Low-cost and simple optical system based on wavefront coding and deep learning.

With the development of computational imaging, the integration of optical system design and digital algorithms has made more imaging tasks easier to perform. Wavefront coding (WFC) is a typical computational imaging technique that is used to address the constraints of optical aperture and depth of field. In this paper, we demonstrated a low-cost and simple optical system based on WFC and deep learning. We constructed an optimized encoding method for the phase plate under the framework of deep learning, which reduces the requirement for aberration correction in the full field of view. Optical coding was achieved with just a double-bonded lens and a simple cubic phase mask, and digital decoding used the deep residual UNet++ network framework. The final image obtained has good resolution, whereas the depth of field of the system expanded by a factor of 13, which is of great significance for the high-precision inspection and attaching of small parts of machine vision.

Sexual dysfunction in Wilson disease: Prevalence and influencing factors.

Wilson disease is a rare neurogenetic disorder that receives significant attention due to its manifestations, such as jaundice, cirrhosis, tremor, dystonia, and others. However, the impact of Wilson disease on sexual function has been overlooked. In this study, we aimed to investigate current status of sexual dysfunction in Wilson disease. In this study, we investigated the sexual function status and possible influencing factors of 245 Wilson disease patients by questionnaire. Our study identified sexual dysfunction as a prevalent issue in Wilson disease patients, with an overall prevalence of 49.0 %, of which 33.9 % in males and 63.7 % in females, both higher than the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the normal Chinese population. Compared with non-sexual dysfunction patients, sexual dysfunction was more common in the older age group, females, less educated, rural residence, no occupation, lower income, taking sedatives/antipsychotics, and high SIS scores (P < 0.05). Our binary logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (OR: 1.103, 95 %CI: 1.058-1.151, P < 0.001), being female (OR: 5.900,95 %CI: 2.966-11.736, P < 0.001), and the use of antipsychotics or sedatives (OR: 3.277,95 %CI: 1.065-10.077, P < 0.05) were all positively linked with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. Despite the well-known symptoms of Wilson disease, sexual dysfunction is also a frequent issue in Wilson disease patients, necessitating further attention.

[Epidemiological study of hepatolenticular degeneration at Hanshan County, Anhui Province].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence and morbidity rates of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) at Hanshan County, Anhui Province. METHODS: According to the principles of age stratification, cluster and random sampling, a total of 112 810 subjects were screened by cornea slit-lamp examination during the period of November 2008 to October 2009. The subjects were from recruited from schools, factories, communities, institutions and villages at Hanshan County. And they belonged to the age group of 7 - 75 years. At the same time, each subject was evaluated by the clinical examination with regards to the presence of such clinical manifestations as brain, liver, kidney, skin and other organ damage. And the examinations of copper biochemistry and abdominal ultrasound were performed for those subjects with K-F rings or their clinical manifestations suspicious of HLD. In order to confirm or exclude HLD, the penicillamine challenge test (PCT) was performed if necessary. RESULTS: Seven HLD patients had a definite diagnosis of HLD. There were classical Wilson type (n = 1), pseudosclerosis type (n = 1), mental disorder type (n = 1), liver type (n = 1) and presymptomatic (n = 3). The incidence rate was 2.66/100 000 and the prevalence rate 6.21/100 000 at Hanshan County, Anhui Province. CONCLUSION: HLD is a common disease. In order to avoid a misdiagnosis and prevent an incorrect treatment, physicians should pay more attention to this curable disease and try their best to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.

[Effect of Gandou Decoction IV combined with short-term decoppering therapy with sodium dimercapto-sulphonate on serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis in patients with Wilson' s disease].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Gandou Decoction IV (GDIV) on serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis and liver function in patients with Wilson's disease (WD). METHODS: Sixty-one WD patients were assigned to two groups, 30 patients in the sodium dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS) group and 31 patients in the GD IV group. Both groups received 8 courses of DMPS treatment with 6 days as one course, and the GD IV group was given GD IV additionally. Serum indexes of liver function were examined, serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by double antibody sandwish ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum hyaluronic (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen III (PC III) and collagen type IV (C-IV) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: After treatment, all indexes of hepatic fibrosis and liver function had no significant change in the DMPS group, while in the GD IV group, the serum TIMP-1 level markedly decreased (P <0.05), the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 significantly increased (P <0.01), and serum indexes of liver function markedly decreased (P < 0.05), but the changes in serum levels of HA, LN and PCIII, as well as in serum MMP-1 and C-IV were insignificant (P> 0.05), though they showed a trend of decreasing or increasing, respectively. CONCLUSION: Short-term decopper-ing treatment with DMPS alone has no significant effect on hepatic function and serum fibrosis indexes in WD patients, while combined with GD IV, it can improve liver function and display an anti-fibrosis effect through inhibiting the serum TIMP-1 level and increasing the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1.

Comparison of long lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration.

AIM:To compare the long-term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD).METHODS:One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A (n =60) received Suc 750mg,po.bid.Group B (n =60) received Pen 250mg, po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1.5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale.RESULTS:The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively)(P < 0.05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually.CONCLUSION:Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first-choice drug for long-term maintenance therapy of HLD.