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Aim To predict the mechanism of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules (FCYC) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by network pharmacology method, and further validate it in combination with cellular experiments. Methods TCMSP, Gene-Cards, OMIM and TTD databases, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related literature were used to screen the active ingredients of FCYC and the targets of MCI treatment. The TCM-compound-target-disease network and PPI of intersection targets were constructed, and the GO and KEGG analysis were performed by the Ehamb bioinformation platform. GO and KEGG analysis were performed through Yihanbo biological information platform. Cell model of MCI was established by PC-12 injury induced by Aβ
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Chronic cough is caused by low levels of heat, mechanical or chemical exposure, which is characterized by the disorders of channels and receptors in neuroregulation such as the peripheral and central nerves. Potential regulatory targets of peripheral nerves include P2X3 receptors and transient receptor potential channels, while potential regulatory targets of central nerves include voltage-gated sodium channels, neurokinin-1 receptors, α-7acetylcholine receptors and gamma aminobutyric acid receptors. This paper focuses on the principle and clinical research evidence of several ongoing targeted therapy strategies, in order to provide new ideas for the development of drugs for the treatment of chronic cough.
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With the population aging, the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients continue to rise. At present, the treatment methods for tumors include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, most chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, as an alternative therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of tumor patients, improve the quality of life, inhibit or stabilize the development of tumors, and prolong the survival period of patients. Due to the good safety of Chinese medicine, its potential anti-cancer activity has attracted increasing attention. Ganoderma lucidum, a treasure of Chinese medicinal material, is a medicinal fungus with a history of more than 2 000 years in China. So far, many studies have proposed the anti-cancer properties of G. lucidum. G. lucidum has extensive pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-aging. It can also regulate immunity, protect the liver and the heart, and reduce blood glucose and lipid. The chemical composition of G. lucidum is complex. At present, it is proved to contain polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, amino acids, and various trace elements. The anti-tumor mechanisms of polysaccharides and triterpenoids in G. lucidum are mainly achieved by apoptosis induction, immune regulation, anti-angiogenesis, and induction of cell cycle arrest. Currently, it has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of complex tumors such as lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. The present study reviewed the bioactivities and mechanisms of triterpenoids and polysaccharides in G. lucidum in recent years and highlighted the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms to provide references for the further development and utilization of G. lucidum.
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy, one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, is characterized by cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction at the early stage, which can later develop into heart failure. Due to the high incidence and mortality, it has been a hot topic in recent years. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complicated. It has been proved related to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiac insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal calcium homeostasis, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy, and so on. The specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Currently, the diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly tackled with both western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Traditional western medicine has no specific remedy for diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the resulting side effect cannot be neglected. In order to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects, researchers have tried some potential medical treatments, such as vaspin, melatonin, Coenzyme Q10, and non-coding RNA, which still need further clinical trials. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is not recorded in ancient TCM books. According to the symptoms and signs, modern physicians often consider it as a "consumptive disease", whose main therapeutic principles lie in benefiting Qi, tonifying Yin, activating blood, and removing stasis. The individual Chinese herbs such as Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chinese herbal compounds like Huotan Jiedu Tongluoyin are effective in protecting the heart. But there are few studies exploring the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of TCM. With the continuous emergence of new drugs, the integration of TCM with western medicine may be a more promising treatment in the future. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is unclear, and there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment. This paper reviewed the latest findings in pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy, in order to provide reference for further research.
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Since the implementation of drug registration in China, the classification of Chinese medicine has greatly met the needs of public health and effectively guided the transformation, inheritance, and innovation of research achievements on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). In the past 30 years, the development of new Chinese medicine has followed the registration transformation model of " one prescription for single drug". This model refers to the R&D and registration system of modern drugs, and approximates to the " law-abiding" medication method in TCM clinic, while it rarely reflects the sequential therapy of syndrome differentiation and comprehensive treatment with multiple measures. In 2017, Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Drugs and Medical Devices released by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to " establish and improve the registration and technical evaluation system in line with the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and handle the relationship between the traditional advantages of Chinese medicine and the requirements of modern drug research". Therefore, based on the development law and characteristics of TCM, clinical thinking should be highlighted in the current technical requirements and registration system of research and development of Chinese medicine. Based on the current situation of registration supervision of Chinese medicine and the modern drug research in China, the present study analyzed limitations and deficiency of " one prescription for single drug" in the research and development of Chinese medicine. Additionally, a new type of " series prescriptions" was proposed, which was consistent with clinical thinking and clinical reality. This study is expected to contribute to the independent innovation and high-quality development of the TCM industry.
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China , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional China , Prescripciones , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. At present, the pathogenesis of DR is obscure and drugs can not meet clinical needs, however. Experimental animal model of DR is an effective tool to study its pathogenic mechanism and evaluate drug efficacy. In this paper, the research progress of experimental animal models of DR has been-reviewed in recent years, mainly using mice, zebrafish, and other experimental animals, which can be divided into two categories: induced type and genotype, according to the inducer.
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Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with dual use of medicine and food in China. Its chemical components mainly include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, alkaloids, amino acids and so forth. The triterpenoids mainly include ganoderma acid and ganoderma alcohol. This paper has summarized the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, liver and kidney protection, immune regulation, blood lipid and blood glucose lowering, and antimicrobial activities in recent years, in order to provide reference basis for the core efficacy e-valuation of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum. It also provides scientific evidence for the application of Ganoderma lucidum in health food and clinical medicine.
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Scutellarin is a flavonoid extracted from breviscapus, a traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies have shown that scutellarin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, improving cardiac and cerebral ischemia. In recent years, with the deepening of research on scutellarin, it was found that it could inhibit the tumor through multi-target and multi-pathway, and the anti-human colorectal cancer was related to the regulation of p53 pathway, Hedgelog pathway and erythropoietin generates liver cancer interactivator B2(EphrinB2).The anti-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to protein kinaseB1 /protein kinaseB2( Akt1/Akt2).Anti-renal carcinoma and melanoma are associated with phosphatase and tension protein homologues(PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway. Anti-lung cancer is related to Akt/mTOR/4E binding protein1(4EBP1) and signal transduction and transcriptional activator(STAT3 )signaling pathway. Anti-cervical cancer is related to pyruvate kinase 2(PKM2).Anti-breast cancer is associated with Hippo/YAP pathway. At the same time, scutellarin was found to prevent diabetic microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, but the mechanism of action was not well studied. A review of the literature found that scutellarin anti-tumor, atherosclerosis, diabetic microangiopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis mechanism of action lack of detailed summary. In this paper, the research progress of pharmacological action and mechanism of scutellarin in recent 5 years is reviewed, and Suggestions on its current research status and future direction are put forward, in order to speed up the discovery of pharmacological mechanism of scutellarin and provide scientific basis for its further development and utilization.
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Erigeron breviscapus, a species within the genus of Erigeron, is mainly distributed in Southwest China. It is cold in property, slightly bitter in taste, and has the effect of dispersing cold table, removing wind and dehumidification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving pain and inflammation. Breviscapine is the extract of E. breviscapus. It is mainly consisted of flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, phytosterols, etc. As the major components of breviscapine, the content of breviscapine b (4′-hydroxybaicalin-7-O-glucuronide) and breviscapine a (apigenin-7-O-glucuronide) is greater than 90%. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that breviscapine has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-platelet aggregation, lowering blood lipid, increasing blood flow, improving microcirculation, preventing and treating tumors, and resisting brain injury. In clinical, breviscapine has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes, cerebral insufficiency, sequelae caused by cerebral hemorrhage, hypermucolipemia, cerebral thrombosis, kidney disease, liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, and some other complex diseases. Specially, in the treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic foot, diabetic retinopathy, breviscapine has showed significant efficacy. In addition, studies have demonstrated that the combined application of breviscapine, mecobalamine, and micopol can improve the therapeutic effect. In this work, the application of breviscapine in the treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and its related combination drugs were reviewed, by which we attempted to provide some valuable clues for the clinical application of breviscapine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications.
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Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) has become a primary cause of end-stage kidney disease, without any effective treatment available. In this study, we assessed the protective effect of Guanxin Danshen Formulation(GXDSF) on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. The db/m and db/db mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, metformin group, and GXDSF group. After 8 weeks' treatment with GXDSF, metformin or normal saline, the mice were sacrificed, and the blood and kidney tissues were collected for the further analysis. Compared with the model group, TG, TCH and LDL levels significantly decreased in the GXDSF group. The results from HE and PAS staining showed that db/db mice exhibited abnormal kidney tissues with increased glomerular volume, basement-membrane thickening and mesangial cell proliferation, which could be significantly alleviated by GXDSF treatment. GXDSF treatment also reduced serum creatinine and BUN. Meanwhile, GXDSF treatment markedly elevated GSH-PX levels, while reduced LDH and MDA levels in the kidney tissues. Western blot assay showed that GXDSF evidently up-regulated protein levels of ERα and p-Akt, and subsequently promoted HO-1 expression mediated by Nrf2. These data collectively indicated that GXDSF protects db/db mice against DN by regulating ERα and Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression.
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Animales , Ratones , Creatinina , Diabetes Mellitus , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Riñón , Glomérulos Renales , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Salvia miltiorrhizaRESUMEN
Objective::To investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B on HepaRG hepatocyte injury induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3 ) and its mechanism. Method::HepaRG cells were incubated with 5μmol·L-1 As2O3 for 24 h to induce hepatocyte injury. The cells were divided into control group, model group, salvianolic acid B 10 μmol·L-1 group, salvianolic acid B 10 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group, salvianolic acid B 5 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group, and salvianolic acid B 2.5 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group. HepaRG cells were preincubated with salvianolic acid B for 2 h and then incubated with As2O3 for 24 h. At the end of the incubation, cell viability was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay, apoptosis was observed by Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining, apoptosis rate was detected by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane was observed by JC-1 fluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect the protective effect of expressions of relevant proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, p-Akt on salvianolic acid B in the liver. Result::As2O3 concentration-dependently reduced the survival rate of HepaRG cells(P<0.01), salvianolic acid B had no effect on normal cell viability for 2 h, pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B(5, 10 μmol·L-1) for 2 h significantly increased the decreased cell survival rate caused by As2O3 (P<0.01). As2O3 significantly increased hepatocytes apoptosis rate(P<0.01), while pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B(10 μmol·L-1) deceased apoptosis rate(P<0.01). Incubation with As2O3 for 24 h caused decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that the anti-apoptotic effect of salvianolic acid B were related to the mitochondrial pathway modulation. Western blot analysis showed that salvianolic acid B promoted the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and promoted p-Akt/Akt compared with As2O3 group(P<0.01). Conclusion::Salvianolic acid B has a protective effect on hepatocyte injury induced by As2O3, and its mechanism is related to maintenance of mitochondrial function and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.
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<b>Objective::To study the protective effect and mechanism of Qidong Yixin oral liquid on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in mice. <b>Method::Ninety male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model(DOX) group, DOX+ Qidong Yixin oral liquid group (9.55, 23.88, 47.75 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and high dose group (47.75 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) with 15 mice in each group. The normal group and model group were given pure water by gavage, and each dose group of Qidong Yixin oral liquid was given different doses of Qidong Yixin oral liquid once a day for 21 days. On the seventh day, normal saline was injected into the abdominal cavity of the normal group and the high dose group of Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Doxorubicin was injected into the abdominal cavity of the other groups (15 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). After 21 days, the weight and heart weight of mice were weighed and cardiac index was calculated. Serum was taken for the detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Heart was taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) in myocardial tissue were detected. The expression of nuclear factor NF-E2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by Western blot. <b>Result::Compared with normal group, adriamycin could significantly reduce the body weight of mice (<italic>P</italic><0.01), increase the activities of LDH, CK and AST in serum(<italic>P</italic><0.01), and decrease the activities of antioxidant enzymes (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with DOX group, high dose Qidong Yixin oral liquid could significantly increase the weight of mice (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), decrease the level of myocardial three enzymes(<italic>P</italic><0.01), increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes(<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), and increase the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1(<italic>P</italic><0.01). <b>Conclusion::Qidong Yixin oral liquid has a good protective effect on doxorubicin myocardial toxicity. Its mechanism may be related to activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and alleviating oxidative stress injury.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of the adjuvant treatment with moxibustion on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#A total of 95 patients with COVID-19 were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (45 cases) and a basic treatment group (50 cases). The routine treatment of western medicine was applied in the patients of both groups. In the moxibustion group, on the base of the treatment of western medicine, moxibustion was applied to Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Qihai (CV 6) and Zusanli (ST 36), once daily and consecutively for 14 days. At the end of treatment courses, clinical symptom scores for cough, asthmatic breathing, chest oppression and short breath, as well as their remission rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Before and after treatment, the white blood cell (WBC) count, the levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the absolute number of T lymphocyte subsets, i.e. , and of the peripheral blood were compared in the patients between the two groups. The principal component analysis was adopted to analyze the common data extracted from the above 10 clinical indexes variables and comprehensively evaluate the differences in the therapeutic effect of two regimens.@*RESULTS@#The clinical symptom scores were all decreased after treatment in both of the moxibustion group and the basic treatment group as compared with those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of the routine treatment with western medicine, moxibustion therapy supplemented relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the levels of inflammatory indexes, i.e. IL-6 and CRP as well as improves the absolute number of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets. The clinical therapeutic effect of such regimen with moxibustion supplemented is significantly better than the simple routine treatment of western medicine.
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Humanos , Puntos de Acupuntura , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , COVID-19/terapia , Inflamación/terapia , Interleucina-6/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Moxibustión , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/citologíaRESUMEN
Objective:To study nitrogenous chemical constituents from the seeds of Brassica campestris. Method:The aerial parts of nonfat seeds were extracted with 75% ethanol heat refluxing method,then suspended in H2O and separated with ligarine and ethyl acetate to obtain respective fractions.Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods and identified by physicochemical characters and spectroscopic analysis or comparison with standard compounds. Result:Thirteen nitrogenous chemical compounds were isolated and identified as coixspirolactam C (1),indole-3-acetonitrile (2),2-β-D-glucopyranosylsulfanyl-1H-indole-3-acetonitrile (3),nicotinic acid (4),adenosine (5), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (6),4-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (7),6-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (8),ethyl 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylate (9),5-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinazolinone (10),4-hydroxy-2-quinazolinone (11),5-hydroxy-quinazoline-2(1H),4(3H)-dione (12),5-allyloxazolidin-2-one (13). Conclusion:All of the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1,3 and 13 were isolated from Brassica for the first time.
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This study aims to establish a combinative method based on fingerprint,assay of multi-component and chemometrics for quality evaluation of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Twenty batches of samples were determined by UPLC and a common mode of fingerprint was established. The similarities between fingerprints of 20 batches of samples were over 0. 90 and the common mode were evaluated. Eight components were identified as syringing, magnocurarine, magnoflorine, magnoloside B, magnoloside A, honokiol,magnolol,and piperitylmagnolol by comparison with reference substances and their content in samples were simultaneously determined.Based on the results,the fingerprint had good consistency between the same origin and minor diversity between the different sources.Piperitylmagnolol and peak 13 could be used as a distinction with the different sources. According to content of 8 components,Fisher discriminant analysis model was established and different source sample was classified pursuant to the discriminant fraction. It is indicated that simultaneous quantification of multi components coupled with chemometrics analysis could be a well-acceptable strategy to identify and evaluate the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Análisis Discriminante , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Estándares de Referencia , Magnolia , Química , Fitoquímicos , Estándares de Referencia , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
To investigate the effect of scutellarin (Scu) on diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg∙kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) into a high-fat diet. Scu was injected intraperitoneally. After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Masson staining was performed on myocardial tissue. The expression levels of Nrf2, NFκB, AKT and p-AKT in myocardium of mice were observed by Western blot. All the procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that Scu significantly decreased the heart-body ratio, increased myocardial contractile function, decreased the level of myocardial fibrosis and the expression of collagen I and collagen III in myocardium of diabetic mice. Scu can effectively reduce the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of diabetic mice, increase the level of antioxidant enzymes in serum, and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors. Further studies showed that Scu significantly increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, inhibited NFκB nuclear translocation and increased AKT phosphorylation. It indicates that Scu has significant effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice.
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the preventive effects of Keluoxin Capsules(KLX) on diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice. One hundred male db/db diabetic mice(45-55 g, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into 5 groups(model, KLX low dose, KLX middle dose, KLX high dose, Dobesilate) and 20 male C57 BL/KsJdb~(+/+) were taken as control group. Body weight and fasting blood-glucose were detected every week. Mice were administrated with saline(control and model group), KLX(780, 1 560, 3 120 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), ig), Dobesilate(195 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), ig) for 20 weeks, respectively. At the end of the administration, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography and electroretinogram of the retina were measured. The eyeball was extirpated and retina was isolated to make paraffin section, followed by HE staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that KLX has no obvious effect on body weight and fasting blood level in db/db mice. However, KLX could significantly regulate the thickness of retinal ganglion layer and inner plexiform layer. KLX was able to remarkably reduce the quantity of diabetic microvessel. Meanwhile, KLX could notably improve retinal function. Moreover, KLX could observably modulate the cell arrangement and edema in each layer. There was no markable difference in retina according to the immunochemistry assay. In the present study, KLX exert marked preventive effects on diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice, which provided an experimental evidence for clinical use.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Cápsulas , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Retinopatía Diabética , Quimioterapia , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Hipoglucemiantes , Farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , RetinaRESUMEN
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory disease, is the most common one among cardiovascular system disorders. Inflammation is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, which participates in the entire process of atherosclerosis. NF-κB can target to most inflammatory factors, and excessive NF-κB activation aggravates atherosclerosis development. Previous stud- ies have shown that the zinc finger protein A20 plays a key role in the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic response. Research advances on A20 in protection of atherosclerosis are thus summa-rized in this review.
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Aim To probe into the bavachinin toxic mechanisms in HepaRG cells. Methods MTT assay was used to determine toxicity and dose. After treated with 6.25,12.5 and 25 μmol·L-1bavachinin for 24 h,the cell death was investigated by Hoechst 33342/PI,LDH,caspase-3 activity,and Bax,Bcl-2 expression levels. Mitochondrial damage was detected by mito-chondrial membrane potential,ATP content,openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cyto-chrome C level. Results Bavachinin administration up-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity with increase of drug concentration after 24 h. Apop-totic rate increased in a dose-dependent manner be-tween 6.25 and 25 μmol·L-1,but when reached to 25 μmol·L-1,cells showed more necrosis. Mitochon-drial injury indicators significantly increased after 24h. Conclusion Bavachinin induces HepaRG cell apopto-sis and necrosis through mitochondria injury.