovar-depended: high penetration characteristics and the expression of anti-lactoferrin and anti-immunoglobulin activity were characteristic of S. typhimurium. S. enteritidis strains isolated from patients with carrier state formed in the convalescence period were found to have higher persistence level. In co-profiltrates obtained from carriers at the peak of the disease and during convalescence lower levels of IgM, IgG, sIgA, complement and lactoferrin were determined in comparison with those in coprofiltrates obtained from patients in whom no subsequent carrier state was formed. These results indicate that an increase in the persistence of salmonellae, occurring simultaneously with the local immunodeficiency, contributes to the prolonged survival of bacteria in the intestine.

Monoclonal antibodies directed to the synthetic carbohydrate antigen Ley.

Tetrasaccharide Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc is known as carbohydrate determinant of cancer- and AIDS-associated antigen Lewisy (Ley). Synthetic antigen to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to Ley was prepared and constructed as a spacer-armed tetrasaccharide coupled with lipophilized polymer, Ley-PAA-PE, where PAA is a 30-kD polyacrylamide and PE is phosphatidylethanolamine. An efficient immune response was provided by using Ley-PAA-PE adsorbed on Salmonella minnesota. Positive hybridomas were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Ley-PAA as a coating agent. An inhibitory version of the same test system showed absolute specificity of two MAbs: only hapten Ley and Ley-PAA were strong inhibitors, in contrast to Leb, tri- and disaccharidic fragments of the mentioned tetrasaccharides, as well as their PAA-conjugates. MAbs obtained against synthetic antigen specifically stained the Ley (+) cell line A431.

[Selectin receptors. 5. Monoclonal antibodies to the synthetic antigens SiaLe(a) and SiaLe(x)]. / Retseptory selektinov. 5. Monoklonal'nye antitela k sinteticheskim antigenam SiaLea i SiaLex.

Five IgM class monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the SiaLea tetrasaccharide, which is known as a serologic tumor marker CA 19.9, and three MAbs (one of IgG3 and two of IgM class) to the SiaLex tetrasaccharide (differentiation antigen CD15s) were obtained against totally synthetic immunogens. The epitope specificity of the antibodies was determined using a wide range of oligosaccharides and their polyacrylamide conjugates. MAb 4E10 against SiaLea and MAb 4G5 to SiaLex were highly specific to the antigen predefined by immunization: they did not cross-react either with structurally and conformationally related oligosaccharides or with their disaccharide fragments. Two MAbs to SiaLea (D7 and E5B1) showed a weak binding to SiaLex. MAb CC1 recognized SiaLea and SiaLex almost equally, and MAb 5H9 to SiaLea cross-reacted with the non-sialylated form, the Lea trisaccharide. Two MAbs against SiaLex A3 and B11 bound to all carbohydrate structures containing the core disaccharide Gal beta 1-3(4)GlcNAc.

[Study of fluorescence from isolated yeast plasma membranes in visible range of the spectrum]. / Issledovanie fluorestsentsii izolirovannykh plazmaticheskikh membran drozhzhei v vidimoi oblasti spektra.

The fluorescence with maximum at 683 nm from isolated yeast plasma membranes has been detected. The fluorescence was due to a membrane-bound compound absorbing in the visible range of the spectrum. The fluorescence excitation spectrum of this compound has a structure typical for porphyrins. At the same time, in several fluorescence properties the porphyrin localized in the plasma membrane is different from other intracellular porphyrins (protoporphyrin, coproporphyrin).

[Properties of C1. perfringens toxoids obtained from purified toxins]. / Svoistva anatoksinov C1. perfringens, poluchennykh iz ochishchennykh toksinov

The authors present the results of comparative study of the properties of experimental perfringens toxoids obtained from purified alpha-toxoids of different degrees of purity. Experimental toxoids proved to possess a greater immunogenicity than preparations obtained by detoxication of alpha-toxin under conditions of cultural fluid, the greater--the more the purity of alpha-toxin used for procuring the experimental toxoid. C1. perfringens alpha-toxin recovered as a result of two-stage alpha-toxin purification, including its primary concentration and fractionation on DEAE-cellulose under conditions of negative alpha-toxin sorption, changed during detoxication into toxoid whose immunogenicity exceeded that of manufactured preparations 3--4 fold. The toxoid was harmless and sorbed in a dose of 100 BU on 2--3 mg of aluminium hydroxide; stability of its antigenic properties and its yield was not less than those of manufactured toxoids. Perfringens toxoid prepared from highly purified alpha-toxoid was 10 times greater by immunogenicity than the manufactured preparation, and was sorbed on 1--2 mg of aluminium hydroxide.

[Characteristics of the immunologic response of animals to Clostridium perfringens anatoxin]. / Osobennosti immunnogo otveta zhivotnykh na anatoksin Cl. perfringens.

Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs, rabbits and mice (mongrel and inbred); immunogenic properties of Cl. perfringens toxoids of different purity were studied. Toxin neutralization and passive hemagglutination tests were used to determine the antitoxic immunity level. It appeared that in the immunization of guinea pigs and rabbits the degree of immunogenicity of the preparations increased with the elevation of their specific activity. Under the same conditions both the mongrel and the inbred mice displayed the maximum immune response in the immunization with the least purified preparations, and the minimum after the injection of a highly purified antigen.

[Use of the passive hemagglutination test for the purpose of determining antibody levels following animal immunization with Cl. perfringens toxoid]. / O primenenii reaktsii passivnoi gemaggliutinatsii s tsel'iu opredeleniia urovnia antitel pri immunizatsii zhivotnykh anatoksinom Cl. perfringens

Data are presented on the study of possibilities of the application of the passive hemagglutination test for titration of the blood sera of mice, guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with Cl. perfringens toxoid. A diagnostic agent obtained by the sensitization of formalin- and tannin-treated sheep erythrocytes with the serologically pure toxoid, and homologous sera (as standard) were used in this test. A high immune response of BALB/c and C3H mice to the Cl. perfringens toxoid permits to suggest inbred mice as a model for the immunological and immunogenetic studies connected with this toxoid.