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BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of muscular tuberculosis (TB) without coexistent active skeletal involvement is often challenging because the disease is very rare and its clinical manifestation is nonspecific and misleading. To raise the awareness and emphasize early diagnosis of muscular TB, we present a case of multiple tuberculous muscle abscesses in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) female, but without pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), in order to increase awareness of and stress the need of early detection of muscular TB. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old woman with a 6-year history of SLE who had been treated with methylprednisolone for a long time complained of erythema on her trunk and extremities for five months, along with edema and myalgia for two months, and fever for one month. The patient was first misdiagnosed as SLE overlap dermatomyositis. However, an ultrasound-guided drainage of muscle abscesses revealed positive acid-fast staining combined with positive deoxyribonucleic acid fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The patient was cured and released following standard anti-tuberculosis medication, local puncture drainage, and an intravitreal injection of streptomycin. Literature search found only 19 cases of tuberculous muscle abscesses occurring in the extremities reported from 1999 to 2023. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapulmonary TB with predominantly muscle involvement is rare and with no specific clinical presentation. Muscular tuberculosis may be disdiagnosed for dermatomyositis due to the high muscle enzyme levels, delaying diagnosis and treatment. mNGS technology is helpful in the early and rapid diagnosis of muscular TB. On the basis of traditional anti-tuberculosis treatment, an ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture drainage and intracavitary injection of streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculous muscle abscess is easy to operate, safe and effective, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
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Dermatomiositis , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Tuberculosis , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Absceso/diagnóstico , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Músculos , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/diagnóstico , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , EstreptomicinaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In about 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) over-expression or gene-amplification is associated with poor prognosis. Thanks to the development of target therapies, HER2 positive patients can be managed using HER2-targeting drugs. There are several kinds ofHER2 inhibitors, such as trastuzumab, lapatinib, and pyrotinib. Pyrotinib which exert different functions, of note, the latest generation of the drug, is an irreversible small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (HER1) and/or HER2âand/or HER4. Both lapatinib and pyrotinib potentially target EGFR and/or HER2, but in some instances, induces different responses of patients with EGFR and/or HER2 mutations. This is attributed to the different mutations in EGFR and HER2 genes, which may form distinct types of HER2 dimers, with different binding capacities to drugs. PATIENT CONCERNS: Five years ago, a patient underwent a radical mastectomy in an external hospital. Results of the resection histopathology revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma, pT3N0M0, stage IIB, HER2 positive. The lady patient received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was subjected to adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for 1 year. After a regular 1-year follow-up and in March 2018, she complained of chest pain and visited our hospital. We diagnosed her with metastatic breast cancer, positive for HER2. DIAGNOSIS: positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed multiple metastases in the lung and sternum, while the breast lesions did not progress, the curative effect of which we evaluated as a progressive disease. Then, lapatinib integrated with chemotherapy was administered to the patient. After 5 cycles of the treatment, the patient experienced lower back pain. Through CT examination, it was revealed that she had multiple metastases in the lung and sternum, in addition to new metastases in the lumbar spine and right lobe of the liver. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple metastases in the brain, and the disease further progressed. The results of circulating tumor DNA assays showed that other than HER2 amplification, novel EGFR-ZNF880 fusion and EGFR E114K mutations developed. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was administered with a combination of pyrotinib with chemotherapy. OUTCOMES: After 2 months of pyrotinib treatment, the metastases of the lung, sternum, lumbar spine, and right lobe of the liver disappeared. Also, the size of the brain metastases reduced while bone metastases were relieved. The curative effect was evaluated as a partial response. Following the results of circulating tumor DNA assays, HER2 amplification, EGFR-ZNF880 fusion, and EGFR E114K mutations disappeared. However, since a small lesion was present in the brain, the patient was subjected to radiotherapy in the head. Notably, after 9 months treatment with pyrotinib, enhanced CT indicated that tumors in the breast, liver, both lungs, brain, and bone were under control. The patient continually received oral pyrotinib, however, a new brain lesion appeared 6 months later. Overall, we managed to regulate the efficacy of pyrotinib for up to 15 months. CONCLUSION: This case report demonstrates that EGFR-ZNF880 fusion and EGFR E114K mutations may contribute or lead to the formation of a special HER2 dimer, which is rapidly resistant to lapatinib but sensitive to pyrotinib. Of note, this is the first report that such a new fusion has been found.
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Acrilamidas/uso terapéutico , Aminoquinolinas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Acrilamidas/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Aminoquinolinas/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Humanos , Mastectomía , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been shown to be promising in surgical training in rhinology. The objectives of this study were to develop a set of 3D-printed models including the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the postsurgical paranasal sinuses, and to assess the face and content validity in endoscopic training. METHODS: The computed tomography (CT) data of a pediatric patient without nasal disorders and an adult patient with nasal septal deviation were selected to produce the models of the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the CT data of an adult patient who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery 4 months ago was chosen to create the paranasal sinus model. After the models were printed by our desktop-level 3D printer, 5 rhinologists used the 5-point Likert scales to evaluate the fidelity and utility. Additionally, a group of prespecified tasks were completed by the rhinologists and 5 residents respectively for supplementary content validation. The difference of time used in completing each task was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: All the models were prototyped in 24 hours, and the total cost for each model was less than 100 CNY (15 USD). The overall scores for fidelity and usefulness in endoscopic training were above 4.0. The experts accomplished all tasks using significantly less time than the residents (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses made by our desktop-level 3D printer are high-fidelity, low-cost, and useful in training basic endoscopic skills.
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Modelos Anatómicos , Cavidad Nasal/cirugía , Procedimientos Quírurgicos Nasales/educación , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/educación , Impresión Tridimensional , Entrenamiento Simulado/métodos , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Humanos , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Senos Paranasales/anatomía & histología , Senos Paranasales/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the correlation of ceramides(Cer),triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,residual cholesterol(RC)and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS)in elderly with ischemic stroke(IS).Methods A total of 209 elderly IS patients admitted in the Affiliated Hospi-tal of Xuzhou Medical University from January to December 2022 were recruited,and according to intracranial artery stenosis,they were divided into stenosis group(n=122)and non-stenosis group(n=87).TyG index and RC levels were calculated after testing different types of Cer.Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used.Results Compared with the non-stenosis group,the stenosis group had significantly larger proportions of higher levels of LP(a),HbA1c,TyG index,RC and Cer16∶0,Cer18∶0,Cer24∶1,Cer16∶0/Cer24∶0,Cer24∶1/24∶0 and Cer18∶0/24∶0,and lower Cer24∶ 0 level(P<0.05,P<0.01).The levels of Cer16∶0,Cer18∶0,Cer24∶1,Cer16∶0/24∶0,Cer18∶0/24∶0,Cer24∶1/24∶0,LP(a),HbA1c,TyG index and RC were positively correlated with(r=0.290,0.343,0.383,0.436,0.434,0.481,0.166,0.248,0.140,0.204,P<0.05,P<0.01),and Cer24∶0 was negatively with ICAS(r=-0.247,P<0.01).Cer18∶0,Cer24∶1,Cer16∶0/Cer24∶0,Cer18∶0/Cer24∶0 and RC were important influencing factors for ICAS(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion The levels of Cer,TyG index and RC are higher in elderly IS patients,and these indicators might be the risk factors for ICAS.
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Objective assessment of image quality is fundamentally important in many image processing tasks. In this paper, we focus on learning blind image quality assessment (BIQA) models, which predict the quality of a digital image with no access to its original pristine-quality counterpart as reference. One of the biggest challenges in learning BIQA models is the conflict between the gigantic image space (which is in the dimension of the number of image pixels) and the extremely limited reliable ground truth data for training. Such data are typically collected via subjective testing, which is cumbersome, slow, and expensive. Here, we first show that a vast amount of reliable training data in the form of quality-discriminable image pairs (DIPs) can be obtained automatically at low cost by exploiting large-scale databases with diverse image content. We then learn an opinion-unaware BIQA (OU-BIQA, meaning that no subjective opinions are used for training) model using RankNet, a pairwise learning-to-rank (L2R) algorithm, from millions of DIPs, each associated with a perceptual uncertainty level, leading to a DIP inferred quality (dipIQ) index. Extensive experiments on four benchmark IQA databases demonstrate that dipIQ outperforms the state-of-the-art OU-BIQA models. The robustness of dipIQ is also significantly improved as confirmed by the group MAximum Differentiation competition method. Furthermore, we extend the proposed framework by learning models with ListNet (a listwise L2R algorithm) on quality-discriminable image lists (DIL). The resulting DIL inferred quality index achieves an additional performance gain.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of autophagy on liver injury with obstructive jaundice in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and its underlying mechanism.Methods:Thirty-five healthy male SD rats, SPF grade, aged 6-8 weeks, weighting 200-300 g, were divided into 5 groups with 7 rats in each group, including sham group (simple free common bile duct, without ligation, intraperitoneal injection of normal saline), obstructive jaundice (OJ) group (established by common bile duct ligation, intraperitoneal injection of normal saline), OJ group with 3-MA, OJ group with Rapamycin, and OJ group with 3-MA and VX-765. Morphological changes in liver tissues were analyzed with HE staining. Expression of autophagy-related protein Atg5 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Liver function was analyzed by automatic biochemical instrument and the level of serum interleukin (IL)-18 was detected using ELISA assay. Protein levels of autophagy related-proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stressed (ERs)-related apoptosis proteins were detected by Western Blot.Results:The relative expression of autophagy related protein Atg5 in OJ group was significantly higher than that in sham group [(5.0±1.0) vs. (2.8±1.3), t=-3.00, P<0.05]. Compared with sham group, the activity of autophagy was enhanced and the protein levels of Caspase-1/p-65 and IL-18 were significantly increased in OJ group. At the same time, apoptosis was induced by activating ERs. In OJ group, the autophagy inducer 3-MA improved the expression levels of Caspase-1/p-65 and IL-18, and aggravate liver injury. While after applying the autophagy agonist Rapamycin in OJ rat models, the expression of Caspase-1/p-65 and IL-18 was repressed and liver damage was also reduced. In addition, in rat OJ groups with 3-MA, inhibition of Caspase-1 by VX-765 could down regulate the expression of Caspase-1/p-65 and IL-18, and protect against liver injury. Conclusions:Both ERs related apoptosis and autophagy were activated after ligation of common bile duct. Besides, activation of autophagy could reduce OJ-induced liver injury in SD rats by inhibiting the Caspase-1/p-65 inflammatory pathway.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is rare and enhanced CT or MRI can be used for its diagnosis. Surgical procedure is the main treatment for HCC with BDTT. The authors introduce the experiences of recurrent patient with HCC and BDTT who was treated with targeted therapy plus immunotherapy, in order to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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The recombinant chimeric enzyme of AnsB-TTP-CETPC, which comprised asparagianse, tetanus toxin helper T-cell epitope and CETP B-cell epitope, was used to vaccinate New Zealand white rabbits in alum adjuvant. After anti-CETP antibodies were successfully produced, rabbits were fed with a high cholesterol diet for fifteen weeks until atherosclerotic lesions formed in arteries. The results showed that after CETP was inhibited by anti-CETP antibodies the fraction of plasma cholesterol in HDL increased and the fraction of plasma cholesterol in LDL decreased in rAnsB-TTP-CETPC immunized rabbits. The average size of aorta atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits treated with rAnsB-TTP-CETPC was 42.3% less than in rabbits treated with OVA (neutral control), or 47.6% less than in rabbits treated with rHSP 65 (negative control). The average thickness of hyperplastic coronary artery in rAnsB-TTP-CETPC immunized rabbits was 159+/-12 microm, which was significantly lower than in rHSP 65 immunized rabbits (187+/-15 microm) or OVA immunized rabbits (248+/-18 microm). The data reported here demonstrated that rAnsB-TTP-CETPC could significantly attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet, and might be developed to an anti-atherosclerosis vaccine in the future.
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Anticuerpos Bloqueadores/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Bloqueadores/uso terapéutico , Arteriosclerosis/prevención & control , Proteínas Portadoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Portadoras/inmunología , Glicoproteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Animales , Arteriosclerosis/inmunología , Arteriosclerosis/patología , Western Blotting , Proteínas de Transferencia de Ésteres de Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Vasos Coronarios/patología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/patología , Conejos , Vacunas Atenuadas , Vacunas SintéticasRESUMEN
Objective To make biomechanical evaluation on ultimate pullout strength of the suture anchors based on the angle of suture anchor (SA) implanted into the humerus during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) surgery. Methods Polyurethane materials with densities of 0.16 g/cm3 and 0.32 g/cm3 were used to simulate osteoporosis and normal cancellous bone, and polyurethane materials with densities of 0.64 g/cm3 and 3 mm thickness were used to simulate human cortical bone. The two kinds of cancellous bone models were respectively adhered together with cortical bone model to construct human humerus model. Titanium metal suture anchors were inserted into humerus models at 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° angle, then the continuous tensile experiments were performed, and 45° pulling direction between the humerus model surface and suture anchor was used to simulate the supraspinatus physiological traction direction, and each group was continuously tested 8 times, recording the pullout strength and failure modes. ResultsThe pullout force of high-density bone models was significantly higher than that of low-density bone models (P<0.001), and at the same density, compared with 45°, 60° and 75°, the implant angle of 90° has a larger pullout force (P<0.01). Conclusions In the model of humerus, the 90° implantation of suture anchor showed better biomechanical properties, and the vertical implantation of anchor in the repair of rotator cuff was beneficial to the knotting during operation and postoperative recovery of the supraspinatus.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of oral administration of Bletilla Striata polysaccharide cream combined with Honghua Xiaoyao tablet in the treatment of chloasma.Methods:A total of 220 female patients with chloasma treated in the dermatology department of Taihe Hospital of Shiyan (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical College) from January 2018 to October 2018 were enrolled.The patients were divided into treatment group and control group by random number table method, with 110 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with Bletilla Striata polysaccharide cream, 1 time in the morning and evening.The control group was treated with Qianbai cream, 1 time in the morning and evening, and the two groups were treated with Honghua Xiaoyao tablets, each time 1.17g, 3 times a day.One month was a course of treatment, a total of 3 courses of treatment.The effect was observed by skin lesion score, effective rate and adverse reaction.Results:After 3 courses of treatment, the skin lesion score and effective rate in the treatment group were (0.93±0.31)points, 84.55%(93/110), respectively, which in the control group were (1.39±0.44)points, 65.45%(71/110), respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( t=9.901, χ 2=11.594, all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(χ 2=4.053, P<0.05). Conclusion:The efficacy of Bletilla Striata polysaccharide cream combined with Honghua Xiaoyao tablet in the treatment of chloasma is better than Qianbai cream, and the incidence of adverse reaction is low.
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@#The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of lidocaine on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 and MMP-2 activity in plasma, and the effects of lidocaine on LPS-induced acute lung injury(ALI). Mice were pretreated with lidocaine(2, 4, 8 mg/kg )for 30 minutes, and then treated with 10 mg/kg LPS(ip)for 12 h to induce ALI. The 7-day survival rate and lung wet/dry weight ratio of mice were monitored. Phosphorylation level of p38 was measured by western blot. The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in plasma was evaluated by gelatin zymography. The results showed that pretreatment with lidocaine could significantly reduce the death rate of ALI mice as well as the lung wet/dry weight ratio in a dose-dependent manner and suppress the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in plasma. Moreover, lidocaine also markedly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of p-p38 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, lidocaine alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity.
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Objective@#This study aimed to identify clinicopathological factors predictive of lymph node metastasis in patients with the poorly differentiated early gastric cancer (EGC) to assess the feasibility of using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).@*Methods@#The records of patients with poorly differentiated early gastric cancer undergoing gastric radical resection between January 2012 and December 2016 were reviewed in Ruijin hospital. Those with distant metastasis, two or more malignant tumors, remnant gastric cancer, neo adjuvant therapy, previous history of gastric surgery or clear history of perigastric lymphadenectomy, and mixed tumors were excluded. Age, sex, presence of ulcerous lesion, tumor size, tumor location, depth of invasion, type of differentiation, lymphatic vessel invasion, vascular invasion, nerve invasion and HER2 expression were collected. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors of perigastric lymph node metastasis.According to the Guidelines for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer (2018 edition) of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), the expanded indications of ESD for EGC are as follows: (1)no ulcerative lesions, the maximum diameter of lesions >2 cm of differentiated intramucosal cancer; (2)ulcerative lesions, the maximum diameter of lesions ≤3 cm of differentiated intramucosal cancer; (3)no ulcerative lesions, undifferentiated intramucosal carcinoma with diameter ≤2 cm. The relationship between clinicopathological factors and lymph node metastasis was analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 517 patients, aged 21-83 (57.1±11.7), including 307 males and 210 females, were enrolled in the study. Among them, 114 (22.0%) patients had lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that ulcerative lesion (P=0.042), tumor diameter (P=0.048), depth of invasion (P<0.001), location of tumors (P<0.001), lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.009), vascular invasion (P<0.001) and nerve invasion (P=0.028) were related to lymph node metastasis after radical resection of poorly differentiated early adenocarcinoma. Age, sex, type of differentiation and HER2 expression were not significantly correlated to lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.03-2.52, P=0.037), depth of invasion (OR=2.77, 95% CI:1.66-4.63, P<0.001), lymphatic duct invasion (OR=14.74, 95% CI:1.58-137.36, P=0.018) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in poorly differentiated EGC, and ulcerative lesion was not a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (OR=0.82, 95% CI:0.56-1.18,P=0.285). A total of 119 patients with poorly differentiated EGC fully complied with the relative indications of ESD recommended by the Japanese Statute and the criteria for radical resection after ESD. Among them, 14 (11.8%) still had perigastric lymph node metastasis, while the gender, tumor diameter, location, differentiation and HER2 expression were not associated with lymph node metastasis (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For patients with poorly differentiated EGC, the application of ESD should be carefully weighed with precise assessment of tumor diameter, depth of invasion, and lymphatic duct invasion.
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@#This study aims to explore the involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)-Gap junction regulation in the rat model of bone cancer pain and figure out whether adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK )activator metformin could attenuate bone cancer pain through this mechanism. Tumor cell implantation(TCI)induced bone cancer pain model in rats was established. The rats were administered, respectively, with 20 μL of metformin(50, 100 μg), JNK inhibitor SP600125(10 μg), gap junction inhibitor(carbenoxolone, CBX)(10 μg)and AMPK inhibitor Compound C(CC)(10 μg). The Von Frey Assay was applied to test the mechanical pain threshold. The activity of Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(IBA-1)and Connexin 43(Cx43)in spinal cord was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Changes of p-JNK expression were detected by Western blot. JNK inhibitor SP600125 relieved TCI-induced bone cancer pain significantly in rats, while this analgesic effect was almost canceled by the blocker of gap junction carbenoxolone(CBX). Various concentration of metformin(50, 100 μg, i. t. )significantly inhibited TCI-induced mechanical allodynia and the changes of p-JNK and p-Cx43 expression were also reversed in spinal cord in rats. Together, these data suggested that activation of AMPK with metformin attenuated TCI-induced bone cancer pain via regulating the function of JNK-Gap junction in rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the differences of clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis between patients with extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) and duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (DGIST).@*Methods@#A retrospective case - control study was performed. Case inclusion criteria: (1) tumor confirmed by histology and pathology; (2) primary tumor locating in the extra - gastrointestinal tract or duodenum; (3) without other synchronous tumors; (4) complete clinical and pathological data. Clinical data of 20 EGIST patients and 32 DGIST patients from March 2011 to September 2016 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The observational parameters included clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis conditions. Continuous data of abnormal distribution were expressed as median (range) and compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Survival curves were drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the Log-rank test.@*Results@#Of the 20 EGIST patients, 8 were males and 12 were females with age of 61.0 (30.0 to 86.0) years and of the 32 DGIST patients, 12 were males and 20 were females with age of 55.5 (27.0 to 70.0) years. Compared with DGIST patients, EGIST patients were older (U=188.000, P=0.012], had larger tumor size [10.0 (3.0 to 29.0) cm vs. 4.0 (1.5 to 10.0) cm, U=98.500, P<0.001] and higher ratio of high risk classification [85.0% (17/20) vs. 12.5% (4/32), χ2=26.870, P<0.001]. Among the 20 EGIST patients, 5 were diagnosed with distal metastasis and received imatinib (400 mg/d), and the other 15 patients underwent radical resection who were included in survival analysis. All the 32 DGIST patients underwent radical resection. The median follow-up of whole group was 43 (14 to 76) months. The 3-year recurrence/metastasis-free survival rate of 15 cases undergoing radical resection in the EGIST group was 85.6%, which was lower than that of the DGIST group (88.6%), and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.745). There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate between the EGIST group (92.9%) and the DGIST group (100%) (P=0.271).@*Conclusions@#As compared to DGIST, EGIST mostly occurs in those with older age, larger tumor size and higher risk grade. The prognosis of EGIST patients after radical resection is similar to that of DGIST patients.
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Objective To investigate the difference in behavioral and psychological symptoms among Al-zheimer's disease(AD)patients with different severity of white matter hyperintensity(WMH). Methods A total of 37 AD patients were enrolled and were followed-up for 4 weeks. They were checked by 3.0 T MRI at baseline, including T1,T2-weighted phase and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence(FLAIR phase).The image pro-fessionals analyzed the images and process data.The Fazekas scale was used for WMH rating.Assessment tools in-cluded the Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI)、MMSE and ADAS-cog. Results There were 14 patients in none-mild WMH group and 23 patients in moderate-severe WMH group. The age of two groups were 71.3 ± 12.5 and 78.7 ± 6.1 years old respectively(P<0.05).The comparison of NPI,MMSE and ADAS-cog assessment results be-tween two groups show that there is significance difference in NPI baseline scoring and 4-week scoring.The score in moderate-severe group w is higher than that in the none-mild group(P < 0.05). However,the changed value of baseline-4-week NPI is not statistically significant. There is no significant difference between MMSE and ADAS -cog score and changed value.Conclusion Taken together,the severity of WMH may be related to behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of reoperation patients with postoperative recurrence or metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).@*METHODS@#A retrospective case-control study was performed on the clinical data of 31 patients with GIST who had recurrence or metastasis after the first surgery and underwent one or more operations again from February 2003 to January 2016 at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The clinical characteristics of these patients were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to calculate the survival rate, Cox univariate and multivariate regression model was applied to prognosis analysis.@*RESULTS@#Age of these 31 patients at the first operation was 35-78 (median 49) years, including 17 males (54.8%) and 14 females (45.2%). The tumors of 21 cases located in small intestines (67.7%), 2 cases in stomach (6.5%), 4 cases (12.9%) in colorectum and of 4 cases (12.9%) in other sites. According to NIH criteria, risk assessment indicated 26 cases were(83.8%) with high risk, 3 cases (9.7%) with moderate risk, and 2 cases (6.5%) with low risk. After the first operation, 15 cases received the IM (imatinib) therapy regularly based on NCCN guideline,10 cases received the therapy irregularly, and the other 6 cases did not receive the therapy. R0 resection was performed in 29 cases (93.5%) and R1/R2 resection was performed in 2 cases (6.5%). The median interval between the first operation to the recurrence was 32.3 (5.2-117.6) months and the median age of recurrence was 56 years old. Refer to the recurrent location, 28 cases (90.3%) were found in the same location or liver, 1 case in greater omentum, and 2 cases in pelvic cavity. The median diameter of the tumor in reoperation was 6.5 cm. Twenty-three cases(74.2%) received R0 excision and the other 8 cases(25.8%) received R1/R2 excision. At diagnosis of tumor recurrence, 20 cases (64.5%) received the second surgery immediately and the other 11 cases received surgery after imatinib or sunitinib treatment. Twenty-nine (93.5%) patients were followed up for 7.3 to 160.3 (median 49.5) months. After the second surgery, the relapse-free survival (RFS) of the whole group was 3.2 to 148.6(median: 29.7) months. Till the end of follow-up, 9 cases died of recurrence. Among 20 alive cases, 8 cases were living with the tumor, 1 case received the third surgery. The median overall survival (OS) time was 38.4(6.2-160.3) months. The 5-year RFS and the 5-year OS of 15 cases who received regular targeted therapy after the first operation were 73.4% and 81.7% respectively, significantly higher than those of the other 16 cases who received irregular or no targeted therapy(37.6%, P=0.015 and 38.9%,P=0.023,respectively). The 5-year RFS rate and the 5-year OS rate of the 11 patients who were diagnosed or complicated with liver metastasis were 29.8% and 32.2% respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the 20 patients without liver metastasis (79.1% and 88.1% respectively, both P<0.001). Cox model for OS, the results showed that regular targeted therapy after first surgery(HR=0.362, 95%CI:0.210-1.074, P=0.089) and the liver metastasis (HR=5.342, 95%CI: 0.902-12.580, P=0.057) were not the independent risk factors.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Regular targeted therapy according to the guideline after the first operation for GIST patients with recurrence or metastasis may improve the prognosis. Prognosis of GIST patients with postoperative liver metastasis is poor.
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China , Tumores del Estroma Gastrointestinal , Diagnóstico , Cirugía General , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Pronóstico , Reoperación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, and it is a serious threat to human lives. We previously showed that the N-terminal peptide analog of human parathyroid hormone (Pro-Pro-PTH(1-34)) enhanced plasma calcium concentration. In this paper, we study the impact of PTH N-terminal fragment analog on the structure, component, and mechanical properties of the rat bones. Daily subcutaneous injections of Pro-Pro-hPTH (1-34) induces 26.5-32.8% increase in femur bone mineral density (BMD), 23.0-34.2% decrease the marrow cavity or increase in trabecular bone area. The peptide also increases 16.0-59.5%, 28.8-48.2% and 14.0-17.8% of bone components of calcium, phosphorus and collagen, respectively. In terms of mechanic properties, administration of the peptide elevates the bone rigidity by 45.4-76.6%, decreases the flexibility by 23.0-31.6%, and improves modulus of elasticity by 32.8-63.4%. The results suggest that Pro-Pro-hPTH (1-34) has a positive effect on bone growth and strength, and possesses anti-fracture capability, thus a potential candidate for the application for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Fémur/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Paratiroidea/farmacología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/sangre , Colágeno/metabolismo , Módulo de Elasticidad , Femenino , Fémur/fisiología , Humanos , Ovariectomía , Fósforo/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin on plantar incision-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 activity,microglia activation and the analgesic effect of quercetin on plantar incision surgery-treated mice.Postoperative pain model was mediated by plantar incision surgery and Von Frey Hairs was used to test the mechanical pain threshold.The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in spinal cord was evaluated by gelatin zymography.The marker of microglia ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1),phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) was detected by Western blot.Results showed that quercetin (20,40,80 mg/kg,ip) significantly inhibited plantar incisioninduced mechanical allodynia and suppressed the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the spinal cord.Moreover,quercetin also markedly inhibited plantar incision-induced up-regulation of IBA-1 and p-p38 in spinal cord.In conclusion,quercetin may alleviate postoperative pain by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in microglia.
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Objective To identify the differences inneuropsychological characteristics between amnestic(AMCI)and vascular mild cognitive impairment(VMCI).Methods Totally 297 old community residents with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)were divided into amnestic MCI(AMCI)and vascular MCI(VMCI)subgroup from Guangzhou MCI prevalence survey.The elderly with MCI were interviewed and tested with the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),the Mini-Mental state examination(MMSE),Auditory Verbal Learning Test(AVLT),the Clinical Dementia Rating scale(CDR),Functional Activity Questionnaire(FAQ),the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale(M-HIS),Center for Epidemiologic Studies(CES-DC)to evaluate neuropsychological characteristics.Results AMCI versus VMCI group showed that the total scores of MoCA were(9.63±5.17 vs.9.98±6.02),total scores of MMSE were(16.90±4.84 vs.16.90±6.19),AVLT immediate memory was(2.35±1.39 vs.2.91±1.84),AVLT delayed recall was(2.23±2.09 vs.2.47±2.20),AVLT delayed recognition was(7.33±3.98 vs.6.85±4.02)and total scores of CDR(0.5 vs.0.5),with no differences between the 2 groups(all P>0.05).Based on MoCA survey,AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of visual space and execution(0.71±1.02 vs.0.92±1.26),language function(0.34±0.56 vs.0.50±0.80)and abstract thinking(0.25±0.49 vs.0.15±0.43),but based on MMSE survey,no difference was found in the various cognitive domains between the two groups.The AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of CES-DC scale(1.75±4.27 vs.2.76±6.72),FAQ scale(4.42±4.66 vs.8.71±7.03),M-HIS scale(0.40±0.64 vs.7.59±3.53).Conclusions There is no significant difference in general cognitive impairment between AMCI and VMCI,but the visual space and execution,language function are more impaired in AMCI than VMCI,and the abstract thinking,social function are more impaired with more depressive symptoms in VMCI than in AMCI.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical control trials about the efficacy and safety of surgery combined with HIPEC in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer published before June 2014 were searched in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and CNKI database. Quality of enrolled articles was evaluated with the guidelines from Cochrane collaborative network. All the retrieved data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed by exclusion of non-randomly clinical control trials. Publication bias was evaluated by failure safe number (Nfs0.05).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 1489 AGC cases included from 16 literature, 698 underwent surgery with HIPEC (HIPEC group) while 791 underwent surgery alone (control group). According to whether or not the patient presented macroscopic peritoneal metastasis before the surgery, the HIPEC group was further divided into the curative HIPEC (n=102) and prophylactic HIPEC groups (n=421). The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with control group, the 1-year (OR=2.26, 95%CI:1.71 ~ 3.00, P=0.000), 3-year (OR=2.27, 95%CI:1.80 - 2.87, P=0.000) and 5-year (OR=1.58, 95%CI:1.20 - 2.07, P=0.001) survival rates of HIPEC group were significantly improved with significantly decreased overall recurrence rate of liver, lung, bone or peritoneal metastasis (OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.26 - 0.71, P=0.001) and lower peritoneal metastasis recurrence rate (OR=0.30, 95%CI:0.17 - 0.52, P=0.000). However, there was higher incidence of procedure-related morbidity in the HIPEC group (OR=1.67, 95%CI:1.13 - 2.45, P=0.009), whereby the incidences of myelotoxicity (OR=4.90, 95%CI:1.05 - 22.83, P=0.040) and renal insufficiency were higher (OR=3.59, 95%CI:1.67 - 7.74, P=0.001). While the other complications, such as anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction and respiratory diseases were not significantly different between the two groups(all P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with control group, the rates of peritoneal recurrence and metastasis in the prophylactic HIPEC group were significantly lower (OR=0.34, 95%CI:0.24 - 0.48, P=0.000), while such rates were not significantly different in curative HIPEC group (OR=0.07, 95%CI:0.00 - 1.88, P=0.110).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgery combined with HIPEC can improve survival of AGC patients and reduce the recurrence rate after surgery. However its safety should be improved in the future.</p>