RESUMEN
The knowledge of most oncologic emergencies is crucial in daily practice. Treatment options for the superior vena cava syndrome include chemotherapy, radiation, and intravenous stenting. Hypercalcemia due to malignancy is treated with aggressive rehydration and intravenous bisphosphonates. Febrile neutropenia is a hematologic emergency that usually requires inpatient therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Epidural spinal cord compression must be recognized early and can be treated with dexamethason, radiation, or surgery.
Asunto(s)
Urgencias Médicas , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fiebre de Origen Desconocido/etiología , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/etiología , Síndrome de la Vena Cava Superior/etiologíaRESUMEN
Lung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in developed countries and throughout the world. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer and ex-smokers today comprise approximately 50% of all new lung cancer cases. Chemoprevention builds on the concepts of field of cancerization and multistep carcinogenesis and can be defined as the use of natural or chemical compounds to prevent, inhibit or reverse the process of carcinogenesis. So far, chemoprevention studies in lung cancer have failed to reduce lung cancer mortality. New developments in biotechnology have made it possible to define more accurately high-risk populations, make earlier diagnosis possible, and allow more specific targeted therapies to be developed. Both the development and validation of biomarkers, for the selection of high-risk study populations and for response evaluation in chemoprevention studies, are important for the faster turnover of studies evaluating new agents. This article reviews the current status and describes the perspectives for new approaches in the chemoprevention of lung cancer.