[The role of biological and social psychological factors in the genesis of hysterical neurosis]. / Rol' biologicheskikh i sotsial'no-psikhologicheskikh faktorov v proiskhozhdenii istericheskogo nevroza.

Based on comprehensive examinations of 200 patients with hysterical neurosis, made in terms of a total systems biological approach it has been shown that closely interwoven biological and sociopsychological factors intercondition, supplement and determine both formation of the so-called "ground" and the clinical manifestations of neurosis. Hysterical neurosis is viewed as an original clinical model of the formation of the defence behavior system where a special system-forming role is played by the brain mechanisms of positive reinforcement, i. e. as resting on the mechanism of a pathological attraction to positive emotions, attained in a mediated manner via the system of negative emotions and their transformation.

[Nocturnal sleep and cerebral hemodynamics in different sleep stages and cycles among patients with early manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. / Nochnoi son i tserebral'naia gemodinamika v razlichnykh ego stadiiakh i tsiklakh u bol'nykh s rannimi proiavleniiami nedostatochnosti mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Clinical and polygraphical (EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, REG) studies of nocturnal sleep and of the hemodynamics were carried out in 60 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy induced by hypertension and atherosclerosis. The findings obtained demonstrate that the clinical picture in these patients is always characterized by sleep disturbances which decrease the level of their diurnal wakefulness and their capacity for work. Hemodynamic disturbances responsible for sleep disorders are in turn maintained by the latter which leads to the formation of the vicious circle. This is also supported by the fact that compromized cerebral circulation causes changes in the activity of the structures involved both in sleep-wakefulness function and the regulation of the cerebral and systemic hemodynamics. Hence, deviations in the nocturnal sleep pattern attended with pronounced alterations in the cerebral hemodynamics may contribute to the development of acute disorders of the cerebral circulation. The authors recommend correcting not only the disrupted structure of sleep but also the cerebral circulation with relation to he sleep-wakefulness cycle.

[The role of acetaldehyde in the effect of alcohol on the central catecholaminergic mechanisms]. / Rol' atsetal'degida v deistvii alkogolia na tsentral'nye katekho- laminergicheskie mekhanizmy.

Variations in the concentration of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were examined in the hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebral hemispheres under the influence of acetaldehyde and ethanol given alone and combined in single and chronic doses. In some experiments acetaldehyde and ethanol were administered in combination with teturam. The data obtained attest to an important role of acetaldehyde in disturbing the catecholamine mechanisms under alcoholization. As for the hypothalamus, the action of acetaldehyde manifests in the coupling of the two oppositely directed processes--a decrease of NA concentration and a rise of A concentration. In contrast to the other study brain structures, in the cerebral hemispheres acetaldehyde combined with teturam reduces the level of NA and A.

[Structural and functional properties of erythrocytes in patients with arteriosclerotic circulatory encephalopathy]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye svoistva éritrotsitov u bol'nykh ateroskleroticheskoi distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatiei.

A total systems approach was used to study the structural and functional properties of red blood cells in 100 patients suffering from atherosclerotic circulatory encephalopathy, stages I-III: aggregation, deformability, superficial cytoarchitectonics, the content of ATP and 2,3 DPH, transport of univalent cations, and the cholesterol/phospholipid index of membranes. It has been demonstrated that as the atherosclerotic process progresses, the membrane rigidity increases as a result of excessive concentration of cholesterol in the cell, aggregation is enhanced, transport of ions and substances gets disturbed, the processes of glycolysis and synthesis of macroergs get inhibited. All this brings about the derangement of transport function of the cells because of disturbance of the properties of moving in the system of microcirculation.

[Serum protein fractions in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy in atherosclerosis and hypertension]. / Belkovye fraktsii syvorotki krovi u bol'nykh s distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatiei pri ateroskleroze i gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Using a novel method of electrophoresis, patients with atherosclerotic and hypertonic dyscirculatory encephalopathy were examined for protein fractions of their blood serum. Various kinds of dysproteinemia and dyslipoproteinemia were recorded, with their manifestations being particularly pronounced in cerebral atherosclerosis with the syndrome of arterial hypertension. Clinical improvement following the therapy was usually accompanied by the normalization of the protein spectrum of blood serum. The results obtained may be utilized in the differential diagnosis and the evaluation of the therapy efficacy.

[Adaptive bioregulation in the treatment of essential hypertension with cerebrovascular disorders]. / Adaptivnoe bioregulirovanie v lechenii bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu s tserebrovaskuliarnymi narusheniiami.

The authors developed a system of adaptive bioregulation based on the principle of biological feedback. Sixty hypertensive patients with the initial forms of cerebrovascular disturbances and 30 clinically healthy subjects were examined. Adaptive bioregulation is successfully realized in the technical system with a visual control of changes in the REG area. The treatment is associated with normalization of the tonus, vessel blood filling, arterial pressure and clinical status of patients. Adaptive bioregulation may be one of the methods of treatment of patients with cerebrovascular pathology. The effect of its use is determined by the duration and nature of the disease.

[Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of the initial (precrisis) disorders of cerebral circulation]. / K klinike i patogeneze nachal'nykh (predkrizovykh) narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

In 82 patients from 20--35 years of age with vegetative-vascular dystonia the authors studied clinical variants of the disease, the bioelectrical brain activity, the state of cerebral circulation, the visual analyzer, the cardiovascular system, histamine, protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and the state of coagulative blood system. In the majority of the cases the studies demonstrated hystaminemia, some shifts in the biochemical blood content, an increased brain vascular tone, a drop of blood repletion and disturbances of regional hemodynamics. The studies also depicted a decreased functional lability of the main cortical bioelectrical processes, disturbances of electric activity and propulsive possibilities of the myocardium. It was also possible to demonstrate intercorrelation between the biochemical and electrophysiological indices with the type and form of the disease. It is assumed that the leading role in the pathogenesis of the disease belongs to the dysfunction of the limbico-reticular complex. Certain recommendations for normalization of the histamine metabolism are given as well as for the normalization of the reticulo-hypothalamic system functions. The authors also indicate a necessity of an early screening of the patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia.

[Status of cerebral and central hemodynamics in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy]. / Sostoianie tserebral'noi i tsentral'noi gemodinamiki u bol'nykh distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatiei.

On the basis of radiocardiographic and radiocirculatory examination of the central and cerebral hemodynamics in 130 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) caused by essential hypertension and atherosclerosis, the authors have demonstrated that the development of DE is facilitated by disturbances of the central and peripheral hemodynamics. In turn, DE reduces the function of the autoregulatory mechanisms of the cerebral blood flow and leads to insufficiency of compensatory adaptive possibilities of the cardiovascular system. It is recommended that not only cerebral disorders but also the type (hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, eukinetic) of the blood circulation in these patients be taken into consideration in selecting the optimal method of treatment.

[Study of serum protein aggregation after treatment with urea]. / Issledovanie agregatsii belkov syvorotki krovi pod vliianiem mocheviny.

Gel chromatography and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel show that urea in vitro induces aggregation of blood proteins, with their content unchanged. The aggregation does not depend on the fibrinogen available. Comparison of the data on the effect of urea, DS-Na and thermal denaturation on the protein aggregation suggests that the aggregation is induced by local conformation transformations in the structure of certain protein molecules. At the same time, the data obtained do not permit neglecting the role of denaturation in the aggregation.

[Use of disc electrophoresis in a linear gradient of polyacrylamide gel concentrations for simultaneous fractionation of total serum proteins, haptoglobins and lipoproteins]. / Primenenie disk-elektroforeza v lineinom gradiente kontsentratsii poliakrilamidnogo gelia dlia odnovremennogo fraktsionirovaniia summarnykh belkov syvorotki krovi, gaptoglobinov i lipoproteidov.

Conditions are developed for fractionation of total proteins of blood serum and lipoproteids within a linear gradient of the polyacrylamide gel concentration. Optimal separation of the proteins was observed at initial concentrations of acrylamide 3 and 10%: lipoproteids--2 and 15%. The composition of haptoglobins should be taken into consideration when analyzing the spectrum of human serum proteins. For this purpose samples fractionated simultaneously in one gel plate should be subjected to differential staining with amide black and benzidine. It is established that the efficiency of alpha-lipoproteids subfractions separation is reached by electrophoresis of this class lipoproteids after polyethylene glycol precipitation. The method described broadens essentially potentialities of electrophoretic fractionation of blood serum proteins due to an increase in the resolving power and sensitivity.

[Changes in the serum protein composition in experimental hypercholesterolemia]. / Izmenenie belkovogo sostava syvorotki krovi pri éksperimental'noi giperkholesterinemii.

Cholesterol accumulation, quantitative changes and composition of lipoproteins, total proteins of blood serum and protein fractions obtained by acid extraction are studied in hypercholesterinemia dynamics in rabbits. It is found that the initial period of cholesterinosis in blood serum is marked by an increased content of total proteins and proteins extracted by acid followed, however, by substantial lowering of the level of these compounds. The proteins obtained by acid extraction are characterized by more explicit changes. This permits assuming their important role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterinemia. The obtained results make it possible to state that the investigated proteins possess the alkaline properties. The data available in literature on the ability of alkaline polypeptides to bind cholesterol permit assuming that the investigated proteins have the same properties and, hence, can participate in the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol transport as well as in the processes of synthesis and transformations of separate classes of lipoproteins.

[The action of medikhronal (glucose-glycine-formate) on catecholamine excretion in alcoholics]. / Deistvie medikhronala (gliuzkozo-glitsin-formiata) na ékskretsiiu katekholaminov u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

The application of the novel antialcoholic drug Medichronal mainly results in normalization of dyscatecholaminemias, by lowering or elevating noradrenaline or adrenaline levels. This effect is similar to that produced by unitiol that is conventionally used in nacrological care. The changes in catecholamine levels occur in various dyscatecholaminemias characterized by a high or low excretion of biogenic monoamines. Before and after therapy, in some patients, the concentrations of catecholamines do not differ from those in healthy persons.

[Serum proteins in ethanol intoxication and hypercholesteremia]. / Belki syvorotki krovi pri intoksikatsii étanolom i kholesterinoze.

Guinea pigs after 30, 60 and 90 days of cholesterol, ethanol and cholesterol + ethanol action have been studied for content of cholesterol, lipoproteins of certain classes, quantitative and qualitative composition of blood serum proteins. It has been found that cholesterol does not induce expressed hypercholesterinemia and does not hinder cholesterol accumulation in the blood serum and liver of animals. The specific activity of [3H] cholesterol in the liver under cholesterinosis and its combination with ethanol intoxication for the whole period of experiments is lower than in the control, which testifies to retardation of its renewal. This may stimulate development of pathological hypercholesterinemia-induced states. After 3-month ethanol intoxication the amount of alkaline serum proteins has grown and ethanol retains its action against a background of hypercholesterinemia. The found effect is supposed to reflect one of the compensatory mechanisms for hypercholesterinemia and atherogenesis prevention.

[The new anti-alcohol preparation medikhronal: changes in the level of ethanol, acetaldehyde and monoamines during the treatment of alcoholism patients]. / Novyi antialkogol'nyi preparat medikhronal: izmenenie soderzhaniia étanola, atsetal'degida i monoaminov pri lechenii bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

Treating patients with stage-II alcoholism with medichronal and unithiol sharply decreases blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde. Medichronal restores the decreased level of norepinephrine excretion in 25% of patients and the increased level of epinephrine in 43%. The high baseline concentration of serotonin dropped in 41%, however, its level remained higher than in the controls. There was a negative correlation between the changes of ethanol concentrations and the excretion of norepinephrine. There was a direct dependence between the changes in the norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio and the serotonin concentration.

[Ethanol and protein biosynthesis in the animal liver (review of the literature)]. / Etanol i biosintez belkov v pecheni zhivotnykh (obzor).

Protein biosynthesis was markedly altered in liver cells after acute and chronic administration of ethanol in vivo and in vitro. The effects were dose- and time-dependent. Synthesis of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins was inhibited in hepatocytes. In chronic intoxication activity of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis were stimulated. The data obtained suggest that inhibition of amino acids activation, impairment of translation and transcription were involved in mechanisms of the ethanol toxic effects on liver tissue. At the same time, negative effects of ethanol and its metabolites appear to be related to post-translation modification of polypeptides.

[Alcohol and atherogenesis: effect of low and high doses of ethanol on rat blood cholesterol]. / Alkogol' i aterogenez: vliianie nizkikh i vysokikh doz étanola na kholesterin krovi krys.

Alterations in content of cholesterol and specific radio-activity of erythrocyte lipoproteins were studied in rats after administration of labelled sterol under conditions of acute and chronic influence of low 0.6 g/kg and high 4.0 g/kg doses of ethanol. Both these doses caused a decrease in content of high density lipoproteins (HDL) after single ethanol administration, while content of apoB containing lipoproteins as well as binding of labelled sterol with erythrocytes were elevated after long-term ethanol treatment. Atherogenicity index was increased after single and chronic administration of either low or high doses of ethanol. In chronic administration of low doses of ethanol specific radioactivity of HDL was decreased, thus suggesting that cholesterol acceptor function of these particles was lowered.

[Changes in cholesterol level and binding in guinea pig tissues during ethanol intoxication and cholesterolemia]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia i sviazyvaniia kholesterina v tkaniakh morskikh svinok pri étanolovoi intoksikatsii i kholesterinoze.

Content of cholesterol and binding of its labelled analogue was studied in guinea pigs tissues after hypercholesterolemia, ethanol intoxication and their combined action within 30, 60 and 90 days. Long-term consumption of cholesterol and chronic alcoholization caused accumulation of the steroid but in abundance of exogenous cholesterol its concentration was increased mainly in liver tissue and blood serum, whole in ethanol intoxication--in brain and kidney tissues. Chronic alcoholization contributed to cholesterosis development; the increase in cholesterol content was accompanied by a decrease in its renovation, especially distinct in liver and heart tissues. Combined effect of cholesterol and ethanol on liver tissue was detected within 60 days; at the same time, simultaneous effect of cholesterol and ethanol caused more pronounced impairments in liver tissue within 90 days as compared with the individual action of these drugs. Concentration of cholesterol was not altered in heart muscle after administration either cholesterol or ethanol, while its content was increased after the drugs simultaneous effect.

[The effect of protamine on cholesterol, triglycerides and blood serum proteins during the dynamics of experimental hypercholesterolemia]. / Deistvie protamina na kholesterin, triglitseridy i belki syvorotki krovi v dinamike éksperimental'noi giperkholesterinemii.

Content of total proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides was studied in the blood serum and lipoprotein fractions of rabbits after administration of protamine within 1, 3 and 7 months of hypercholesterolemia development. The protamine effect was accompanied by "equalization" of cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, as compared with their alteration in hypercholesterolemia, by stabilization of their content in various periods of the disease, but at the higher level than that of intact animals. The phenomenon observed occurred mainly in lipid components of LDL and VLDL subfractions. Analysis of alterations in the content of cholesterol and proteins in HDL and apo B-containing fractions showed that administration of protamine during long-term hypercholesterolemia led to development of antiatherogenic symptoms. Proatherogenic alterations in lipoprotein composition, developed during hypercholesterolemia, appear to be inhibited by protamine.

[Catecholamines in the tissues and blood of rats after administration of acetaldehyde and ethanol]. / Katekholaminy tkanei i krovi krys pri deistvii acetal'degida i étanola.

Acetaldehyde alone and in combination with acute and chronic ethanol intoxication has been studied for its effect on the concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different brain areas, in the heart muscle, in adrenals and blood plasma of rats. Acetaldehyde is shown to enhance the epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in the brain areas which are non-specific for neuromediation of the mentioned catecholamines. The joint administration of acetaldehyde and ethanol increased the epinephrine concentration in adrenals probably due to the effect of acetaldehyde. On the contrary, the norepinephrine concentration in the heart decreased because of the action of ethanol. The authors' data show that acetaldehyde becomes an inductor of the mechanisms of hormone-mediator dissociation, thus altering the functions of vegetative-adrenal system. The results of the investigation support the hypothesis that acetaldehyde plays a significant role among pathogenic factors of ethanol intoxication, since it changes in a special way the catecholamine concentration in the brain and in peripheral tissues.

[The dynamics of [3H]-cholesterol incorporation into the liver and aortic tissue of guinea pigs on long-term ethanol administration]. / Dinamika vkliucheniia [3H]-kholesterina v tkani pecheni i aorty morskikh svinok pri dlitel'nom vvedeniia étanola.

The effect of ethanol administration to guinea pigs (4 g/kg, per os) on the dynamics of [3H]-cholesterol incorporation into the liver and aorta tissues was studied for 3 months. It has been discovered that specific radioactivity of the control animals linearly increased during 24 hours in the blood serum. Ethanol reduced it as compared with the control only 0.5 h after a label has been introduced. Cholesterol renovation in the liver remained unchanged under the prolonged effect of ethanol. In the aorta the ethanol effect was characterized by a decrease of [3H]-cholesterol specific radioactivity 0.5 h after its administration. However, in this case the ratio of aorta/blood serum radioactivity increased. A day after the labelled cholesterol administration to alcoholized animals the radioactivity calculated per 1 mg of cholesterol and per unit of tissue weight and referred to the blood serum radioactivity was lower as compared to the control level.