Associative gene networks reveal novel candidates important for ADHD and dyslexia comorbidity.

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with developmental dyslexia (DD), which are both prevalent and complicated pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders that have a significant influence on children's learning and development. Clinically, the comorbidity incidence of DD and ADHD is between 25 and 48%. Children with DD and ADHD may have more severe cognitive deficiencies, a poorer level of schooling, and a higher risk of social and emotional management disorders. Furthermore, patients with this comorbidity are frequently treated for a single condition in clinical settings, and the therapeutic outcome is poor. The development of effective treatment approaches against these diseases is complicated by their comorbidity features. This is often a major problem in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed bioinformatical methodology for the analysis of the comorbidity of these two diseases. As such, the search for candidate genes related to the comorbid conditions of ADHD and DD can help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition, and can also be useful for genotyping and identifying new drug targets. RESULTS: Using the ANDSystem tool, the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with ADHD and dyslexia was carried out. The gene network of ADHD included 599 genes/proteins and 148,978 interactions, while that of dyslexia included 167 genes/proteins and 27,083 interactions. When the ANDSystem and GeneCards data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. An approach for ranking genes implicated in the comorbid condition of the two diseases was proposed. The approach is based on ten criteria for ranking genes by their importance, including relevance scores of association between disease and genes, standard methods of gene prioritization, as well as original criteria that take into account the characteristics of an associative gene network and the presence of known polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Among the top 20 genes with the highest priority DRD2, DRD4, CNTNAP2 and GRIN2B are mentioned in the literature as directly linked with the comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia. According to the proposed approach, the genes OPRM1, CHRNA4 and SNCA had the highest priority in the development of comorbidity of these two diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. CONCLUSIONS: The application of methods of reconstruction and analysis of gene networks is a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of comorbid conditions. The method put forth to rank genes by their importance for the comorbid condition of ADHD and dyslexia was employed to predict genes that play key roles in the development of the comorbid condition. The results can be utilized to plan experiments for the identification of novel candidate genes and search for novel pharmacological targets.

Isolation and identification of a distinct strain of Culex Flavivirus from mosquitoes collected in Mainland China.

BACKGROUND: Culexflavivirus (CxFV) is an insect specific virus that has been isolated from Culexpipiens, Culexquinquefasciatus, Culextritaeniorhynchus and other Culex mosquitoes. It is a novel flavivirus isolated in Asia, North America, Central America and Africa. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, based on the envelope gene (E gene) sequence, the worldwide CxFV strains can be divided into two genotypes. RESULT: A virus (SDDM06-11) was isolated from Culexpipiens collected in Shandong Province, China in 2006. The strain caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in Aedesalbopictus (C6/36) cells by 3 days post-infection and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed a reaction with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) polyclonal antibodies. Phylogenetic analysis of the E gene sequence showed CxFV formed two genotypes with the SDDM06-11 strain assigned to genotype 1. Analysis of the E gene nucleotide homology showed the virus possessed characteristic amino acids at specific sites. The nucleotide homology of the open reading frame (ORF) was 94.8%-95.1% between SDDM06-11 and isolates from Japan, Iowa and Texas, and 90.2%-90.5% between SDDM06-11 and isolates from Uganda and Mexico. CONCLUSION: In this paper we report the first isolation and identification of an isolate of CxFV in mainland China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the isolate belongs to genotype 1. Our findings provide insight into the occurrence of CxFV in Culex mosquito populations and its distribution on a global scale.

Etiological spectrum of clinically diagnosed Japanese encephalitis cases reported in Guizhou Province, China, in 2006.

The proportion of laboratory-confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) infections was compared to the number of JE cases reported on the basis of seasonality and the clinical symptoms of hospitalized patients in Guizhou Province, China, between April and November 2006. Of the 1,837 patients with reported JE, 1,382 patients in nine prefectures were investigated. JE was confirmed in 1,210 of 1,382 (87.6%) patients by a JEV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA), heminested reverse transcriptase PCR, and virus isolation. Two strains of JEV belonging to genotype 1 were isolated. Other viral pathogens responsible for encephalitis, including echovirus, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus, were identified in 67 of 172 (38.9%) JE-negative cases. On the basis of the distribution of the laboratory-confirmed JE cases from different hospitals according to the Chinese administrative division, which included hospitals at the provincial, city, county, and township levels, county hospitals detected the highest number of JE cases (81.8%), whereas township hospitals detected the smallest number of JE cases (1.4%). Provincial and city hospitals had the highest and lowest rates of accuracy of providing a clinical diagnosis of JE, as confirmed by laboratory testing (91.8% and 76.7%, respectively). This study demonstrates that laboratory confirmation improves the accuracy of diagnosis of JE and that an enhanced laboratory capacity is critical for JE surveillance as well as the identification of other pathogens that cause encephalitic syndromes with clinical symptoms similar to those caused by JEV infection.

Application of artificial intelligence in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo review the application of artificial intelligence in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data were searched for literature related to artificial intelligence applied in of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents from January, 2014 to January, 2024, and a scoping review was conducted. ResultsA total of ten papers were included, originating from the United States, China, Australia and France. These researches were primarily published in journals related to psychology, public health, clinical medicine, neuroscience and rehabilitation, involving six cross-sectional researches, three longitudinal researches and one interview, including 10 880 participants aged from three to 18 years. The types of data mainly included questionnaires/scales, interview data and brain imaging data. Features related to anxiety and depression were extracted from the data, and artificial intelligence were employed to develop models for the identification or prediction of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. ConclusionArtificial intelligence is potential for identifying or predicting anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

Effect of acute physical activity on cognitive function in children: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of physical activity on children's cognitive function based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe PICO framework was constructed. Trials on the effects of physical activity on children's cognition were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest and CNKI from inception to June 1st, 2023. The included literature was evaluated for methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsTen papers from six countries with a total of 550 subjects were involved, including both healthy children and children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. Physical activity involved running, cycling, high jumping, jumping rope and soccer, and the type of physical activity was acute aerobic exercise, ranging from twelve to 30 minutes, mostly at moderate intensity. Health outcomes were focused on cognitive aspects. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of physical activity on children's cognitive function has been constructed based on ICF. Acute physical activity shortens reaction time, improves various subcomponents of executive function, increases selective attention, and consolidates long-term memory.

Effect of neurofeedback training on cognitive function in the elderly: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of neurofeedback training on cognitive function in the elderly within the framework of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Randomized controlled trials on neurofeedback training for cognitive function in the elderly from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CNKI up to July, 2023 were systematically reviewed. Methodological quality assessment of the included literature was performed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. ResultsA total of 15 researches were included, from ten countries, involving 520 participants, who were healthy elderly individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment. Various neurofeedback waveforms were utilized, such as alpha, beta, theta, beta/alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves. Intervention duration ranged from 20 to 90 minutes, with intervention frequencies spanning from a long-term intervention of 30 sessions over 12 weeks to a high-frequency short-term intervention of eight sessions over one week. The primary health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including memory, attention, inhibitory control and executive function. ConclusionNeurofeedback training can improve the cognitive function of the eldery, and alleviate cognitive aging.

Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Analysis of influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children from 7 to 16 years old and the establishment and verification of Nomogram prediction model / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and construct a Nomogram prediction model.Methods:A total of 5 409 children aged 7 to 16 from 5 schools in Xinjiang were investigated by using SNAP-Ⅳ assessment scale and influencing factors questionnaire.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze and investigate the influencing factors of ADHD in children, and then Nomogram prediction model was established. Results:(1)The detection rate of ADHD was 7.3%.(2) The LASSO- Logistic regression model showed that the history of febrile convulsions ( OR=5.97, 95% CI: 3.52-9.86), the history of epilepsy disease ( OR=11.86, 95% CI: 7.83-17.89), the history of head trauma disease ( OR=10.0, 95% CI: 7.27-13.71), mother′s delivery method ( OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.99-3.23), mother′s education level ( OR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.45-3.67), mother′s smoking more than 1 year ( OR=12.65, 95% CI: 8.30-19.34), whether the family environment is quiet ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.63), and the education method of beating and scolding ( OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.13-4.31) was an indepen-dent risk factor for children with ADHD; (3)The Nomogram prediction model was built and verified by Bootstrap for 1 000 samples.The C-index was 0.81(95% CI: 0.78-0.83), suggesting that the Nomogram prediction model has good prediction ability, accuracy, and distinction.Decision curve analysis (DCA) of the clinical decision curve suggested that patients with Nomogram model with a predictive probability threshold greater than 0.2 had a higher clinical net benefit. Conclusions:The detection rate of ADHD was 7.3%, which was higher than the national average.The Nomogram prediction model drawn here can provide individualized ADHD risk predictions for children based on the history of hyperthermia, epilepsy, and head trauma, maternal mode of childbirth, maternal education level, maternal education level, maternal smoking for more than 1 year, quiet family environment, and scolding education methods.

Analysis of genetic variants in four children with congenital hyperinsulinemia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis of four children with congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI).@*METHODS@#The four children were subjected to high-throughput whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#WES analysis has identified 4 variants in the ABCC8 gene and 1 variant in GLUD1, including a ABCC8 c.382G>A variant in case 1, compound heterozygous c.698T>C and c.4213G>A variants of the ABCC8 gene concomitant with a de novo 14.9 Mb microduplication of chromosome 15 in case 2, and ABCC8 c.331G>A variant in case 3, and de novo c.955T>C variant of the GLUD1 gene in case 4. Of these, c.698T>C of the ABCC8 gene and c.955T>C of the GLUD1 gene were unreported previously. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, the c.382G>A(p.Glu128Lys), c.698T>C(p.Met233Thr) and c.4213G>A(p.Asp1405Asn) variants of ABCC8 gene and c.955T>C(p.Tyr319His) variant of GLUD1 gene were predicted to be likely pathogenic(PM1+PM2+PP3+PP4, PM1+PM2+PM5+PP3+PP4, PM1+PM2+PP3+PP4 and PS1+PM1+PM2+PP3), and the c.331G>A (p.Gly111Arg) variant of ABCC8 gene was predicted to be uncertain significance(PM1+PM2+PP4).@*CONCLUSION@#The variants of the ABCC8 and GLUD1 genes probably underlay the pathogenesis of CHI in the four patients. Above results have facilitated clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for the affected families.

A study on the association between vascular endothelial growth factor A polymorphisms and necrotizing enterocolitis / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Method From August 2014 to December 2016,preterm infants with a ≥ Ⅱ stage (Modified Bell staging criteria) of NEC admitted to our hospitals were assigned as NEC group.Preterm infants without NEC with similar gestational age and body weight during the same period were assigned as the control group.SNPs of VEGFA including rs1005230,rs833067,rs3025010,rs3025035,rs3025036,rs10434,and rs6905288 were analyzed using SEQUENOM MassARRAY platform and multiplex allele-specific PCR.The concentration of VEGFA in the plasma of the two groups was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result A total of 110 infants were reviewed,including 30 infants in NEC group and 80 infants in the control group.The results showed a significant association of the minor allele frequency (MAF) for T in rs1005230 and C in rs833067 with NEC.The frequencies of C/T (OR=4.810,95％CI 1.742～13.278) and C/T-T/T (OR=4.892,95％CI 1.801～13.246) genotypes in rs1005230,and frequencies of T/C (OR=4.373,95％CI 1.578～12.129) and T/C-C/C (OR=4.000,95％CI 1.484～10.828) genotypes in rs833067 were significantly higher in NEC group than the control group (P＜0.05).Infants with MAF in rs1005230 and rs833067 had significantly lower plasma level of VEGFA than infants without MAF (P＜0.01).Conclusion The SNPs of rs1005230 and rs833067 may be associated with lower level of VEGFA in plasma and higher risk for NEC.

Establishment and preliminary application of a voxel-based method for the quantitative analysis of air trapping / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To establish and validate a voxel-based method for the quantitative detection of air trapping (AT),and to explore its diagnostic value by preliminarily apply this method in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods From March 2015 to February 2016,fifty healthy young volunteers and eighteen COPD patients who underwent both end-inspiratory and end-expiratory CT were included from the Digital Lung Multi-center Study.The quantitative parameters of AT and emphysema were measured by both the voxel-based quantitative method and the conventional threshold method,respectively.All subjects underwent pulmonary function examination within 3 days after CT examination.For healthy volunteers,paired sample rank-sum test was used to compare the difference of quantitative parameters between voxel-based method and threshold method,Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between quantitative parameters of the two methods and pulmonary function.For COPD patients,the distribution and extent of AT and emphysema in patients with similar degree of pulmonary function (PFT) injury were observed.Results There were varying degrees of AT in the asymptomatic youth,with a median value of 5.70％ for the voxel-based method and with a median value of 7.96％ for the conventional threshold method,there was significant difference(Z=-4.015,P＜0.001).The correlation between AT and emphysema parameters of the voxel-based method and PFT parameters (r=-0.399 and-0.494,-0.335 and-0.439 separately,P＜0.05) were higher than that of the conventional threshold method,respectively (r=-0.357 and-0.453,-0.284 and-0.391,respectively;all P＜0.05).Furthermore,the voxel-based method can classify COPD patients with similar degree of pulmonary function injury into three subtypes:AT-dominant,emphysema-dominant,and mixed.Conclusions The voxel-based AT quantitative measurement method not only has high sensitivity and accuracy,but also provides imaging phenotype for the diagnosis of COPD and provides assistant decision-making for clinical management.

Investigation of mosquitoes and arboviruses in the border areas of Yunnan province, 2012 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the distribution patterns of arboviruses in Yunnan province near the China-Laos-Myanmar border, China, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of arboviruses diseases.@*Methods@#Mosquito samples were collected in Daluo county of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and Zhengdong county of Pu’er city in Yunnan province, 2012. Viruses were isolated from the samples by tissue culture, positive isolates were identified by RT-PCR with arbovirus species-specific primers, for further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.@*Results@#A total of 17 species of mosquitoes from 6 genera were collected. A total of 24 strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools and identified as Tembusu virus (TMUV) (2 strains), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (3 strains), Getah virus (GETV) (2 strains), Banna virus (BAV) (4 strains), Densovirus (DNV) (9 strains) and Nam Dinh virus (NDiV) (3 strains).@*Conclusions@#The China-Laos-Myanmar border of Yunnan province is rich in species of mosquitoes and arboviruses.

Phylogenctics of Getah virus and its migration / 中国人兽共患病学报

In order to investigate the molecular evolution and spatio-temporal migration of Getah viruses (GETV) isolated around the world,the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of GETVs were analyzed and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using informatics software including ClustalX1.83,MegaAlign,GeneDOC and Mega6.0.The Bayesian Stochastic Search Variable Selection (BSSVS) program in the BEAST v 1.8.1 software package was used to analyze the spatial dynamics of the Getah virus.Results showed that the full-length of Getah virus E2 gene consists of 1 266 nueleotides,encoding 422 amino acids.And the homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 94.5％ 100％ and 96.4％ 100％ respectively.The molecular evolution analysis revealed that there were no species and geographical distribution difference existing among GETV host animals (e.g.horses and pigs) and vectors (e.g.mosquitoes).Bioinformatics analysis showed that GETV originated in Malaysia,then it was spread to Japan,China,South Korea,Mongolia,Russia,etc.GETV E2 gene was relatively stable since GETV was first isolated in 1955.The differences of species and geographical distribution did not exist among GETV host animals and vectors,and the virus has spread from tropical regions to Eurasian continent.Thus,strengthening the detection and monitoring of GETV and its infections in humans and livestock is critical.

Effects of Triamcinolone Acetonide on Choroidal Neovascularization in Brown Norway Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection on choroidal neovascularization in brown Norway rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy brown Norway rats were divided randomly into control group (n=18) and experimental group (n=18), while one eye was chosen randomly as experimental eye. The choroidal neovascularization model was establishied, while 8μl triamcin-olone acetonide was injected in vitreous body immediately after photocoagulation in the experimental group, and the same volume isotonic balanced salt solution was injected in the control group. The eyes of six rats were enucleated for histological slices in the second, forth, and sixth week, respectively. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B was detected with immunohistochemical method, and the max area of choroidal neovascularization was also measured. Results The area of choroidal neovascularization was smaller, and the expression of nucle-ar factor-kappa B was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (t>7.450, P<0.001). Conclusion Triamcinolone acetonide could effectively inhibit the development of choroidal neovascularization, and decrease the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in brown Norway rats.

Analysis of influence factors on congenital digestive tract malformation / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of congenital digestive tract malformation in Foshan city ,and to investi‐gate the influential factors on congenital digestive tract malformation .Methods A total of 17 hospitals in Foshan city were moni‐tored from 2011 to 2014 ,the data of digestive tract malformation defects of neonates were analyzed .Results A total of 308 530 newborn infants were monitored ,among them ,189 cases were diagnosed with digestive tract malformation ,the incidence rate was 0 .61‰ .The high risk factors for digestive tract malformation were as follows :infant‐mother aged or more than 30 years old ,smok‐ing or passive smoking ,adverse pregnancy history of infant‐mother ,male gender of neonate and infant born at full term . Conclusion The age of infant‐mother ,smoking or passive smoking ,adverse pregnancy history of infant‐mother ,gender of neonate and gestational age could influence the incidence of gastrointestinal malformations .

The diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound in uterus abnormal bleeding caused by uterine incision diverticulum after cesarean section / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound in uterus abnormal bleeding caused by uterine incision diverticulum after cesarean section. Methods We collected 480 cases with cesarean section patients from January 2011 to July 2015 in our hospital. A retrospective analysis of the cases was performed by transvaginal ultrasound , if the incision diverticulum was found , for measuring and recording the depth , length , width and assessing the residual muscle layer thickness and the shape and volume of the diverticulum with vaginal bleeding in the following up. Results 118 cases were found incision diverticu-lum by ultrasound in 480 patients , including 70 cases of triangular , 33 cases of semicircle , 15 cases of other shapes , of which 56 patients of uterine abnormal bleeding were significantly correlated with the volume and depth of the diverticulum. While menstruation PBAC scores were higher , the greater probability associated with abnormal uterine bleeding , but bleeding did not associate with the shape and length and width of diverticula; In this study we also found that OR value (OR = 15.809) of the diverticulum volume maximum was the key factors leading to the abnormal uterine bleeding in uterine incision diverticulum. Conclusion Transvaginal three-dimen-sional ultrasound can be convenient , fast and accurate diagnosis of uterine abnormal bleeding caused by incision diverticulum , and is of important significance for guiding clinical medication and surgical treatment.

Value of interleukin-17 in predicting mortality rate of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the value of monitoring circular blood interleukin(IL)-17 for predicting 60 d mortality rate in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods A total of 85 neonates with surgically or medically treated NEC were retrospectively included.Serum IL-17 level was detected in diagnosing NEC and before preparing operation for evaluating its predictive value.Results The mortality rate after 60 d was 20 ％ (17/85),in which 5 (10 ％)was in the medical treatment group and 12(34％) in the surgical treatment group.The IL-17 level was significantly correlated with mortality rate after 30 d [odds ratio (OR):1.38;CI:1.14-1.67;P=0.001].The preoperative IL-17 level in the surgical treatment group was 27-7 500 pg/mL(median 2 625 pg/mL),which was significantly higher than mean 156 pg/mL in the medical treatment group.The difference in the area under curve(AUC)between the medical treatment group and surgical treatment group was 0.82(CI:0.74-0.90).The critical value of IL-17 for detection significance was 1 783 pg/mL(sensitivity was 90.5％,specificity was 59.2％).Conclusion Serum IL-17 level is correlated with the mortality rate after 60 d.

In vitro activity of artemether against Demodex folliculorum / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To assess the in vitro antimite activity of artemether against Demodex folliculorum, and to provide evidence for the use of artemether in the treatment of skin diseases caused by Demodex folliculorum infection. Methods Artemether was diluted to different concentrations(20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L)with peanut oil. The pH values of working solutions of artemether and peanut oil were measured. Demodex folliculorum mites were divided into several groups(32 mites in each group)to be treated with artemether(20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L, artemether groups) or peanut oil(control group). Results There were significant differences in the time required for killing of Demodex folliculorum among the 20?, 10?, 5?and 2.5?g/L artemether groups and control group(Median[P25-P75]:3.00[2.00-3.88]vs. 6.00[4.13- 7.25]vs. 13.00[11.63- 14.50]vs. 17.00[15.25- 20.75]vs. 34.00[23.50- 39.50]hours, H=133.954, P 0.05). Moreover, the pH values of working solutions of artemether and peanut oil ranged between 7.0 and 7.1, and were close to neutral. Conclusion Artemether at 20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L can kill Demodex folliculorum in vitro, so artemether may serve as an alternative drug for the treatment of Demodex folliculorum infection.

The expression and significance of Ezrin in human triple negative breast cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the expression and significance of Ezrin in triple negative breast cancer tissues .Methods We selected 102 cases ,including 24 ones of triple negative breast cancer ,58 ones of non‐triple negative breast cancer ,and 20 of benign breast disease .The expression of Ezrin in all the specimens was detected by SP immunohistochemistry .We observed whether there was any difference between the positive expression rates of Ezrin in the three groups . We also analyzed the correlation between Ezrin expression and clinicopathologic parameters of triple negative breast cancer .Results The positive expression rate of Ezrin in groups of triple negative breast cancer , non‐triple negative breast cancer , and benign breast disease was 15 .00% ,48 .28% and 75 .00% ,respectively . The difference between the three groups differed significantly ( P 0 .05 ) . Conclusion Ezrin is highly expressed in triple negative breast cancer tissues ;therefore , it can be used as an important indicator of poor prognosis of triple negative breast cancer .

Dynamic expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in Brown Norway rats / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) has various kinds of types and important biological function.The important role of ECM during choroidal neovascularization (CNV) arouse attention.Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is one of ECMs, involves in the formation of blood vessels, but the relationship between CNV and ICAM-1 is still unknown.Objective This study was to observe the dynamic expression of ICAM-1 in krypton laser-induced CNV and explore the effect of ICAM-1 on CNV.Methods Forty-eight healthy male clean BN rats were randomly divided into post-photocoagulation 1-week group,2-week group,3-week group,4-week group, 5-week group, 6-week group, 7-week group and 8-week group.Laser-induced CNV models were monocularly established and the fellow eyes served as the normal controls.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out to quantitate the leakage degree (absorbency).The eyeballs were enucleated on various time points,and CNV areas were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining;immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay were employed, respectively, for the detection of relative expression levels of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA (absorbency).The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee.Results After laser photocoagulation,the retinal inner and outer nuclear layers were ruptured and invaginated.Disruption of Bruch membrane and macrophages migrating to the photocoagulation zone were seen under the optical microscope.The proliferation of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells was exhibited.ICAM-1 protein was mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells,retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and macrophages,and ICAM-1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the outer nuclear layer.Statistically significant differences were found in the fluorescence leakage degree, the relative expression levels of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA as well as CNV areas among the groups (F=178.839, 739.077,2 463.508,194.434, all at P＜0.05).The gradually enlarged CNV area, increased fluorescence leakage, up-regulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expressions were matched with the extension of time after photocoagulation and peaked in the post-photocoagulation 8-week group.Conclusions The expressions of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA up-regulate upon the increase of CNV area and fluorescein leakage, suggesting that ICAM-1 might play an important role in CNV development.