Cervical vertebral Hounsfield units are a better predictor of Zero-P subsidence than the T-score of DXA in patients following single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with zero-profile anchored spacer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the predictive effect of Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the cervical vertebral body measured by computed tomography (CT) and T-scores measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on Zero-P subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF)with Zero-P. In addition, we evaluated the most reliable measurement of cervical HU values. METHODS: We reviewed 76 patients who underwent single-level Zero-P fusion for cervical spondylosis. HU values were measured on CT images according to previous studies. Univariate analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of Zero-P subsidence, and then, logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the ability to predict Zero-P subsidence. RESULTS: Twelve patients (15.8%) developed Zero-P subsidence. There were significant differences between subsidence group and non-subsidence group in terms of age, axial HU value, and HU value of midsagittal, midcoronal, and midaxial (MSCD), but there were no significant differences in lowest T-score and lowest BMD. The axial HU value (OR = 0.925) and HU value of MSCD (OR = 0.892) were independent risk factors for Zero-P subsidence, and the lowest T-score was not (OR = 1.186). The AUC of predicting Zero-P subsidence was 0.798 for axial HU value, 0.861 for HU value of MSCD, and 0.656 for T-score. CONCLUSIONS: Lower cervical HU value indicates a higher risk of subsidence in patients following Zero-P fusion for single-level cervical spondylosis. HU values were better predictors of Zero-P subsidence than DXA T-scores. In addition, the measurement of HU value in the midsagittal, midcoronal, and midaxial planes of the cervical vertebral body provides an effective method for predicting Zero-P subsidence.

Enhanced magnifying endoscopy for differential diagnosis of superficial gastric lesions identified with white-light endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Various techniques using magnifying endoscopy (ME) and chromoendoscopy are being developed to enhance images of gastrointestinal tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ME enhanced by acetic acid-indigo carmine mixture (ME-AIM) and ME enhanced with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) for differential diagnosis of superficial gastric lesions identified with conventional white-light endoscopy (WLE). METHODS: Patients with superficial gastric lesions picked up with WLE were enrolled in the study. ME-NBI and ME-AIM were used to further characterize the lesions. All images of the lesions were evaluated by four skilled endoscopists blinded to the clinical data. The microarchitectural patterns in the lesions were analyzed with reference to the "VS classification" system. RESULTS: A total of 643 lesions (mean diameter, 7 mm) from 508 patients (316 men, 192 women; mean age, 63 years) were evaluated. Pathologically, 24 of the 643 lesions were diagnosed as gastric cancer; the others were noncancerous lesions. For diagnosis of gastric cancer, the negative predictive value of each of the three magnified findings (irregular microvascular pattern, irregular microsurface pattern, and demarcation line) was high (nearly 100 %). According to the "VS classification" system, either ME-NBI or ME-AIM had a higher specificity (99.5 % or 99.4 % vs. 89.5 %, P < 0.001) and accuracy (99.2 % or 98.9 % vs. 89.0 %, P < 0.001) than WLE, and ME-AIM was not superior to ME-NBI for identifying carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced ME is useful for correctly diagnosing early gastric cancer, and in contrast with ME-AIM, ME-NBI is a more feasible and efficient method for clinical practice.

Is smart carbon emission reduction justified in China? Evidence from national big data comprehensive pilot zones.

The intelligent revolution caused by new digital technologies has provided new impetus to reduce carbon emissions. However, the current research on new digital technologies and carbon emissions is still in its infancy and lacks empirical conclusions between them. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of new digital technologies on carbon emissions, identifies its mechanism, and analyzes the regional heterogeneity of its effects. This research treats the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zones pilot in China as a quasi-natural experiment for the development of new digital technologies along with city-level data covering from 2011 to 2019 to conduct a staggered difference-in-difference (DID) model analysis. We find that new digital technologies significantly reduce carbon emissions. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests such as heterogeneity treatment effect analysis, ex-ante trend test, spillover effect test, and placebo test. Additionally, new digital technologies can reduce carbon emissions by promoting the transformation of industrial structure, improving the level of green technology innovation, and promoting industrial agglomeration. At the same time, the heterogeneity analysis shows that new digital technologies' carbon emission reduction effect is more evident in non-western regions, southern regions, and large cities. To expand the carbon emission reduction effect of new digital technologies, the government should promote the development and application of new digital technologies, and implement differentiated policies based on regional characteristics.

The ctDNA-based postoperative molecular residual disease status in different subtypes of early-stage breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Early-stage, non-metastatic breast cancer is considered curable after definitive treatment. Early detection of tumor recurrence and metastasis through sensitive biomarkers is helpful for guiding clinical decision-making and early intervention in second-line treatment, which could improve patient prognosis and survival. Methods: In this real-world study, we retrospectively analyzed 82 patients with stages I to III breast cancer who had been analyzed by molecular residual disease (MRD) assay. A total of 82 tumor tissues and 224 peripheral blood samples were collected and detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on a 1,021-gene panel in this study. Results: MRD positivity was detected in 18 of 82 patients (22.0%). The hormone receptor-/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ (HR-/HER2+) subgroup had the highest postoperative MRD detection rate at 30.8% (4/13). The BRCA2 and SLX4 genes were significantly enriched in all patients in the MRD positive group and FGFR1 amplification was significantly enriched in the MRD negative group with HR+/HER2-. The number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in tissue samples of MRD-positive patients was higher than that of MRD-negative patients (11.94 vs. 8.50 SNVs/sample). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that there was a similar biological function of the tumor-mutated genes in the 2 MRD status groups. Conclusions: This real-world study confirmed that patient samples of primary tumor tissue with different MRD status and molecular subtypes had differential genetic features, which may be used to predict patients at high risk for recurrence.

Placing the Blame: What If "They" REALLY Are Responsible?

The new coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, has resurrected a number of historical and sociological problems associated with naming and blaming collectives for the origin or transmission of infectious disease. The default example of the false accusation in 2020 has been the case of the charge of well poisoning against the Jews of Western Europe causing the pandemic of the Black Death during the fourteenth century. Equally apparent is the wide-spread accusation that Asians are collectively responsible for the spread of the present pandemic. Yet querying group actions in times of pandemics is not solely one of rebutting false attributions. What happens when a collective is at fault, and how does the collective respond to the simultaneous burden of both false, stereotypical accusations and appropriate charges of culpability? The case studies here are of Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) communities and the PRC during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19.

Icaritin enhances the efficacy of cetuximab against triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a greater risk of recurrence and metastasis along with a worse prognosis compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Studies have revealed that mitogenic estrogen signaling is involved in the malignant proliferation of TNBC cells through a novel variant of the estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor α-36 (ER-α36). The results of the present study demonstrated that knockdown of ER-α36 expression in TNBC cells using short hairpin RNA inhibited rapid estrogen signaling bypass activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, the ER-α36 modulator icaritin inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, it was revealed that the combination of icaritin and cetuximab, a therapeutic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) neutralizing antibody, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation synergistically in TNBC cells. The results of the present study improved the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of TNBC progression and supported the therapeutic potential of combined treatment targeting the ER-α36 and EGFR.

Inhibition of the ALDH18A1-MYCN positive feedback loop attenuates MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma growth.

MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (NB) is characterized by poor prognosis, and directly targeting MYCN has proven challenging. Here, we showed that aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1 (ALDH18A1) exerts profound impacts on the proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity of NB cells and is a potential risk factor in patients with NB, especially those with MYCN amplification. Mechanistic studies revealed that ALDH18A1 could both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally regulate MYCN expression, with MYCN reciprocally transactivating ALDH18A1 and thus forming a positive feedback loop. Using molecular docking and screening, we identified an ALDH18A1-specific inhibitor, YG1702, and demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ALDH18A1 was sufficient to induce a less proliferative phenotype and confer tumor regression and prolonged survival in NB xenograft models, providing therapeutic insights into the disruption of this reciprocal regulatory loop in MYCN-amplified NB.

Clinical efficacy observation of omalizumab on patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma for one year / 中华预防医学杂志

To observe the symptom control, pulmonary function changes and safety of use of omalizumab in patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma for 1 year. A small sample self-controlled study before and after treatment was conducted to retrospective analysis involved 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma who received omalizumab therapy for 12 months in Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. The clinical symptoms and pulmonary function changes were compared before treatment, after 6 months and 12 months of treatment, and the clinical data such as the use of other drugs and adverse reactions were observed. Statistical data are collected using the median method, and non-parametric paired Wilcoxon analysis was used for pairwise comparison. Before treatment with omalizumab, the patients' FeNO value was 79(58, 121) ppb, and the total serum IgE was 228(150.5, 345.5) IU/ml. After 6 months of omalizumab therapy, the percent predicted value of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) before inhaled bronchodilator increased from 86.70(82.65, 91.35)% to 90.90(87.70, 95.85)% (Z=-3.626, P<0.001). The FEV1%pred after inhaled bronchodilator increased from 92.60(85.75, 96.90)% to 94.30(89.95, 98.15)% (Z=-2.178, P=0.029). The absolute value of improvement in FEV1 decreased from 150(95, 210)ml to 50(20, 125) ml (Z=-2.796, P=0.005), and the improvement rate decreased from 6.60(3.80, 7.85)% to 1.90(0.75, 4.85)% (Z=-2.922, P=0.003). After 12 months of treatment, the FEV1%pred before inhaled bronchodilator further increased to 92.90 (91.60, 98.15)% (Z=-3.575, -2.818, and P<0.001, 0.005 compared with before treatment and 6 months after treatment, respectively). The FEV1%pred after inhaled bronchodilator increased to 96.80 (91.90, 101.25)% (Z=-3.622, -1.638, and P<0.001, 0.008 compared with before treatment and after 6 months of treatment, respectively). The absolute value of improvement in FEV1 was 70 (35, 120) ml (P=0.004, 0.842 before treatment and 6 months after treatment, respectively), and the improvement rate was 3.0(1.0, 5.0)% (Z=-2.960, -0.166, and P=0.003, 0.868, compared with before treatment and after 6 months of treatment, respectively). After 12 months of treatment, ACT increased from 13 (10.5, 18) before treatment to 24 (23, 25) (Z=-3.626,P<0.001). Only 1 patient experienced an injection site skin reaction during treatment. Therefore, after 6 months and 12 months of treatment with omalizumab, the patient's lung function improved and symptoms were relieved, which could effectively prevent the acute exacerbation of asthma. Omalizumab treatment is safe and well tolerated, and no effect on blood pressure and blood glucose was observed.

TCR and CD28 Concomitant Stimulation Elicits a Distinctive Calcium Response in Naive T Cells.

T cell activation is initiated upon ligand engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory receptors. The CD28 molecule acts as a major costimulatory receptor in promoting full activation of naive T cells. However, despite extensive studies, why naive T cell activation requires concurrent stimulation of both the TCR and costimulatory receptors remains poorly understood. Here, we explore this issue by analyzing calcium response as a key early signaling event to elicit T cell activation. Experiments using mouse naive CD4+ T cells showed that engagement of the TCR or CD28 with the respective cognate ligand was able to trigger a rise in fluctuating calcium mobilization levels, as shown by the frequency and average response magnitude of the reacting cells compared with basal levels occurred in unstimulated cells. The engagement of both TCR and CD28 enabled a further increase of these two metrics. However, such increases did not sufficiently explain the importance of the CD28 pathways to the functionally relevant calcium responses in T cell activation. Through the autocorrelation analysis of calcium time series data, we found that combined but not separate TCR and CD28 stimulation significantly prolonged the average decay time (τ) of the calcium signal amplitudes determined with the autocorrelation function, compared with its value in unstimulated cells. This increasement of decay time (τ) uniquely characterizes the fluctuating calcium response triggered by concurrent stimulation of TCR and CD28, as it could not be achieved with either stronger TCR stimuli or by co-engaging both TCR and LFA-1, and likely represents an important feature of competent early signaling to provoke efficient T cell activation. Our work has thus provided new insights into the interplay between the TCR and CD28 early signaling pathways critical to trigger naive T cell activation.

Effect of Ga2O3 on the spectroscopic properties of erbium-doped boro-bismuth glasses.

The spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+-doped Bi2O3-B2O3-Ga2O3 glasses are investigated experimentally. The effect of Ga2O3 content on absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega t (t=2, 4, 6), fluorescence spectra and the lifetimes of Er3+:4I 13/2 level are also investigated, and the stimulated emission cross-section is calculated from McCumber theory. With the increasing of Ga2O3 content in the glass composition, the Omega t (t=2, 4, 6) parameters, fluorescence full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the 4I 13/2 lifetimes of Er3+ first increase, reach its maximum at Ga2O3=8 mol.%, and then decrease. The results show that Er3+-doped 50Bi2O3-42B2O3-8Ga2O3 glass has the broadest FWHM (81nm) and large stimulated emission cross-section (1.03 x1 0(-20)cm2) in these glass samples. Compared with other glass hosts, the gain bandwidth properties of Er+3-doped Bi2O3-B2O3-Ga2O3 glass is better than tellurite, silicate, phosphate and germante glasses. In addition, the lifetime of 4I 13/2 level of Er(3+) in bismuth-based glass, compared with those in other glasses, is relative low due to the high-phonon energy of the B-O bond, the large refractive index of the host and the existence of OH* in the glass. At the same time, the glass thermal stability is improved in which the substitution of Ga2O3 for B2O3 strengthens the network structure. The suitability of bismuth-based glass as a host for a Er3+-doped broadband amplifier and its advantages over other glass hosts are also discussed.

Role of 3-methyladenine in uric acid-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on uric acid (UA)-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods:(1) Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, treatment with 3-MA group, hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) group, and HN+3-MA group, with 6 rats in each group. According to the body weight of the rats, adenine (100 mg/kg) and potassium oxonate (1 500 mg/kg) were mixed with distilled water to make a suspension, and the rats were given intragastrically once daily for consecutive 21 days to establish HN rat model. The control group and the 3-MA treatment group were fed an equivalent amount of distilled water. At the same time, the 3-MA treatment group and the HN+3-MA group were intraperitoneally injected with 3-MA (15 mg/kg), and the control group and HN group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of saline once daily for 21 consecutive days. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) was used to observe renal cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and localization of cleaved caspase-3 in renal tissue. (2) Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were stimulated with UA (800 μmol/L), and cells were administrated with different concentrations of 3-MA or Beclin-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with the normal rats, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in the HN group was significantly increased ( P<0.01), and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly up-regulated (both P<0.05). Compared with the HN group, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in the HN+3-MA group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01). In addition, high level of uric acid could significantly increase the levels of apoptosis associated proteins in HK-2 cells (all P<0.05), and using different concentrations of 3-MA or transfecting with Beclin-1 siRNA could significantly reduce the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Autophagy plays an important role in uric acid-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Inhibiting the excessive activation of autophagy may be a new strategy to prevent the progression of HN.

Supplementing sodiumhyaluronate intra-articular injection with Baduanjin exercise improves the treatment of knee osteoarthritis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To document the clinical efficacy of supplementing intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate with Baduanjin exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Forty patients with KOA were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 20. Both groups received health education and intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate once a week for 5 consecutive weeks. The observation group additionally underwent Baduanjin exercise 3 times a week for the 5 weeks. Before and after the treatment, knee joint function, pain and surface integrated electromyography (iEMG) values of the affected quadriceps were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index Scale, and a visual analogue scale (VAS).Results:After the treatment the average VAS and WOMAC scores of both groups had decreased significantly, while the average iEMG value of the quadriceps on the affected side had increased significantly. The average VAS and WOMAC scores of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group′s averages after the treatment, while the average iEMG value of the quadriceps on the affected side was significantly higher.Conclusion:Combining Baduanjin exercise with sodium hyaluronate joint injection in the treatment of KOA has a synergistic effect which can better relieve knee pain, improve knee functioning, and delay the progression of KOA. The combined treatment is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Role of histone deacetylase 6 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells and activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of (histone deacetylase 6, HDAC6) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells and the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and rat renal interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups: control group, Tubastatin A (TA) group (treated with 10 μmol/L HDAC6 inhibitor TA for 36 h), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) group (10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 36 h), and TGF-β1+TA group (treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 10 μmol/L TA for 36 h). The expression levels of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, E-cadherin, HDAC6, acetyl histone H3, histone H3, acetyl α-tubulin, α-tubulin, TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) 1, p-Smad3, Smad3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p-EGFR in HK-2 and NRK-49F cell samples were detected by Western blotting, and quantitative analysis was performed according to gray level. Results:(1) In HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1, TA decreased the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen I, and increased the expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin. Meanwhile, TA decreased the expression of HDAC6 and increased the expression levels of acetyl histone H3 and acetyl α-tubulin (all P<0.05). (2) Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the expressions of TGF-βR1, p-Smad3, CTGF and p-EGFR in TGF-β1+TA group were decreased (all P<0.05), while the total protein levels of Smad3 and EGFR were not significantly different (both P>0.05). (3) In NRK-49F cells stimulated by TGF-β1, TA decreased the expressions of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen I, TGF-βR1 and p-Smad3 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Blockade of HDAC6 by TA may inhibit the EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts via regulating multiple signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad3, CTGF and EGFR.

miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p Sponges Up-regulate Kiss1 and Affect the Onset of Puberty and Estrous Cycle of Female Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Kisspeptin, the neuropeptide produced by Kiss1 neurons in the hypothalamus, is involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of puberty initiation, reproductive system maturation, ovulation and other processes by influencing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Kiss1 gene expression is regulated by multiple trans-regulatory factors and epigenetics. Prediction and preliminary experiments have shown that the seed sequences of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p can directly bind to the 3′-UTR of Kiss1 and inhibit the expression of Kiss1. In order to further study the role of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p in the regulation of Kiss1, specific absorptive sponge vectors (sponge-miR-92a and sponge-miR-25) with inhibitory effects on miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p were constructed to realize the functional loss of miRNA. Flow cytometry and dual luciferase reporter assays both confirmed that both sponge vectors could adsorb exogenous or endogenous target miRNAs very effectively. The sponge-miR-92a and sponge-miR-25 vectors are further packaged into the lentivirus LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of Kiss1 in the hypothalamic primary neurons infected by LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 05). After injecting LV-sponge-miR-92a into the hypothalamus, the time of female mouse vulva opening was significantly earlier (P<0. 05). The normal oestrus cycle of female mice with was disrupted by injections of LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25 in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, we successfully constructed sponge vectors capable of effectively adsorbing miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p, and demonstrated their role in removing the inhibition of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p on Kiss1. Hypothalamic sponge injection had a certain effect on both the time of vulva opening and the estrus cycle of female mice, suggesting that miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p may play an important role in the initiation of puberty and reproductive maturity.

Correlation analysis of valproic acid and its metabolites to hepatotoxicity / 药学实践杂志

Objective To analyze the correlation of valproic acid and its metabolites (2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, 3-hydroxy valproic acid,5-hydroxy valproic acid) with liver injury reference index. Methods 328 plasma samples from epilepsy patients were collected and divided into two groups（123 samples from patients with abnormal liver function, experimental group; 205 samples from patients with normal liver function, control group）.The plasma concentrations of valproic acid and its metabolites in the two groups were determined by LC-MS/MS method and the diagnostic value of the concentrations to liver disfunction was analyzed by ROC curve. Results The mean plasma concentration of valproic acid and its three metabolites in the patients with abnormal liver function was higher than that in the control group with was statistically difference（P<0.05）.The concentration of valproic acid and its metabolites could be used as a reference for the diagnosis of liver injury,5-hydroxy valproic acid had better diagnostic value than valproic acid. Conclusion The metabolites of valproic acid were associated with hepatotoxicity, which could be used as a diagnostic index of liver injury and could be a reference for clinical safe application of valproic acid.

Research progress of valproic acid genomics / 药学实践杂志

Valproic acid is a commonly used and broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug in clinical practice with a narrow therapeutic window. Valproic acid has a great individual difference in its metabolism which is influenced by many factors. The gene polymorphism of drug metabolic enzymes is one of the critical factors. Through consulting relevant articles, the affection of genomics and clinical treatment on valproic acid clinical application were reviewed in this paper, which provided a reference for clinical individualized treatment.

Effect of stored autologous blood transfusion on function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of stored autologous blood transfusion on the function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and the recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits.Methods:Thirty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 3-6 months, weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), operation group (O group), blood collection group (O+ B group), stored autologous whole blood group (O+ WB group) and stored autologous component blood group (O+ CB group). In O+ B group, O+ WB group and O+ CB group, blood was collected via the right femoral artery at a rate of 3-5 ml/min at 7 days before surgery, the blood volume was 10% of the total blood volume, and blood was stored at 4-6 ℃.In O+ CB group, blood was centrifuged to remove plasma and white blood cells, and red blood cell suspension was prepared and placed in a blood storage bag.In O, O+ B, O+ WB and O+ CB groups, hepatectomy was performed, and bleeding was performed through the right femoral artery at a rate of 3-5 ml/min, and the blood volume was 10% of the total blood volume.Lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/min was intravenously infused during surgery in O and O+ B groups, stored autologous whole blood was intravenously infused during surgery in group O+ WB, and stored autologous red blood cell suspension 1 ml/min was intravenously infused during surgery in group O+ CB.Bone marrow blood samples were collected immediately before the start of surgery (T 2) and at 6 and 24 h after surgery (T 3, 4) to determine the percentage of CD34 + cells, cell cycle and relative expression of telomere DNA.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before storage (T 1) and at T 4 for determination of the percentage of reticulocytes. Results:Compared with group C, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in group O, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in the remaining 4 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 2-4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in O+ B, O+ WB and O+ CB groups, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in O+ WB and O+ CB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O+ B, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in O+ WB and O+ CB groups, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was decreased at T 4 in O+ WB and O+ CB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with O+ WB group, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly decreased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G 1 phase was increased, the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was down-regulated, and the percentage of reticulocytes in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in group O+ CB ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Stored autologous blood transfusion can inhibit the function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and is not helpful for recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits; stored autologous component blood transfusion has less effect on the hematopoietic function of bone marrow than stored autologous whole blood transfusion.

Comparison of six serological methods for diagnosis of brucellosis in clinical application / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of six serological methods for diagnosis of brucellosis.Methods:Totally 160 cases of brucellosis patients were selected as the case group and 235 cases of health medical examiners were selected as the control group from January to June 2018 in Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau General Hospital. Six methods were used for detection of brucellosis, including Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT), fluorescence polarization assay (FPA), indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), cysteine agglutination test, standard tube agglutination test (SAT), and anti-globulin test (Coomb's). The consistency of the 4 preliminary screening methods (RBPT vs FPA, iELISA, cysteine agglutination test), and 2 diagnosis methods (SAT vs Coomb's) was compared, and the sensitivity, specificity, rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were analyzed. Results:In the preliminary screening methods, the consistency of RBPT with FPA and iELISA was relatively consistent (Kappa = 0.872, 0.784), and the consistency with cysteine agglutination test was generally consistent (Kappa = 0.543). In the diagnosis methods, the consistency between SAT and Coomb's was relatively consistent (Kappa = 0.861). The sensitivity of FPA, iELISA, cysteine agglutination test and Coomb's was 91.03%, 75.00%, 56.41% and 80.14%, respectively. The specificity was 95.81%, 100.00%, 98.74% and 100.00%, respectively. The rates of missed diagnosis were 8.97%, 25.00%, 43.59% and 19.86%, respectively. The rates of misdiagnosis were 4.19%, 0, 1.26%, and 0, respectively.Conclusions:FPA and iELISA have high sensitivity and specificity, and are suitable for clinical promotion. The combined detection of multiple serological methods will reduce the probability of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of brucellosis, thereby improving the diagnostic level of brucellosis.

Correlation Between RhoA Gene in Wnt/PCP Signaling Pathway and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of AECOPD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) gene in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome, attempting to provide an objective standard for the diagnosis of AECOPD TCM syndrome. Method: The 100 AECOPD patients were collected and divided into 5 groups:phlegm turbid obstructing lung syndrome,, phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome, syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm, deficiency of pulmonary and renal Qi, and edema due to yang deficiency, with 20 people in each group. 15 normal people were selected as a normal control group. All patients received fasting hemospasia, using a kit to extract blood total RibonucleicA(RNA) according to instructions. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of RhoA gene in blood of patients with AECOPD TCM syndrome, and to explore the correlation. Result: There was no difference between phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome group and syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm group. The mRNA expression of RhoA gene in phlegm turbid obstructing lung syndrome group, phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome group, syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm group, deficiency of pulmonary and renal Qi group, and edema due to Yang deficiency group were significantly higher than that in normal group (PConclusion: The significant difference in mRNA relative expression of RhoA gene in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway among the five AECOPD TCM syndrome groups may provide some objective diagnostic criteria for AECOPD TCM syndromes and reveal their disease severity.

Effects of different hemoglobin concentrations on lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of different hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations on the lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS-R).@*Methods@#Fifty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 1.9-2.4 kg, were divided into 5 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), HS-R group (group H), and three HS-R plus infusion of concentrated red blood cell groups group R1 (60 g/L≤Hb<80 g/L), group R2 (80 g/L≤Hb<100 g/L) and group R3 (100 g/L≤Hb<120 g/L). The animals were sacrificed at 3 h after resuscitation, lung tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope, and lung tissues were obtained again for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO level and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).@*Results@#Compared with group C, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly increased in the other groups (P<0.05). Compared with group H, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in R2 and R3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with group R2, the apoptosis index was significantly increased at T5(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group R3 (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maintaining Hb 80-100 g/L after HS-R reduces acute lung injury in rabbits.