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Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. (P. crocatum), a traditional medicinal plant, has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities, including anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-allergic inflammatory activity and others. To identify the potential anti-allergic inflammatory effective constituents of P. crocatum, 13 single compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of P. crocatum leaves, and their structures were identified by contrasting their NMR spectroscopic data and previously published papers. First, the anti-allergic inflammatory activities of these single compounds were examined by accessing immune function related biomarkers such as nitric oxide (NO) and ß-hexosaminidase. We found that the methanol extract and catechaldehyde (compound 1) potently suppressed NO production. Additionally, Western blot analysis showed that P. crocatum methanol extract and compound 1 suppressed the production of NO by reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these observations, P. crocatum methanol extract and compound 1 remarkably decreased ß-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Furthermore, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay indicated that P. crocatum methanol extract and compound 1 exhibited no cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 and RBL-2H3 cells. Based on these findings, compound 1 is suggested as an active anti-allergic inflammatory component of P. crocatum.
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Antialérgicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Piper/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antialérgicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Metanol/química , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7 , RatasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exposure of free radicals, or known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), in hepatic cells may cause oxidative stress. Without proper treatment, it can induce liver injury and fatal hepatic disease, including cirrhosis. Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) is one of Indonesia's medicinal plants that has been known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to determine hepatoprotective effect of red betel leaves extract (RBLE) towards liver injury. METHOD: Hydrogen peroxide-induced HepG2 cells were used as liver injury model·H2O2-induced HepG2 cells were treated with 25 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL RBLE. Several parameters were observed, including TNF-α level through ELISA; necrotic, apoptotic, dead, live cells; and ROS level through flow cytometry analysis; and GPX gene expression through qPCR. RESULT: The study showed that treatment with RBLE were able to decrease TNF-α level; necrotic and death cells percentage; as well as ROS level. On the other hand, it were able to increase apoptotic and live cells percentage; as well as GPX gene expression. Low concentration (25 µg/mL) of RBLE treatment exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory activity as it was resulted in the lower TNF-α level and were able to switched hepatic cell death pathway from necrosis to apoptosis as shown by the shifted of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells percentage. This lead to lower death cells and ultimately improve live cells percentage. Meanwhile high concentration of RBLE (100 µg/mL) exhibited stronger antioxidant properties as indicated by lower ROS level and higher GPX gene expression. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study was able to demonstrate hepatoprotective effect of RBLE towards liver injury model through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation requires degradation of cellular components carried out by autophagy. However, the alteration of autophagy by different intensity of exercise in skeletal muscle is still unknown. In the present study, we investigate whether low, moderate, and high-intensity exercises have different impacts on autophagy gene expression in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of wistar rats. This work is limited because only rats are used, and does not cover human tissues. Twenty male wistar rats were assigned to four groups: sedentary control, low-intensity (LI, 10 m/minute), moderate-intensity (MI, 20 m/minute), and high-intensity (HI, 30 m/minute) exercises. Training was conducted 30 minutes/day with a 5 times/week interval for 8 weeks. RNA and protein were extracted from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles then stored in -80°C. Specific primers and antibodies for autophagy genes and protein levels were utilized for semi-quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Exercises decrease expression of autophagy gene LC3 (LI and MI 0.7 fold, HI 0.8 fold, p < 0.05) in gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscle (LI, MI, and HI 0.8 fold, p < 0.05) compared to control. On the other side, we observed p62 gene expression decreased in gastrocnemius (0.8 fold, p < 0.05) and soleus (0.9 fold, p < 0.05) muscles with MI, but increased in soleus (1.1 fold, p < 0.05) muscles with HI. This result is consistent with the change of protein level, suggesting that autophagy might be modulated by different type of exercise. This study suggests that intensity of exercise and different type of muscle fibers effect autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of wistar rats. MI exercise increases autophagy gene expression in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, but HI exercise decreases autophagy gene expression in soleus muscles of wistar rats. Soleus muscles are more responsive to exercise compared to gastrocnemius muscles.
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Autofagia , Expresión Génica , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Animales , Peso Corporal , Masculino , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Proteína Sequestosoma-1/genética , Proteína Sequestosoma-1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Four new compounds, acacetin 8-C-[ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 â 2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (1), 7-methoxyacacetin 8-C-[ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 â 3)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (2), 7-methoxyacacetin 8-C-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 â 2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (3), and 4â´-O-acetylacacetin 8-C-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (4), along with ten known compounds (5-14), were isolated from Piper aduncum leaves. The effects of these compounds on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were evaluated. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, and 11-13 inhibited the production of both IL-12 p40 and IL-6, with IC50 values ranging from 0.35 ± 0.01 to 1.40 ± 0.04 µM and 1.22 ± 0.02 to 3.79 ± 0.10 µM, respectively. Compounds 5 and 10 only showed strong inhibition effects on the production of IL-12 p40, with IC50 values of 2.76 ± 0.08 and 0.39 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. However, all compounds showed weak activity or no activity on TNF-α production at the tested concentrations.
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Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Piper/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung inflammatory condition that has the capacity to impair gas exchange and lead to hypoxemia. This condition is found to have been one of the most prevalent in patients of COVID-19 with a more serious condition. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains polyphenols that possess many health benefits. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activities of green tea extract in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung cells as ARDS cells model. Methods: In this study, rat lung cells (L2) were induced by LPS to mimic the inflammation observed in ARDS and later treated with green tea extract. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-12, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as well as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were investigated using the ELISA method. Gene expression of NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP-3), Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-product (RAGE), Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4), and Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were evaluated by qRTPCR. Apoptotic cells were measured using flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that green tea extract treatment can reduce inflammation by suppressing gene expressions of NF-κB, NLRP-3, TLR-4, and RAGE, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-α, and CRP, an acute phase protein. Apoptosis levels of inflamed cells also found to be lowered when green tea extract was administered; thus, also increasing live cells compared to non-treated cells. Conclusion: These findings could lead to the future development of supplements from green tea to help alleviate ARDS symptoms, especially during critical moments such as the current pandemic.
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Background: Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that is the initial cause of the development of periodontal disease by the activity of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Unaddressed chronic inflammation can lead to persistent disturbances in other parts of the body. Brazilin is a naturally occurring plant chemical that may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment based on the natural plant compound, brazilin, is developed in the form of a topical cream for easy application. Objective: The aim is to develop the natural compound brazilin in the form of a topical cream as an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce NF-κB expression through Imunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1ß, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with gingivitis using P. gingivalis bacteria. The observed groups included rats treated with a single application of brazilin cream and rats treated with two applications of brazilin cream. The treatment was administered for 15 days. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, anatomical wound observations and wound histology using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's Trichrome staining were performed. NF-κB protein expression was analyzed using the IHC method. Gingival inflammation gene expression of NF-κB, IL-1ß, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α was measured using q-RTPCR. Results: Single and double applications of brazilin cream increased angiogenesis and decreased NF-κB protein expression, in addition to the IL-1ß, IL-6, p38, and TNF-α gene expressions. Conclusion: In a rat gingivitis model, Brazilin cream may function as an anti-inflammatory agent in the gingival tissue.
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Benzopiranos , Caesalpinia , Gingivitis , FN-kappa B , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Caesalpinia/química , Masculino , Ratas , Benzopiranos/farmacología , Benzopiranos/administración & dosificación , Benzopiranos/uso terapéutico , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Gingivitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Gingivitis/patología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance which will lead to complications of other diseases such as dyslipidemia, which also affects the health of the liver and kidneys. Butterfly pea flower (Clitorea ternatea L.) has phenolic and flavonoid compounds which have the potential as herbal medicines for antidiabetics. Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE) as an antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, and renoprotection. Methods: In vivo test was performed on Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide and High Fat Diet-Propylthiouracil as models of DM and dyslipidemia, and BPE was administered orally (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver albumin levels, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid (UA), were measured by ELISA and colorimetry methods. Results: Treatment of BPE 800 mg/kg BW increased levels of GSH-Px, GST, albumin, and serum protein. BPE decreased TNF-α, NF-kB, and ALP. BPE also decreased BUN, serum CR, and serum UA. Conclusion: BPE has the potential to be used as a drug alternative for the treatment of DM and dyslipidemia as well as a hepatoprotective and renoprotective agent.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Dislipidemias , Hipoglucemiantes , Hipolipemiantes , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/veterinaria , Masculino , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Flores/químicaRESUMEN
This study explores the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potential of Butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) (CTE) in diabetic and dyslipidemia rat models. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by high levels of blood glucose, which can cause dyslipidemia and liver damage as a result of oxidative stress. CTE, a natural substance, is recognized for its positive attributes, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, antibiotic, and liver tissue protection capabilities. Dyslipidemia was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) and propylthiouracil (PTU) for 28 days. DM was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). Rats were treated with varying doses of CTE for 28 days, along with glibenclamide and simvastatin. The research showed that CTE raised the levels of SOD, CAT, and liver proteins while lowering the levels of MDA, LDH, ACP, AST, ALT, IL-1ß, and CRP in rats with DM and dyslipidemia. This suggests that CTE might be useful for treating DM.
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Objectives: Skin aging is a degenerative process that can be induced by UV irradiation. UV radiation can produce reactive oxidate stress which causes premature aging. This study aims to examine the antiaging potential of secretome gel (SC) from human Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) in a UVB-induced mice model. Materials and Methods: The secretome was obtained from hWJ-MSCs and made in gel form. Male mice were radiated by UVB for 15 min twice daily for 14 days. The gel was topically applied to the mice's dorsal skin. Two treatments of secretome gel: secretome 1 is applied once and secretome 2 is applied twice daily after UVB radiation. TGF-ß1, IL-10, and IL-18 gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Hematoxylin Eosin staining was used to observe the inflammation and collagen density of skin tissue. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyze the protein expression of P53, COL4A1, MMP-2, and MMP-13. The data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey post hoc test (P<0.05). Results: UVB induction caused loss of collagen, increasing inflammation and high expression of aging mediators. SC increased the gene expression of TGF-ß1 and IL-10 and decreased IL-18 gene expression. Histopathological tests showed that SG increased collagen density, lowered inflammation, and repaired cell damage in skin tissue. Immunohistochemistry test showed that SC decreased MMP-2, MMP-13, and P53 expression, in contrast, increased COL4A1. Conclusion: The secretome gel of hWJ-MSCs showed antiaging activities with potential for preventing and curing skin aging.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of lung failure caused by fluids and hypoxemia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to decrease levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells. These cells have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-microbial activity, and protect against lung injury. Objective: This research evaluated the potential of human Wharton's jelly MSCs (hWJMSCs) to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat lung cells (L2). Methods: hWJMSC treatment in LPS-induced rat lung cells was performed with 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:25 ratios of hWJMSCs to L2 cells. The gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9 (CXCL-9) was quantified with RT-PCR, and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured with ELISA. Results: hWJMSCs increased ACE-2 gene expression, and decreased CXCL-9, NFκB, and RAGE gene expression. The treatment also suppressed CRP, TNF-α, and IL-12 levels, and increased the percentage of live cells, but decreased the percentages of necrotic cells and apoptotic cells in inflammatory rat lung cells, which served as an ARDS cell model. Conclusion: Co-culture of hWJMSCs and L2 cells mitigated inflammation through increasing ACE-2 gene expression, and decreasing CXCL-9, NFκB, and RAGE gene expression; decreasing TNF-α and CRP protein levels; and decreasing necrosis, and early and late apoptosis. A co-culture ratio of 1:1 was most effective.
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Background and purpose: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney failure, which may lead to fatality. Mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation, stress oxidative, and fibrosis are involved in DN progression. Yacon leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob.) contains large amounts of phenolic compounds and it has the ability to inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Considering the potential of yacon leaves extract (YLE), it may be used for DN treatment. This research aimed to elucidate YLE's potential as anti-DN through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrosis mechanisms. Experimental approach: Mesangial cells were induced by glucose 20 mM for 5 days and treated with YLE concentrations as much as 5, 10, and 50 µg/mL. TGF-ß1, TNF-α, and MDA levels were measured using the ELISA method. SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and SMAD7 gene expressions were analyzed using the qRT-PCR method. Findings/Results: YLE at 5, 10, and 50 µg/mL could reduce the levels of TGF-ß1, TNF-α, and MDA compared with the DN cells model. YLE could reduce gene expressions of SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 and increase SMAD7 expression. Conclusion and implications: YLE potentially mitigated diabetic nephropathy through antifibrosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant capacities.
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Coronavirus disease is caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) known as COVID-19. COVID-19 has caused the deaths of 6,541,936 people worldwide as of September 27th, 2022. SARS-CoV-2 severity is determined by a cytokine storm condition, in which the innate immune system creates an unregulated and excessive production of pro-inflammatory such IL-1, IL-6, NF Kappa B, and TNF alpha signaling molecules known as cytokines. The patient died due to respiratory organ failure and an acute complication because of the hyper-inflammation phenomenon. Green tea, soybean, and guava bioactive substances are well-known to act as anti-inflammation, and antioxidants become prospective COVID-19 illness candidates to overcome the cytokine storm. Our research aims to discover the bioactivity, bioavailability, and protein targets of green tea, soybean, and guava bioactive compounds as anti-inflammatory agents via the TNF inhibition pathway. The experiment uses in silico methods and harnesses the accessible datasets. Samples of 3D structure and SMILE identity of bioactive compounds were retrieved from the KNApSAck and Dr Duke databases. The QSAR analysis was done by WAY2DRUG web server, while the ADME prediction was performed using SWISSADME web server, following the Lipinsky rules of drugs. The target protein and protein-protein interaction were analyzed using STRING DB and Cytoscape software. Lastly, molecular docking was performed using Autodock 4.2 and visualization with BioVia Discovery Studio 2019. The identified study showed the potential of green tea, soybean, and guava's bioactive compounds have played an important role as anti-inflammation agents through TNF inhibitor pathway.
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COVID-19 , Psidium , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Glycine max , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/tratamiento farmacológico , Té , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Background and Aim: Stem cells are cells that can proliferate to form a new tissue, leading to its use in regenerative therapy. Stem cells will secrete biological factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and other proteins to their surroundings and culture medium/conditioned medium (CM), altering tissue physiology. These factors can help wound healing, but their effect on third-degree burns is poorly understood. This research aimed to study the activity of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium gel in healing and repairing third-degree burns on rats skin. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats with burn wounds on the dorsal area were divided into four groups; the first group was treated with CM gel, with a concentration equivalent to 0.05% protein, the second group was treated with a placebo gel, the third group with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream (SSD-Burnazin contain 10 mg/g SSD), and the fourth group was not given any treatment, for 21 days, and on the final day, the rats were sacrificed, and the skins were taken. All topical treatments completely cover the wound area. Results: Wound healing process indicators observed include wound diameter, scabs' formation, blister formation, and hair growth every day. The skins taken were processed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The indicators studied include neutrophil infiltration, mononuclear cell infiltration, neovascularization, collagen area, and re-epithelization ratio. Conclusion: CM shows better wound healing than other groups and faster hair growth.
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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) happens due to decreasing kidney function. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to result in the progression of CKD. Quercetin is widely known to have various bioactivities including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective: To evaluate the activity of quercetin to inhibit inflammation, stress oxidative, and fibrosis on CKD cells model (mouse mesangial cells induced by glucose). Methods and Material: The SV40 MES 13 cells were plated in a 6-well plate with cell density at 5,000 cells/well. The medium had been substituted for 3 days with a glucose-induced medium with a concentration of 20 mM. Quercetin was added with 50, 10, and 5 µg/mL concentrations. The negative control was the untreated cell. The levels of TGF-ß1, TNF-α, and MDA were determined using ELISA KIT. The gene expressions of the SMAD7, SMAD3, SMAD2, and SMAD4 were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: Glucose can lead to an increase in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TGF-ß1, MDA as well as the expressions of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and a decrease in SMAD7. Quercetin caused the reduction of TNF-α, TGF-ß1, MDA as well as the expression of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and increased SMAD7. Conclusion: Quercetin has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antifibrosis activity in the CKD cells model. Thus, quercetin is a promising substance for CKD therapy and further research is needed to prove this in CKD animal model.
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Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Ratones , Animales , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Células Mesangiales/metabolismo , Quercetina/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the body's first response to an illness that causes irritation or infection. Inflammation is tightly correlated with aging, which is a progressive degenerative process. Conditioned medium (CM) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-ATMSCs) has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and dermal fibroblast migration, as well as reduce wrinkles and improve wound healing. This study aimed to observe the production of inflammatory modulators - interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) - in CM-ATMSCs treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at passages 3 (P3), 7, 11, and 15. MATERIAL AND METHODS ATMSCs P3 were obtained from liposuction of female donors, and the CM from ATMSCs was collected. Measurement of these cytokines was performed with ELISA. RESULTS At many passages, IL-6, a proinflammatory modulator, was discovered to be the most powerful modulator among FFP- and non-FFP-treated cells. However, CM-ATMSCs treated with FFP and in the late passage have significant differences (P<0.05) compared to non-FFP treatments and in other passages in their effects on secretion of inflammatory modulators. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CM-ATMSC has the potential to secrete proinflammatory modulators.
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Mediadores de Inflamación , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Tejido Adiposo , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , PlasmaRESUMEN
Background and aim: Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (Cisplatin) is one of the most synthetic anticancer drug but have several adverse effects and one of them is acute ren failure. Cisplatin can induce nephrotoxicity occur via the toxic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has been reported contain high levels of phenolics and anthocyanins that has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of black soybean (EEBS) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Experimental procedure: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rats treated with EEBS and the blood samples taken on days 0, 9, and 18. The effects of EEBS was evaluated by determining Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Caspase-3 (Casp-3), and Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Uric Acid (UA) content and catalase (CAT) content in the blood plasma with colorimetric assay kit. Results and conclusion: Based on the results, EEBS treatment had successfully reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IFN-γ, and improved physiological condition by lowering BUN and UA content while increasing CAT activity. No significant effect was found in Casp-3 expression. EEBS has potential to improve acute renal failure condition through inflammatory suppression and renal function improvement.
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BACKGROUND: Skin aging is the most common dermatological problem caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factor, such as exposure to (ultraviolet) UV rays. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound which is known for its antioxidant properties against oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the antiaging and anti-inflammatory properties of CA on UV-induced skin fibroblast cells. METHODS: Anti-inflammatory properties of CA were assessed by measuring inflammatory-related proteins IL-1ß and TNF-α, while antiaging properties of CA were assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, live and necrotic cells, and COL-3 gene expression level. RESULTS: Treating UV-induced skin fibroblast cells with CA decreased the level of ROS, IL-1ß, TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and increased live cells and COL-3 gene expression. CONCLUSION: CA has the potential as the protective compound against inflammation and aging by decreasing the level ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and by increasing live cells and COL-3 gene expression.
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Objectives: Inflammation is thought to be the common pathophysiological basis for several disorders. Corilagin is one of the major active compounds which showed broad-spectrum biological and therapeutic activities, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of corilagin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Materials and Methods: Anti-oxidant activities were examined by free radical scavenging of H2O2, NO, and *OH. The safe concentrations of corilagin on RAW264.7 were determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on RAW264.7 cell lines. The inflammation cells model was induced with LPS. The anti-inflammatory activities measured IL-6, TNF-α, NO, IL-1ß, PGE-2, iNOS, and COX-2 levels using ELISA assay. Results: The results showed that corilagin had a significant inhibition activity dose-dependently in scavenging activities toward H2O2, *OH, and NO with IC50 values 76.85 µg/ml, 26.68 µg/ml, and 66.64 µg/ml, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of corilagin also showed a significant decrease toward IL-6, TNF-α, NO, IL-1ß, PGE-2, iNOS, and COX-2 levels at the highest concentration (75 µM) compared with others concentration (50 and 25 µM) with the highest inhibition activities being 48.09%, 42.37%, 65.69%, 26.47%, 46.88%, 56.22%, 59.99%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Corilagin has potential as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell lines by its ability to scavenge free radical NO, *OH, and H2O2 and also suppress the production of proinflammatory mediators including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell lines.
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Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic, but it may cause liver injury (hepatotoxicity) via oxidative stress that induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) in long term usage or overdose. Multiple inflammatory mediators were also found to contribute for this effect. Many medicinal plants was known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and one of them is Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) from Indonesia. In this study, the red betel leaves extract (RBLE) protective effect against APAP-induced HepG2 cells was determined. APAP-induced HepG2 as hepatotoxicity cell model was treated with RBLE at 25 and 100 µg/mL. Protective effects of RBLE toward hepatotoxicity were evaluated by several parameters: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, live cells percentage, apoptotic cells percentage, necrotic cells percentage, death cells percentage, CYP2E1 and GPX gene expression. The RBLE treatments (both 25 and 100 µg/mL) increased CYP2E1 and GPX gene expression also live cells percentage, while decreased ROS level, TNF-α concentration, also the percentage of death and necrotic cells. Red Betel leaves ethanol extract has hepatoprotective effect via anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, and antioxidant potency in liver injury model.
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Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the most explored cells for cell therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) that can be obtained from various sources. Synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSCs) provide best potential for OA therapy, however they are not widely explored. Conditioned medium of SMMSCs (SMMSCs-CM) rich in growth factors and cytokines can inhibit apoptosis and increase chondrocytes cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to determine growth factors content in SMMSCs-CM as well as the chondrogenic and chondroprotective markers expression in OA model after insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1-induced and non-induced SMMSCs-CM treatments. Chondrocyte cell line (CHON002) was induced by IL1ß as OA model (CHON002 with IL1ß (IL1ß-CHON002)) and treated with SMMSCs-CM with or without IGF1 induction to determine its effectiveness in repairing OA cells model. ELISA was used to assay BMP2, fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) and transforming growth factor (TGF) ß1 (TGFß1) levels in SMMSCs-CM, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (MMP13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4 (ADAMTS4) levels in OA cells model treated with SMMSCs-CM. RT-qPCR analyses were used to investigate the gene expression of SOX9, COL2, and COL10. CM from SMMSCs cultured and induced by IGF1 150 ng/mL was the most effective concentration for increasing the content of growth factor markers of SMMSCs-CM, which had successfully increased negative cartilage hypertrophy markers (SOX9 and COL2) and reduced hypertrophy markers (COL10, MMP13, and ADAMTS4). Preconditioning with IGF1 has better and very significant results in lowering MMP13 and ADAMTS4 levels. The present study supports IGF1 pre-conditioned SMMSCs-CM to develop a new therapeutic approach in OA improvement through its chondrogenic and chondroprotective roles.