Analysis of the efficacy of lung cancer screening in urban areas of Henan Province by low-dose computed tomography from 2013 to 2017 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of lung cancer screening in urban areas of Henan province by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) from 2013 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was used to select the residents of 40-74 years old in Henan province to investigate the risk factors and conduct lung cancer risk assessment. Subjects with high risk of lung cancer received LDCT for screening.@*Results@#A total of 179 002 residents completed the lung cancer risk assessment, and 35 672 subjects were identified as high risk of lung cancer, with a high risk rate of 19.93%. A total of 13 383 subjects with high risk received LDCT, and the screening rate was 37.52%. There were 786 cases diagnosed as positive nodules, and the detection rate was 5.87%. Among them, 755 cases of solid/partial solid nodule were ≥5 mm, 23 cases of non-solid nodules were ≥8 mm, 8 cases were intratracheal nodules, and 115 cases were diagnosed as suspicious lung cancer. The detection rate in males was 6.74%, which was higher than 5.02% in females. The detection rate was positively related with age (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The application of LDCT is a useful screening method which can elevate the early detection rate of positive nodules and other related diseases in lungs. In the future, males and older populations should be paid more attention to improve screening efficacy.

Multivariate analysis of the association between consumption of fried food and gastric cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of fried food intake on the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.@*Methods@#From 2005 to 2013, the residents aged 40-69 years from 11 counties/cities where cancer screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer were conducted in rural areas of Henan province as the subjects (82 367 cases). The information such as demography and lifestyle was collected. The residents were screened with endoscopic examination. The biopsy sampleswere diagnosed pathologically, according to pathological diagnosis criteria, the subjects with high risk were divided into the groups with different pathological degrees. The multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of fried food intake and gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.@*Results@#The study coverd 46 425 males and 35 942 females, with a age of (53.46±8.07)years. The study collected 6 707 cases of normal stomach, 2 325 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 226 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 331 cases of gastric cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those whoeat fried food less than one time per week, fried foods intake (<2 times/week: OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.57-2.28; ≥ 2 times/week: OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.66-2.20) were a risk factor for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions after adjustment for age, sex, marital status, educational level, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking status.@*Conclusion@#The intake of fried food is a risk factor for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Therefore, reducing the intake of fried food can prevent the occurrence of gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions.

Analysis survival of screening and non-screening patients of esophageal cancer in Linzhou city / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate effect of screening of esophageal cancer though comparing difference of survival level between screening and non-screening patients in Linzhou city.@*Methods@#The records pathologically diagnosed as serious hyperplasia/carcinoma and esophageal cancer were drawn from database of first round screening in Linzhou city from 2005-2013 and were assigned to the screening group. The records of new esophageal cancer cases which diagnosed within 2 years before, screening from the same village aged from 40 to 69, were drawn from database of cancer registry in Linzhou city and were assigned to the non-screening group. Five or 10 year survival rate with 95%CI of patients with different malignant degree diseases in the screening group and the patients with esophageal cancer in the non-screening group was calculated respectively. The survival curves between the screening and non-screening group were compared by Log rank method.@*Results@#All 26 908 persons were examined in first round screening in Linzhou city from 2005 to 2013. There were 374 persons with serious hyperplasia/carcinoma in situ, 157 persons with esophageal cancer (141 intramucosal carcinomas/submucosal cancers, 16 invasive cancers). The 5 year survival rate of serious hyperplasia/carcinoma, intramucosal carcinoma/submucosal cancer and invasive cancer were 95.0% (95%CI: 91.7%-97.0%) , 72.0% (95%CI: 62.7%-79.3%) and 41.7% (95%CI: 17.4%-64.6%) separately. The 5 year survival rate of esophageal cancer in screening and non-screening group were 68.7% (95%CI:59.9%-75.9%) and 40.8% (95%CI: 36.4%-45.2%). The 10 year survival rate of esophageal cancer in screening and non-screening group were 58.0% (95% CI: 44.6%-69.3%) and 34.3% (95% CI:29.1%-39.5%). The 5 or 10 year survival rate of esophageal cancer in the screening group were higher than that in the non-screening group in whatever sex or age. The survival distribution of the screening group was better than non-screening group (χ2=38.88, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#More precancerous lesions and early esophageal cancer can be detected and patients' survival level was improved through organized esophageal cancer screening, which provided support to evaluate value of organized screening.

The clinical performance of high risk HPV DNA test among triage women with cytology showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the performance of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for triage ASC-US in Chinese population.@*Methods@#The study population was from Jiyuan city in Henan Province where a cervical cancer screening cohort (4 026 women) was set up from April to July in 2017. Women with ASC-US and complete recall information of colposcope were selected as the study objects. Self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the general information and medical history of cervical cancer, thencervical cytological speciments were collected for cytodiagnosis and HPV DNA test, followed by colposcopy, lesion biopsy and histology diagnose. The diagnosis of histology was used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated.@*Results@#The average age of the included 393 women with ASC-US were (50.81±9.22) years old. The positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), HPV16 and HPV18 were 35.6%, 10.69% and 2.80%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for HR-HPV to detect CIN2+ were 84.38% (68.25%-93.14%), 68.70% (63.74%-73.26%), 19.29% (13.61%-26.61%) and 98.02% (95.46%-99.15%). When compared with HR-HPV, HPV16/18 had a lower sensitivity (59.38% (42.26%-74.48%)) and a higher specificity(91.14% (87.75%-93.65%)), the PPV and NPV were 59.38% (25.32%-50.98%) and 91.14% (93.61%-97.77%).@*Conclusion@#It was more effective for HR-HPV to triage ASC-US than HPV16/18. In order to improve the effect of HPV16/18, it should include more HR-HPV types which were more prevalent in Chinese population.

Estimation on the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China, in 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014,based on the cancer registration data.Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR).Methods All together,449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014,to the NCCR.After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups.Combined with data from the National population in 2014,the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated.Data from the 2000 National census was used,and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality.Results The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347,with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas.The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70％ and 1.27％,respectively.The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37.The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China,in 2014,with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95％CI:4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000).The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer,estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world)were 3.43/100 000 (95％CI:3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95％CI:3.37/100 000-3.43/100 000),respectively.The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40％ in China.The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000)and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females.The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95％CI:6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95％ CI:4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95％CI:3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95％CI:2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas.The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country,in 2014,with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95％CI:1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000).The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95 ％ CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000)and 1.16/100 000(95％CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000),respectively,with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12％.The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95％CI:2.27/100 000-2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95％ CI:1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males,respectively,whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95％CI:1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000(95％CI:0.79/100 000-0.83/100 000) for females.The crude andASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95％CI:2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95％CI:1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000)in urban areas,respectively,whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95％CI:1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000)and 0.78/100 000 (95％ CI:0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas.Conclusions Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low,in China.However,the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased.Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.

Estimation on the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China, in 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014, based on the cancer registration data. Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). Methods: All together, 449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014, to the NCCR. After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups. Combined with data from the National population in 2014, the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated. Data from the 2000 National census was used, and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality. Results: The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347, with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas. The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70% and 1.27%, respectively. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37. The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China, in 2014, with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95%CI: 4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000). The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer, estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world) were 3.43/100 000 (95%CI: 3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95%CI: 3.37/100 000- 3.43/100 000), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40% in China. The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000) and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95%CI: 6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95%CI: 4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95%CI: 3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95%CI: 2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas. The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country, in 2014, with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95%CI: 1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000). The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000) and 1.16/100 000(95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000), respectively, with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12%. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95%CI: 2.27/100 000- 2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95%CI: 1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males, respectively, whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95%CI: 1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000 (95%CI: 0.79/100 000- 0.83/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95%CI: 2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95%CI: 1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000) in urban areas, respectively, whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95%CI: 1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000) and 0.78/100 000 (95%CI: 0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas. Conclusions: Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low, in China. However, the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased. Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.

Incidence and survival of esophageal cancer with different histological types in Linzhou between 2003 and 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the incidence and survival of esophageal cancer with different histological types and to understand the incidence trend and burden of esophageal cancer in Linzhou during 2003-2012.@*Methods@#All incidence records of esophageal cancer and population reported were collected from Linzhou Cancer Registry during 2003-2012. Incidence rate was calculated using gender and histological types. Age standardized incidence rate was calculated according to world Segi's population and Chinese census data in 2000. Age standardized incidence rate by world population between 2003 and 2012 was analyzed with JoinPoint regression model and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated. 5-year survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier model.@*Results@#There were 8 229 esophageal cancer cases in Linzhou during 2003-2012. The average annual incidence rate was 80.08/100 000 (8 229/10 276 481). Among all esophageal cancer cases, 7 019 (85.3%) were diagnosed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In Linzhou, the age standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by world standard population was 80.92/100 000 and 81.85/100 000 in 2003, 67.97/100 000 and 68.63/100 000 in 2012. JoinPoint regression model showed that EAPC was-12.9% (95%CI:-16.4%--9.1%) for other and unspecified histological type between 2003 and 2012. The EAPC was-5.5% (95%CI:-9.2%--1.6%) for esophageal cancer between 2007 and 2012,-5.4% (95%CI:-7.0%--3.9%) for esophageal cancer in female between 2006 and 2012,-4.9% (95%CI:-9.5%--0.1%) for ESCC between 2007 and 2012. The 5-year prevalence of esophageal cancer was 215.49 per 100 000 (2 337/1 084 493), and 5 489 died within 5 years after incidence. 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer was 34.6% (95%CI: 33.5%-35.6%).@*Conclusion@#Esophageal cancer had a decreasing trend in Linzhou. The survival rate was increasing. But, esophageal cancer was still a major burden in Linzhou. The major histological type was ESCC. ESCC had a similar decreasing trend with esophageal cancer.

Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis on the association between consumption of fried food and both esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of fried food intake on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods From 2005 to 2013,all the residents aged 40-69 years from 11 counties (cities) where cancer screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer had been conducted in rural areas of Henan province,were recruited as the subjects of study.Information on demography and lifestyle was collected.The residents under study were screened with iodine staining endoscopic examination and biopsy samples were diagnosed pathologically,under standardized criteria.Subjects with high risk were divided into the groups based on their different pathological degrees.Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of fried food intake and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Results A total number of 8 792 cases with normal esophagus,3 680 with mild hyperplasia,972 with moderate hyperplasia,413 with severe hyperplasia carcinoma in situ,and 336 cases of esophageal cancer were recruited.Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,when compared with those who did not eat fried food,the intake of fried food (＜2 times/week:OR=1.60,95％C1:1.40-1.83;≥2 times/week:OR=2.58,95％ CI:1.98-3.37) appeared a risk factor for both esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions after adjustment for age,sex,marital status,educational level,body mass index,smoking and alcohol intake.Conclusion The intake of fried food appeared a risk factor for both esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis on the association between consumption of fried food and both esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of fried food intake on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods From 2005 to 2013,all the residents aged 40-69 years from 11 counties (cities) where cancer screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer had been conducted in rural areas of Henan province,were recruited as the subjects of study.Information on demography and lifestyle was collected.The residents under study were screened with iodine staining endoscopic examination and biopsy samples were diagnosed pathologically,under standardized criteria.Subjects with high risk were divided into the groups based on their different pathological degrees.Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of fried food intake and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Results A total number of 8 792 cases with normal esophagus,3 680 with mild hyperplasia,972 with moderate hyperplasia,413 with severe hyperplasia carcinoma in situ,and 336 cases of esophageal cancer were recruited.Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,when compared with those who did not eat fried food,the intake of fried food (＜2 times/week:OR=1.60,95％C1:1.40-1.83;≥2 times/week:OR=2.58,95％ CI:1.98-3.37) appeared a risk factor for both esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions after adjustment for age,sex,marital status,educational level,body mass index,smoking and alcohol intake.Conclusion The intake of fried food appeared a risk factor for both esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Analysis of the efficacy of gastric cancer screening in rural population in Henan Province / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in rural population in high risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects aged 40-69 years in the high risk areas were selected to participate in the endoscopic screening based on the cluster sampling, and screening-positive subjects were sampled for pathological examination. The data of screening were summarized and the detection rates of severe chronic atrophic gastritis, severe intestinal metaplasia, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, early and middle-late cancer were calculated, and the constituent ratio of early cancer cases was calculated. The detection rates and early diagnosis rates for the first round screening and follow-up screening were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 5 years, a total of 88 263 subjects were endoscopically examined in the first round screening and 4 004 subjects were diagnosed with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia or above (the detection rate was 4.54%), in which 3 256 cases were with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (the detection rate of 3.69%), 366 cases with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (the rate of 0.41%), 199 cases with early cancer (the rate of 0.22%) and 183 cases with middle-late cancer (the rate of 0.21%). The number of cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer was 565 and the early diagnosis rate was 75.53%. 1 894 subjects with severe chronic atrophic gastritis, severe intestinal metaplasia and low grade intraepithelial were followed up with a compliance of 66.32%. A total of 45 cases of early cancer were diagnosed, with a detection rate of 2.38% and early diagnosis rate of 100%. The detection rate and early diagnosis rate in the follow-up screening were both statistically significantly higher than that in the first round screening (P<0.01 for both).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer is significant in high risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer, and improving the quality of follow-up screening will achieve a better performance of the screening.</p>

Clinical Observation Laparoscopy Combined with Dienogest and TCM in the Treatment of Endometriosis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare therapeutic efficacy and safety of laparoscopy combined with dienogest and laparoscopy combined with dienogest and TCM in the treatment of endometriosis. METHODS:126 endometriosis patients were selected and divid-ed into control group and observation group,with 63 cases in each group. Control group received combined with dienogest(25 mg/time,qd);observation group was additionally given TCM on the basis of control group. Therapeutic efficacy,recovery time of ovula-tion,menstrual recovery time and ADR were compared between 2 groups,and recurrence and pregnancy of them were followed up for 2 years. RESULTS:The total effective rate of observation group (93.65%) was significantly higher than that of control group (80.96%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). The menstrual recovery time and recovery time of ovulation in observation group were significantly shorter than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group (9.52%)was significantly lower than control group(26.98%),with statistical significance(P<0.05);the recurrence rate of observa-tion group (4.76%) was significantly lower than that of control group (17.46%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). In 2-year follow-up,there were 23 pregnancy patients in observation group,which was significantly higher than that of control group (9 cas-es),with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopy combined with dienogest and TCM in the treatment of endometriosis have better clinical effect,higher safety and lower recurrence rate. The patients are easily pregnant.

Analysis of effect of screening of esophageal cancer in 12 cities and counties of Henan province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate effect of screening of esophageal cancer at rural areas in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>At rural areas with high incidence of upper gastrointestinal carcinoma in Henan province total of 88,263 persons with 40 to 69 years old were set to the target population of the screening by the 12 cities and countries and endoscope and pathology diagnosis were performed during 2009-2013. For patients with precancerous lesions, follow-up visits were conducted and defined as follows: once in three years for patients with mild dysplasia, once per year for moderate hyperplasia patients, the patients with severe intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ should be treat, at least once per year for those one who didn't under treatment. The result data of screening were summarized and detection rates of esophagus hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, early and middle-late cancer were calculated, as well as the early diagnosis rate. The result between first round and follow-up screening was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Target population were examined in first round screening. There were 8,434 persons with above mild dysplasia and the detection rate was 9.56%, among them there were 7,224 (8.18%) cases with light-middle hyperplasia, 789 (0.89%) cases with serious dysplasia or cancer in situ, 239 (0.27%) cases with early cancer and 182 (0.21%) cases with middle-late cancer. The sum of serious dysplasia or cancer in situ and early cancer was 1 028 and the early detection rate was 84.96% (1,028/1,210). From 2012 to 2013, the follow-up screening for persons with light-middle hyperplasia which should be followed 4,230 cases, there were 2 853 people to take in screening and compliance was 67.45%. Total of 94 cases were diagnosed with cancer in situ or early cancer. The detection rate and the early detection rate were 3.29% and 100%, respectively. The rates of detection and early detection in phase of follow-up screening were statistically significantly higher than that in first round screening respectively (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>At rural areas of high incidence upper gastrointestinal carcinoma in Henan province, the screening with endoscope had good effect and strengthening the follow-up screening could increase the effect.</p>

The longitude study on the mental development of congenital hearing-impaired infants and toddlers / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of chronological age and acoustic device in cognitive development of congenital hearing-impaired infants and toddlers, and analyze the correlation of abilities in cognitive development with other factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Depending on chronological age (1 year old group and 2 years old group) and acoustic device (hearing aids and cochlear implantation), locomotor, personal-social, hearing and speech, hand and eye co-ordination, performance tests in Griffith Cognitive Development Scale were used to assess the cognitive development of 80 hearing-impaired infants and toddlers aged 0-2 years, including before intervention (0 month), after intervention (6, 12 months). Datas were analyzed by Repeated Measurements and Pearson Correlation Test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 1 year hearing intervention and rehabilitation, hearing and speech, performance and cognitive were extremely significant difference for each phase of early intervention (P < 0.01), the development of locomotor, personal-social, hand and eye co-ordination were no significant difference (P > 0.05). Personal-Social in 1 year old group with hearing impairment was much higher than 2 years old group P < 0.05). Hearing and speech in cochlear implanted group with hearing loss was much higher than hearing aids group. Cognitive development was positive correlation with various region development P < 0.01), and was negatively correlated with chronological age (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cognitive development is proportional to recovery time. The chronological age of early intervention obviously affect deaf children's cognitive development. The ability of hearing and speech in cochlear implanted children is superior to children with hearing aids in severe and profound hearing impaired children.</p>

A meta-analysis of body mass index and the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between obesity and the risk of lung cancer and evaluate a dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and incidence risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic literature search for BMI and incidence risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population, as well as through the reference lists of retrieved articles. The literature databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar. Time range was from the founding of each database to September 2014 and a total of 93 research papers were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled odds ratio and corresponding 95% CI. Generalized least-squares regression methods were used to make a dose-response meta-analysis between BMI and incidence risk of lung cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a number of 2 351 lung cancer cases. Results showed that obesity was inversely associated with lung cancer incidence (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59-0.79) (heterogeneity test: I² = 0, P = 0.594). The association did not change with stratification by study design, sex, smoking status, BMI measurement method and study population. A linear dose-response association between BMI and risk of lung cancer was visually significant, and lung cancer risk would be reduced 21% for per 5 kg/m² BMI increase (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89) (heterogeneity test: q = 22.43, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this meta-analysis indicated that higher BMI was a protective factor against lung cancer, but smoking may play a stronger role as a confounding factor for the most important role with lung cancer incidence.</p>

The Standardization of Language Function EvaIuation for Hearing-impaired ChiIdren / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To revise the standards of the Language Function Evaluation for Hearing-impaired Children and to study the characteristics of language functions in hearing-impaired children.Methods A total of 741 normal hearing children at the age of 3~7 year old from 15 provinces in China were assessed using the Language Function Evaluation for Hearing-impaired Children.A total of 90 hearing-impaired children also completed the e-valuation.The scores of Representation Function,Tool Function,Coordination Function,Expression Function, Entertainment Function and Comprehensive Function of all the children were collected.ResuIts The regression e-quations of the language function were established:Representation Function score=3.34 +0.81 ×children's age, Tool Function score =6.00+0.51×children's age,Coordination Function score =5.72 +0.52 ×children's age,Ex-pression Function score =4.44+0.67×children's age,Entertainment Function score =6.34+0.47×children's age, Comprehensive Function score =4.96+0.62×children's age;Through the regression analysis,the reference stand-ards of the tool for children at the age of 3~6 year old were set down.Five-year-old hearing-impaired children's Tool Function and Expression Function were better than those of three or four-year-old ones(P<0.05).Five-year-old hearing-impaired children's Comprehensive Function were better than those of three-year-old ones(P<0.05).The language function scores had a big gap between the hearing-impaired children and the hearing-nor-mal children at the same ages.ConcIusion The new reference standards of the Language Function Evaluation for Hearing-impaired Children provides the Expectation values and Minimum values of language function from children at the age of 3 -6.They are rehabilitation criterions for hearing-impaired children.The older the hearing-im-paired children are,the higher their scores of language function evaluation.But their scores are much lower than those of the normal hearing children at the same age.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for detecting HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast cancer tissue / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze and compare the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and immunohistochemical(IHC) for detecting HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast cancer tissues .Methods 110 cases of breast cancer from Janu-ary 2008 to May 2012 receiving the modified radical mastectomy were selected .The resected breast cancer tissue was detected by FISH and IHC and the detected results were performed the comparative analysis .Results Among 110 cases of breast cancer tissue , 25 cases(22 .73% ) were the HER-2 protein expression(+ + + ) ,44 cases(40 .00% ) were(+ + ) ,26 cases(23 .64% ) were(+ ) and 15 cases(13 .64% ) were(-) .Among 110 cases ,the gene amplification was in 28 cases(25 .45% ) and no gene amplification was in 82 cases(74 .55% ) .The positive(+ + + ) of the IHC detection was coincident with that of FISH ,and the negative(+ /-) of the IHC detection was also coincident with that of FISH ,there was statistical difference between the suspicious positive of the IHC de-tection and the results of FISH (P<0 .05) .But the total coincidence of the IHC detection results and FISH test results was 89 .29%(25/28) ,and the two detection methods had the positive correlation (χ2 =84 .89 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The positive and negative expression of the IHC detection has better consistency with that of the FISH detection .However ,the coincidence of the IHC suspi-cious positive expression and the FISH results is poor ,indicating that the suspicious positive sample of the IHC detection needs to be detected by the FISH detection .

Analysis of results of endoscopic screening of esophageal, gastric cardia and gastric cancers in high risk population / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the results of endoscopic screening of esophageal, gastric cardiac and gastric cancers in the high-risk population, and analyze the influencing factors such as age, gender and biopsy rate on their detection and early diagnosis rates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine high incidence cities and counties of esophageal cancer in Henan province were included in this study. People aged 40-69 years were set to the target population. Excluding contraindications for gastroscopy, in accordance with the national technical scheme of early cancer diagnosis and treatment, gastroscopic screening and biopsy pathology for human esophageal, cardiac and gastric cancers were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 3-year period, a total of 40 156 subjects were screened. Among them, 18 459 cases of various precancerous lesions (46.0%) were detected. The cancer detection rate was 2.3% (916 cases), including 763 cases of early cancers. The diagnosis rate of early cancers was 83.3%. Precancerous lesions were detected in 9297 cases (23.2%) for esophagus and 9162 cases (22.8%) for gastric cardia as well as stomach, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study demonstrate that endoscopic screening is feasible for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal, gastric cardia and gastric cancers among high risk population in high incidence area. Exploration analysis of relevant affecting factors may help to further improve the screening project for early diagnosis and treatment of those cancers.</p>

Relationship between expression of Her-2 gene and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Her-2 gene and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Methods A total of 351 cases with primary breast cancer from January 2008 to January 2011 were selected.The expression of Her-2 gene was detected by immunohistochemical method,and analyzed the relationship between it and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Results The expression of Her-2-,+,++ had no correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =3.757,1.650,2.379,P ＞ 0.05),while the expression of Her-2 +++ had correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =8.681,P ＜ 0.05).The 2 years survival rates in the expression of Her-2-,+,++,+++ were 77.01％ (201/261),85.00％ (34/40),29.17％(7/24),1 1.54％ (3/26),and which in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =61.605,P ＜ 0.01).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 0 and 1-3,the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,and there was significant difference (x2 =61.605,14.747,P ＜ 0.05).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 4-9 and ≥ 10,there was no significant difference in the 2 years survival rate between the expression of Her-2--+ and Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =3.691,3.482,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Her-2-,+,++ has no correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis,and the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ is higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,while Her-2-has no difference with Her-2 + in prognosis.While the transfer number of axillary lymph node ≤ 3,the expression of Her-2 gene may be an important prognostic factor.

Features of Auditory Mismatch Responses Elicited from Putonghua-speaking Preschoolers and Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the features of the auditory mismatch response (MMR) elicited from the preschoolers and adults. Methods 9 preschoolers aged 3-6 and 8 adults were elicited and measured MMR to speech sounds (/bal/,/pal/) using the Oddball paradigm. Results The response was typical mismatch negativity in adults, and was slow positive waves with larger amplitude in the preschoolers. MNOVA results showed that there were significantly differences between the 2 groups, said the latency of MMRs was significantly longer and the amplitude was larger in the preschoolers than in the adults (P<0.05). Conclusion Stable MMRs with distinct characters in preschool-ers and adults have been obtained respectively.

Audiological Characteristics in 832 Deaf Children with Biallelic Causative Mutations in GJB2,SLC26A4 Gene / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To determine the audiological characteristics in 832 deaf children with biallelic causative mutations in GJB2 ,SLC26A4 gene .Methods The 832 patients received deafness gene screening ,553 were GJB2 gene biallelic causative mutations ,279 were SLC26A4 gene biallelic causative mutations .Patients were divided into four groups according to ages of hearing loss onset :<1 ,1~3 ,3~6 ,6~12 years old ,and the audiological character-istics and prevalence of GJB2 ,SLC26A4 gene mutations at different ages of onset .Results The prevalence of GJB2 gene mutations at four groups was 37 .97% (210/553) ,38 .34% (212/553) ,16 .27% (90/553) ,7 .41% (41/553) ,re-spectively ;the prevalence of SLC26A4 gene mutations at four groups was 25 .45% (71/279) ,44 .80% (125/279) , 20 .07% (56/279) ,9 .67% (27/279) ,respectively .The difference between GJB2 and SLC26A4 gene was significant(P=0 .001) .The prevalence of profound hearing loss with GJB2 gene mutations at four groups were 66 .67% (140/210) ,61 .32% (130/212) ,47 .78% (43/90) ,41 .46% (17/41) ,respectively .The difference was significant (P=0 .004) ,while the difference in 279 patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations was not statistically significant (P= 0 . 083) .Conclusion The age of hearing loss onset in patients with biallelic causative mutations in GJB 2 or SLC26A4 gene refers to 0~3 years -old ,hearing loss in patients with GJB2 ,SLC26A4 gene mutations gives priority to pro-found .The age of hearing loss onset is smaller ,the ratio of profound hearing loss is higher .Patients with severe and profound hearing impairment should be performed the genetic testing when the age of onset under 12 .