[Use of a modified Aldridge method for the elimination of certain amino acids and protein components interfering with the determination of thiocyanate in human and animal sera (author's transl)]. / Anwendung einer modifizierten Aldridge-Methode zur Eliminierung einiger Aminosäuren und Proteinbestandteile als Störfaktoren der Thiocyanatbestimmung in menschlichen tierischen Seren.

Since the amino acids and protein components remaining in the supernatant after protein precipitation react with bromine to give cyanogen bromide just as thiocyanate, they interfere with the determination of human and animal sera by the Aldridge method. This interference is widely eliminated by hydrochlorination of the amino acids or by reduction of the redox potential of bromine in an acid medium.

[Gas chromatographic determination of thiocyanate in vegetable and animal foods and in human serum following paper chromatographic separation (author's transl)]. / Gaschromatografische Bestimmung des Thiocyanats in pflanzlichen und tierischen Lebensmitteln sowie Humanserum nach papierchromatografischer Abtrennung.

Paper chromatographic separation of thiocyanate is the first step in determining non-bound thiocyanate in homogenized animal and vegetable foods and in human serum. The thiocyanate eluated from the paper chromatogram is brominated and then determined as cyanogen bromide using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. Interfering substances (mainly ethanol-unprecipitable protein components, amino acids and cyanide from glycosidic precursors) are eliminated by this procedure.

[Comparative studies on the determination of thiocyanate in biological materials (author's transl)]. / Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung von Thiocyanat in biologischen Materialien.

On verifying methods for the determination of thiocyanate in biological materials, we started from the technique as described by Boxer and Rickards [5]. In different methods, the accuracy of the data obtained is affected by the deproteinization process or interfered with iron (III) ions or pyridine/benzidine, the deproteinization process being the decisive factor. This holds true especially in respect of interfering factors that remain in the supernatant (low-molecular amino compounds) and in respect of the coprecipitation of thiocyanate, the nature of the respective biological material playing an important part in both cases. At higher thiocyanate concentrations, pretreatment with a denaturing agent that is commonly used to deproteinization of human and bovine sera involves a small loss of thiocyanate due to coprecipitation. In case of high demands on reproducibility and accuracy of the analytical results, and in case of special analytical problems, isolation of thiocyanate is absolutely necessary (chromatography on Sephadex, aeration after conversion to hydrogen cyanide). Gas chromatography is suited for determining thiocyanate in whole blood.

[Determination of thiocyanate in serum with ion-selective liquid membrane electrodes]. / Zur Thiocyanatbestimmung in Serum mittels ionenselektiver Flüssigmembranelektroden.

The manufacture of a liquid membrane type thiocyanate ion selective electrode on the basis of crystalviolet thiocyanate or methylene blue thiocyanate solved in nitrobenzene is described. This electrodes are available for the determination of the thiocyanate ion in agents with high levels on chlorid or protein, for instance in serum. Thiocyanate levels in serum from smokers and nonsmokers determinated by this electrodes differ significant from values that were obtained by the barbituric acid method, but they were in good agreement with values determinated by ion exchange chromatography. It can be assumed that its possible to ascertain the part of the dissociated thiocyanate by means of the ion selective electrodes and the ion exchange chromatography.

[2-Chloro-6-methyl-4-benzylphenol (CMB), a potential antimicrobial agent Part 1: Microbiostatic Efficiency (author's transl)]. / 2-Chlor-6-methyl-4-benzylphenol (CMB), ein potentieller antimikrobieller Wirkstoff.

The antimicrobial agent 2-chloro-6-methyl-4-benzylphenol (CMB) can be made from a by-product of herbicide synthesis. CMB is of good to very good effectiveness against dermatophytes and yeast-like moulds and also against Gram-positive cocci. Its activity against Gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli is poor, but the contemplated concentration of 1% will be sufficient for practical purpose. A comparison with commercially available antimicrobial agents gives the impression that its closer examination will be promising. Possibilities of application studies aiming at discovering convenient fields of application are indicated.

[Studies on the effect of low concentrations of thiocyanate on the protein human serum albumin]. / Studien zur Beeinflussung des Proteins Humanserumalbumin durch Thiocyanationen in geringen Konzentrationen.

By means of fluorescence and absorption measurements the authors studied the interaction of the protein human serum albumin with relatively low concentrations (up to 5 mmol/l at the most) of thiocyanate ions. Such concentrations lead to a slight quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence in human serum albumin. The effect of thiocyanate is not due to an overall action on the protein (as sometimes observed with higher thiocyanate concentrations), but to a local interaction of the fluorophore tryptophan with the neighbouring anion-binding site which is occupied by thiocyanate.

[Use of paraformaldehyde tablets for bacterial count reduction, disinfection, cold sterilization, and sterile preservation of medical instruments. 3: On the use of paraformaldehyde tablets in medical institutions]. / Untersuchungen über den einsatz von paraformaldehydtabletten zur Keimzahlverminderung, Desinfektion, Kaltsterilisation und Sterilaufbewahrung von ärztlichem Instrumentarium.

Paraformaldehyde tablets are very effective against a wide spectrum of organisms. They may be recommended for targeted degerming measures in medical practice. Their utilization requires the observance of the conditions necessary for their efficient use. The tablets should be employed only in containers which are as tight-fitting as possible (preferentially instrument cabinets, Heynemann cabinets, catheter boxes and plastic bags). Paraformaldehyde tablets are well suited for the reduction of the bacterial population and the storage of nonwrapped sterilized instruments. For this purpose, 1 tablet/dm3 is needed. The exposure time required for bacterial count reduction is no less than 3 h. Despite certain limitations, paraformaldehyde tablets may be used for disinfecting. The objects to be disinfected should be neither too contaminated nor too soiled. The minimum period of exposure is 5 h, and 10 tablets/dm3 are necessary. Cold sterilization requires 10 tablets/dm3, too; but the exposure time ranges from 15 to 24 h. This method (which must be considered an expedient) should be employed only if the respective device or instrument cannot be sterilized by other sterilizing techniques. In any case, 80% relative air humidity is a must in the devices in which paraformaldehyde tablets are used.

[Studies on the relationship between 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the thiocyanate metabolism in the guinea-pig (author's transl)]. / Untersuchungen zur Beziehung zwischen der 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-carbonsäure und dem Thiocyanatstoffwechsel des Meerschweinchens.

In vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out to elucidate the metabolism of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ITC). By using 35S-ITC, the formation of 35SCN as well as of 35S-containing ITC metabolites could be excluded. As compared to the findings from control animals, the serum thiocyanate levels determined in guinea-pigs after oral administration of ITC were unchanged.

[Subacute and subchronic percutaneous tolerance testing (28-day and 90-day test) of epicutaneously applied dis-infectants as demonstrated by the example of peroxyethanoic acid (author's transl)]. / Subakute und subchronische percutane Verträglichkeitsprüfung im 28-und 90-Tag-Test von Desinfektionsmitteln bei epicutaner Applikation, dargestellt am Beispiel von Peroxyethansäure.

As compared to control animals, guinea-pigs to the shaved backs of which a dose of 0.16 ml of a 0.12% solution of PES/100g. of body mass had been applied twice daily for periods of 28 and 90 d, respectively (5 d of application being followed by 2 d without treatment), showed erythema, loss of hair, slower increase in mass, increased heart rate, smaller body mass/kidney mass and body mass/spleen mass ratios, increases in leucocytes, ASAT, ALAT, LDH I and LDH III. In the 28-d test, slight inflammatory symptoms of the liver, kidneys and heart were observed in the experimental animals. These symptoms were more marked in the 90-d test, granulomata in the livers being particularly striking. A pneumonia of moderate to very marked degree is suggestive of the activation of a clinically latent PES infect whereby the inflammatory alterations in the kidneys might be explained by the formation of metastases.