Leveraging chromatin state transitions for the identification of regulatory networks orchestrating heart regeneration.

The limited regenerative capacity of the human heart contributes to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast, zebrafish exhibit robust regenerative capacity, providing a powerful model for studying how to overcome intrinsic epigenetic barriers maintaining cardiac homeostasis and initiate regeneration. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the histone modifications H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac during various stages of zebrafish heart regeneration. We found a vast gain of repressive chromatin marks one day after myocardial injury, followed by the acquisition of active chromatin characteristics on day four and a transition to a repressive state on day 14, and identified distinct transcription factor ensembles associated with these events. The rapid transcriptional response involves the engagement of super-enhancers at genes implicated in extracellular matrix reorganization and TOR signaling, while H3K4me3 breadth highly correlates with transcriptional activity and dynamic changes at genes involved in proteolysis, cell cycle activity, and cell differentiation. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we identified transcription factors in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells influencing cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation or proliferation. Finally, we detected significant evolutionary conservation between regulatory regions that drive zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart regeneration, suggesting that reactivating transcriptional and epigenetic networks converging on these regulatory elements might unlock the regenerative potential of adult human hearts.

Identification of different myofiber types in pigs muscles and construction of regulatory networks.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is composed of muscle fibers with different physiological characteristics, which plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism, movement and body homeostasis. The type of skeletal muscle fiber directly affects meat quality. However, the transcriptome and gene interactions between different types of muscle fibers are not well understood. RESULTS: In this paper, we selected 180-days-old Large White pigs and found that longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was dominated by fast-fermenting myofibrils and soleus (SOL) muscle was dominated by slow-oxidizing myofibrils by frozen sections and related mRNA and protein assays. Here, we selected LD muscle and SOL muscle for transcriptomic sequencing, and identified 312 differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRs), 30 differentially expressed miRNA (DEmiRs), 183 differentially expressed lncRNA (DElRs), and 3417 differentially expressed circRNA (DEcRs). The ceRNA network included ssc-miR-378, ssc-miR-378b-3p, ssc-miR-24-3p, XR_308817, XR_308823, SMIM8, MAVS and FOS as multiple core nodes that play important roles in muscle development. Moreover, we found that different members of the miR-10 family expressed differently in oxidized and glycolytic muscle fibers, among which miR-10a-5p was highly expressed in glycolytic muscle fibers (LD) and could target MYBPH gene mRNA. Therefore, we speculate that miR-10a-5p may be involved in the transformation of muscle fiber types by targeting the MYHBP gene. In addition, PPI analysis of differentially expressed mRNA genes showed that ACTC1, ACTG2 and ACTN2 gene had the highest node degree, suggesting that this gene may play a key role in the regulatory network of muscle fiber type determination. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that these genes play a key role in regulating muscle fiber type transformation. Our study provides transcriptomic profiles and ceRNA interaction networks for different muscle fiber types in pigs, providing reference for the transformation of pig muscle fiber types and the improvement of meat quality.

In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence of Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and C-C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper.

The reaction mechanism of CO2 electroreduction on oxide-derived copper has not yet been unraveled even though high C2+ Faradaic efficiencies are commonly observed on these surfaces. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of copper anodization on the adsorption of various CO2RR intermediates using in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) on metallic and mildly anodized copper thin films. The in situ SEIRAS results show that the preoxidation process can significantly improve the overall CO2 reduction activity by (1) enhancing CO2 activation, (2) increasing CO uptake, and (3) promoting C-C coupling. First, the strong *COO- redshift indicates that the preoxidation process significantly enhances the first elementary step of CO2 adsorption and activation. The rapid uptake of adsorbed *COatop also illustrates how a high *CO coverage can be achieved in oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts. Finally, for the first time, we observed the formation of the *COCHO dimer on the anodized copper thin film. Using DFT calculations, we show how the presence of subsurface oxygen within the Cu lattice can improve the thermodynamics of C2 product formation via the coupling of adsorbed *CO and *CHO intermediates. This study advances our understanding of the role of surface and subsurface conditions in improving the catalytic reaction kinetics and product selectivity of CO2 reduction.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Nedyopus patrioticus: New Insights into the Color Polymorphism of Millipedes.

There has been debate about whether individuals with different color phenotypes should have different taxonomic status. In order to determine whether the different color phenotypes of Nedyopus patrioticus require separate taxonomic status or are simply synonyms, here, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two different colored N. patrioticus, i.e., red N. patrioticus and white N. patrioticus, are presented. The two mitogenomes were 15,781 bp and 15,798 bp in length, respectively. Each mitogenome contained 13 PCGs, 19 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 CR, with a lack of trnI, trnL2, and trnV compared to other Polydesmida species. All genes were located on a single strand in two mitogenomes. Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed that red N. patrioticus and white N. patrioticus did not show clear evolutionary differences. Furthermore, no significant divergence was discovered by means of base composition analysis. As a result, we suggest that white N. patrioticus might be regarded as a synonym for red N. patrioticus. The current findings confirmed the existence of color polymorphism in N. patrioticus, which provides exciting possibilities for future research. It is necessary to apply a combination of molecular and morphological methods in the taxonomy of millipedes.

Rising Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) Emissions in China from 2011 to 2020 Inferred from Atmospheric Observations.

Global atmospheric emissions of perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8, PFC-318), a potent greenhouse gas, have increased rapidly in recent years. Combining atmospheric observations made at nine Chinese sites with a Lagrangian dispersion model-based Bayesian inversion technique, we show that PFC-318 emissions in China grew by approximately 70% from 2011 to 2020, rising from 0.65 (0.54-0.72) Gg year-1 in 2011 to 1.12 (1.05-1.19) Gg year-1 in 2020. The PFC-318 emission increase from China played a substantial role in the overall increase in global emissions during the study period, contributing 58% to the global total emission increase. This growth predominantly originated in eastern China. The regions with high emissions of PFC-318 in China overlap with areas densely populated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) factories, implying that fluoropolymer factories are important sources of PFC-318 emissions in China. Our investigation reveals an emission factor of approximately 3.02 g of byproduct PFC-318 emissions per kg of hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22) feedstock use in the production of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) (for PTFE production) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) if we assume all HCFC-22 produced for feedstock uses in China are pyrolyzed to produce PTFE and HFP. Further facility-level sampling and analysis are needed for a more precise evaluation of emissions from these factories.

The impact of vedolizumab therapy on extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) pose a significant threat in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Vedolizumab (VDZ) primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. However, its impact on EIMs remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to examine the effects of VDZ on EIMs during treatment. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by conducting thorough searches across electronic databases, including PubMed, Ovid Embase, Medline, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Primary outcomes focused on the proportion of patients with resolution for pre-existing EIMs in IBD patients receiving VDZ. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with EIM exacerbations and new onset EIMs during VDZ treatment. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis encompassed 21 studies. The proportion of patients with resolution of pre-existing EIMs in VDZ-treated IBD patients was 39% (150/386; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.48). The proportion of patients with EIM exacerbations occurred at a rate of 28% (113/376; 95% CI 0.05-0.50), while new onset EIMs had a rate of 15% (397/2541; 95% CI 0.10-0.20). Subgroup analysis revealed a 40% (136/337) proportion of patients with resolution for articular-related EIMs and a 50% (9/18) rate for erythema nodosum. Exacerbation rates for arthritis/arthralgia, erythema nodosum/pyoderma gangrenosum, and aphthous stomatitis during VDZ use were 28% (102/328), 18% (7/38), and 11% (3/28), respectively. The incidence rate of newly developed EIMs during treatment was 11% (564/4839) for articular-related EIMs, with other EIMs below 2%. CONCLUSION: VDZ demonstrates efficacy in skin-related EIMs like erythema nodosum and joint-related EIMs including arthritis, arthralgia, spondyloarthritis, and peripheral joint diseases. Some joint and skin-related EIMs may experience exacerbation during VDZ therapy.

Astaxanthin Inhibits H2O2-Induced Excessive Mitophagy and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulation of Akt/mTOR Activation.

Oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, occurs in a variety of human diseases, including neurological disorders. The clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy maintains the normal function of mitochondria and facilitates cell survival. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant known to have neuroprotective effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrated that astaxanthin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cell survival. H2O2 treatment significantly reduced the levels of activated Akt and mTOR and induced mitophagy, while pretreatment with astaxanthin prevented H2O2-induced inhibition of Akt and mTOR and attenuated H2O2-induced mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibition of Akt attenuated the protective effect of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, astaxanthin might inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and reducing mitophagy. The results also indicate that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was critical for the protection of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The results from the present study suggest that astaxanthin can reduce neuronal oxidative injury and may have the potential to be used for preventing neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

The Pre- and Post-column Derivatization on Monosaccharide Composition Analysis, a Review.

Polysaccharides, as common metabolic products in organisms, play a crucial role in the growth and development of living organisms. For humans, polysaccharides represent a class of compounds with diverse applications, particularly in the medical field. Therefore, the exploration of the monosaccharide composition and structural characteristics of polysaccharides holds significant importance in understanding their biological functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of extraction methods and hydrolysis strategies for polysaccharides. It systematically analyzes strategies and technologies for determining polysaccharide composition and discusses common derivatization reagents employed in further polysaccharide studies. Derivatization is considered a fundamental strategy for determining monosaccharides, as it not only enhances the detectability of analytes but also increases detection sensitivity, especially in liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. The critical comparison of pre- and post-column derivatization is elaborated in this paper, aiming to serve as a reference for selecting appropriate modes based on the structural characteristics, biological activities of polysaccharides, and reaction systems.

Comparing the effectiveness of caries arrest by micro-operative treatment to operative treatment: A 2-year randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of caries arrest by micro-operative treatment (sealing) to operative treatment (flowable resin composite restoration) through a 2-year randomized controlled clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 7-9-year-old children. At baseline, 630 subjects were screened and 92 children who had at least one carious lesion classified as ICDAS 3 on the pit and fissure of first permanent molar were included. Then they were randomly assigned to the sealant group (73 lesions) and the flowable resin composite group (76 lesions) to receive the corresponding intervention. Lesions status in each group was evaluated every 6 months up to 24 months. Clinical progression of dental caries and materials retention were the outcomes used for group comparisons at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: After 24 months, three lesions (4.1%) in the sealant group clinically progressed to dentin caries. No lesion in the flowable composite group was observed a progression. The results of Life-table survival analysis show that the cumulative caries arrest rate had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.075). However, the cumulative retention rate was 57.5% in the sealant group and 92.1% in the flowable composite group, with significant differences (p < 0.001). The multilevel mixed model showed the sealant had higher risk of retention failure than the flowable composite (OR = 8.66, p < 0.001), while tooth position did not influence material retention (p = 0.083). In addition, the results of Fisher Exact test show that dentin lesions had more retention failure than enamel lesions in the sealant group (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Although sealing microcavitated carious lesions of the first permanent molar achieved lower retention rate than resin composite restoration, both sealing and restoration effectively arrested caries progression for two years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To preserving dental structure and delaying or eliminating the need for operative procedures, microcavitated carious lesion can be arrested by sealing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn ; Feb 15th, 2020; No. ChiCTR2000029862.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict non-response to 5-aminosalicylic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: there are some patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who have non-response (NR) to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). To promote individualized treatment in UC patients, it is crucial to identify valid predictors to estimate NR to 5-ASA. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictive value of clinical and biochemical markers and to construct a nomogram model predicting NR to 5-ASA in patients with UC. METHODS: data of patients diagnosed with UC in the First Hospital of China Medical University between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Primary outcome was the proportion of NR to 5-ASA. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct prediction models. Area under the curve (AUC), calibration and decision curve analyses (DCA) were assessed in the validation cohort. RESULTS: of 284 UC patients who were treatment-naive, 86 (30.3 %) had NR to 5-ASA. Univariate regression analysis showed that disease classification (DC) (p = 0.008), monocytes (MONO) (p = 0.041), platelet distribution width (PDW) (p = 0.027), serum total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.031) and α1 globulin (p < 0.001) were strongly associated with NR to 5-ASA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis indicated the AUC was 0.852, it showed that this model has a good degree of discrimination. The DCA curve showed that the predicted probability is 0.0-96.0 %. CONCLUSION: this study developed a predictive model with good discrimination and calibration, and high clinical validity, which can effectively estimate the risk of NR to 5-ASA. DC, MONO, PDW, TC and α1 globulin can be used as predictors for NR to 5-ASA in UC patients.

A Sulfur-Doped Copper Catalyst with Efficient Electrocatalytic Formate Generation during the Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction.

Catalysts involving post-transition metals have shown almost invincible performance on generating formate in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). Conversely, Cu without post-transition metals has struggled to achieve comparable activity. In this study, a sulfur (S)-doped-copper (Cu)-based catalyst is developed, exhibiting excellent performance in formate generation with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 92 % and a partial current density of 321 mA cm-2 . Ex situ structural elucidations reveal the presence of abundant grain boundaries and high retention of S-S bonds from the covellite phase during CO2 RR. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that S-S bonds can moderate the binding energies with various intermediates, further improving the activity of the formate pathway. This work is significant in modifying a low-cost catalyst (Cu) with a non-metallic element (S) to achieve comparable performance to mainstream catalysts for formate generation in industrial grade.

The Role of Phase Mixing Degree in Promoting C-C Coupling in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction on Cu-based Catalysts.

Cu-based catalysts have been identified as the most promising candidates for generation of C2+ products in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Defect engineering in catalysts is a widely employed strategy for promoting C-C coupling on Cu. However, comprehensive understanding of defect structure-to-activity relationship has not been obtained. In this study, controllable defects generation is achieved, which leads to a series of Cu-based catalysts with various phase mixing degrees. It is observed that the Faradaic efficiency toward C2+ products increases with the phase mixing degree, reaching 81 % at maximum. In situ infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals that the catalysts with higher phase mixing degree tend to form *CO more easily and possess higher retention of *CO under high overpotential window, thereby promoting C-C coupling. This work sheds new light on the relationship between defects and C-C coupling, and the rational developed of more advanced Cu-base catalysts.

Chlorinated Narrow Bandgap Polymer Suppresses Non-Radiative Recombination Energy Loss Enabling Perylene Diimides-Based Organic Solar Cells Exceeding 10% Efficiency.

The scarcity of narrow bandgap donor polymers matched with perylene diimides (PDI)-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) hinders improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, it is reported that a narrow bandgap donor polymer PDX, the chlorinated derivative of the famous polymer donor PTB7-Th, blended with PDI-based NFA boosts the PCE value exceeding 10%. The electroluminescent quantum efficiency of PDX-based OSCs is two orders of magnitude higher than that of PTB7-Th-based OSCs;therefore, the nonradiative energy loss is 0.103 eV lower. This is the highest PCE value for OSCs with the lowest energy loss using the blend of PTB7-Th derivatives and PDI-based NFAs as the active layer. Besides, PDX-based devices showed larger phase separation, faster charge mobilities, higher exciton dissociation probability, suppressed charge recombination, elevated charge transfer state, and decreased energetic disorder compared with the PTB7-Th-based OSCs. All these factors contribute to the simultaneously improved short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, and fill factor, thus significantly improving PCE. These results prove that chlorinated conjugated side thienyl groups can efficiently suppress the non-radiative energy loss and highlight the importance of fine-modifying or developing novel narrow bandgap polymers to further elevate the PCE value of PDI-based OSCs.

Addition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors to fulvestrant for advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To analyze whether adding PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors to fulvestrant could restore endocrine therapy sensitivity for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with HR+, HER2- breast cancer. Methods: This meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 analysis software. Results: Nine studies that included a total of 3199 patients were analyzed. Compared with fulvestrant alone, the addition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors significantly prolonged progression-free survival, overall survival and objective response rate of patients in both the total and PI3K-pathway-activated population. The number of grade 3-5 adverse events was also significantly higher. Conclusion: The addition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR to fulvestrant resulted in potential benefits; however, there may be a higher risk, which needs to be carefully managed.

Relationships among patient activation, social support and online health information seeking of community-dwelling older adults living with coronary heart disease.

AIMS: To explore the relationship between patient activation (subjective initiative of patients to participate in disease management in self-health care), social support, self-efficacy and online health information seeking among older patients with coronary heart disease. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and survey-based design. METHODS: A total of 451 older patients with coronary heart disease were recruited from July to November 2021 from four communities in Qingdao, China. We collected data using the Patient Activation Measure, Social Support Rating Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale and Online Health Information Seeking Scale. We performed structural equation modelling to analyse the data. RESULTS: The final model showed good model fit. Patient activation influenced online health information seeking directly (ß  = .39, p < .05) and indirectly through self-efficacy (ß  = .17, p < .05). Social support influenced online health information seeking directly (ß  = .23, p < .05) and indirectly through self-efficacy (ß  = .03, p < .05). Self-efficacy directly influenced online health information seeking (ß  = .26, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: We identified the interrelationships of patient activation, social support and self-efficacy and their influence on the online health information seeking of older patients with coronary heart disease. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for developing and evaluating interventions to enhance online health information seeking for older patients with coronary heart disease. IMPACT: These findings add a better understanding of the relationship between patient activation, social support, self-efficacy and online health information seeking in older patients with coronary heart disease, and help community health workers to intervene in the early stage of disease diagnosis.

Reply: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease patients with different biological agents.

We thank Dr Mungmunpuntipantip and colleague for their interest and thoughtful comments on our publication. The authors have highlighted several important considerations for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with different biological agents. We fully agree with the author's point of view, and we also point out the limitations in our meta-analysis.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease patients with different biological agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are concerns regarding the effect of biological agents on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed about the serological responses, breakthrough infections and clinical relapse of IBD patients treated with biological agents following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Primary outcomes were the pooled seroconversion rates, breakthrough infection rates and clinical relapse rates after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients treated with biological agents. Secondary outcomes were the comparison of seroconversion rates, breakthrough infection rates and clinical relapse rates in IBD patients treated with biological agents and control cohort after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were included in this meta-analysis. A high percentage of seroconversion (96.6%, 99% and 99.2%) was achieved in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy, vedolizumab and ustekinumab after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, respectively. The pooled breakthrough infection rate was 2.5% and 3.9% in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy and vedolizumab, respectively. The breakthrough infection rate in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy was significantly lower than control cohort (RR 0.178, 95% CI 0.084-0.378). The pooled clinical relapse rate in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy, vedolizumab and ustekinumab was 6.9%, 5.4% and 5.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall seroconversion rate after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients treated with biological agents is high. The overall breakthrough infection rate and clinical relapse rate in IBD patients treated with biological agents were low.

Long-term clinical outcomes after the discontinuation of anti-TNF agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: there are concerns regarding the risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-TNF agent in patients, and the response to retreatment with the same anti-TNF agent. METHODS: electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Primary outcomes were the pooled percentage of relapses after the withdrawal of anti-TNF agents. Secondary outcomes were the pooled percentage of the response to retreatment with the same anti-TNF agent after relapse. RESULTS: thirty-seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-TNF agent was 43 % for ulcerative colitis (UC) and 43 % for Crohn's disease (CD). In UC, the relapse rate was 37 % at 1-2 year, and 58 % at 3-5 years. In CD, the relapse rate was 38 % at 1-2 year, 53 % at 3-5 years, and 49 % at more than five years. When clinical remission was the only criterion for stopping anti-TNF agent, the relapse rate was 42 % in UC and 45 % in CD, which decreased to 40 % in UC and 36 % in CD when clinical remission and endoscopic healing were required. Retreatment with the same anti-TNF agent induced remission again in 78 % of UC patients and 76 % of CD patients. CONCLUSION: our meta-analysis showed that a high proportion of IBD patients will relapse after discontinuation of anti-TNF agent. The response to retreatment with the same anti-TNF agent is generally favorable in patients who relapse.

Quantum Image Encryption Based on Quantum DNA Codec and Pixel-Level Scrambling.

In order to increase the security and robustness of quantum images, this study combined the quantum DNA codec with quantum Hilbert scrambling to offer an enhanced quantum image encryption technique. Initially, to accomplish pixel-level diffusion and create enough key space for the picture, a quantum DNA codec was created to encode and decode the pixel color information of the quantum image using its special biological properties. Second, we used quantum Hilbert scrambling to muddle the image position data in order to double the encryption effect. In order to enhance the encryption effect, the altered picture was then employed as a key matrix in a quantum XOR operation with the original image. The inverse transformation of the encryption procedure may be used to decrypt the picture since all the quantum operations employed in this research are reversible. The two-dimensional optical image encryption technique presented in this study may significantly strengthen the anti-attack of quantum picture, according to experimental simulation and result analysis. The correlation chart demonstrates that the average information entropy of the RGB three channels is more than 7.999, the average NPCR and UACI are respectively 99.61% and 33.42%, and the peak value of the ciphertext picture histogram is uniform. It offers more security and robustness than earlier algorithms and can withstand statistical analysis and differential assaults.

[Comparison of Disease Burden Factors of Thyroid Cancer Between China and the World From 1990 to 2019].

Objective To compare the prevalence and disease burden of thyroid cancer and their trends between China and the globe from 1990 to 2019.Methods With the global disease burden data in 2019,Joinpoint was used to predict the trends of the disease burden of thyroid cancer in China and the globe from 1990 to 2019,and logarithmic linear model was used to test the predicted trends.The R language was used for predictive analysis and graphic plotting of the disease burden from 2020 to 2035.Results From 1990 to 2019,the standardized incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in China were lower than those in the globe.The standardized incidence rate in China and the globe showed an increasing trend(with the increases of 102.65% and 40.65%,respectively),while the standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend(with the decreases of 7.63% and 4.91%,respectively).Compared with those of the female population,the standardized incidence and mortality rates of the Chinese male population increased significantly from 1990 to 2019(the rates of change in the male population were 48.65% and 214.60%,respectively;and the rates of change in the female population were -39.01% and 60.44%,respectively).China's overall standardized years of life lost(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD),and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)rates during the 30-year period were lower than the global average.The Chinese and global populations showed the standardized YLL rate decreasing by 16.61% and 6.88% and the standardized DALY rate decreasing by 10.77% and 3.65%,respectively,while the rates of standardized YLD increased by 128.91% and 46.89%,respectively.The magnitude of DALY in China and the world was mainly influenced by YLL.The standardized incidence,mortality,and DALY rates of the Chinese male population were gradually approaching the global levels.From 1990 and 2019,thyroid cancer showed a higher mortality rate in the population with the age ≥ 75 years and a higher incidence rate in the population with the age <75 years.It is projected that from 2020 to 2035,the standardized incidence rates in China and the world will increase by 36.66% and 21.15%,respectively;the standardized mortality rates will decrease by 20.19% and 3.46%,respectively;and the standardized DALY rate is expected to decrease by 7.08% in China and increase by 4.35% in the world.Conclusions From 1990 to 2019,China's standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased and had a higher increase than the global level,and the standardized mortality rate decreased,with a slightly higher decrease than the global level.However,the increases in the standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of this disease in China's ≥75 years male population were severe.Although China's disease burden of thyroid cancer showed a decreasing trend in line with the global trend as a whole,the disease burden in the Chinese males was higher than that in the females.Specifically,the disease burden due to premature death was predominant,and the burden in specific populations requires policy attention.