Genetic Features of Tongue Cancer Recurrence in Young Adults.

To identify genetic alterations associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults, whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor, recurrence, and whole blood samples from young patients with tongue cancer was performed. A frameshift mutation in the TP53 gene was detected in the primary tumor and recurrence tumor tissue. A mutation in the EPHB6 gene was detected in the recurrence and was absent in the primary tumor. In addition, the primary tumor and recurrence tongue cancer tissue harbored amplification of the 20p13 region containing C20orf96, DEFB125, DEFB126, DEFB127, DEFB128, DEFB129, DEFB132, and ZCCHC3 genes. Thus, genetic alterations have been identified that are associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults.

[Ankylosing hyperostosis Forestier, simulating a neoplasm of the larynx]. / Ankiloziruyushchii giperostoz Forest'e, simulirovavshii novoobrazovanie gortanoglotki.

RELEVANCE: Forestier syndrome, despite its appearance as an independent disease in the 60s of the last century, remains as difficult to diagnose. This is due to a number of factors: age group, late treatment, insufficient knowledge of pathology. The timely detection of pathology is complicated by the similarity of the clinical picture in the early stages of its manifestation with a number of orthopedic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of the clinical observation of Forestier syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material for this work was a clinical case of a person who applied to the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center with a directional oncological diagnosis of the larynx and a preemptively installed tracheostomy. RESULTS: The patient underwent surgical treatment in the form of removal of overgrown bone osteophytes of the thoracic spine with simultaneous disappearance of symptoms of the disease. CONCLUSION: This clinical observation clearly demonstrates the need for a comprehensive analysis of the clinical situation as a whole with a careful assessment of all factors that can influence it and the process of forming a diagnosis. Knowledge of conditions that can mimic a tumor lesion is extremely important for oncologists of all specialties. This allows you to avoid an erroneous diagnosis and choosing the wrong, possibly crippling treatment tactics. It should also be remembered that the oncological diagnosis is based, first of all, on morphological confirmation of the tumor process with a detailed assessment of the data of all additional imaging research methods.

PECULIARITIES OF 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS DEPENDING ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

The aim of the work was to study the influence of the functional state of the thyroid gland on the peculiarities of the clinical course of arterial hypertension (AH) and indicators of Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The study included 130 patients with AH, of whom: Group 1-50 patients with AH in combination with hypothyroidism (mean age - 56,34±10,23 years, mean duration of AH - 8,76±6,81 years, duration of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism - 9,38±5,70 years); Group 2-50 patients with AH in combination with thyrotoxicosis (mean age 52,62±12,70 years, mean duration of AH -6,54±4,02 years, duration of thyrotoxicosis - 3,90±2,56 years). The control group consisted of 30 patients with AH, who were statistically comparable in age - 56,23±7,64 years, duration of AH -8,87±4,45 years, in whom thyroid dysfuctation was excluded during the examination. Patients underwent ABPM after achievement of the target systolic blood pressure (SAR) level ˂ 140 mm Hg against the background of the prescribed antihypertensive therapy. Patients with AH, both in the presence of hypothyroidism and in the presence of thyrotoxicosis have worse control of blood pressure than patients with AH without thyroid dysfunction, and reliably more often have masked uncontrolled hypertension (p1-2=0.232; p1-k=0.003; p2-k=0.036). In patients with AH and hypothyroidism when reaching the office ADS ˂ 140 mm Hg against the background of the prescribed antihypertensive therapy, the level of thyroid hormone > 5.96 мМЕ∕ l is an independent factor, which is associated with the lack of adequate control of ADS at night (according to the results of ROC - analysis). In patients with AH and thyrotoxicosis when reaching the office ADS ˂140 mm Hg against the background of prescribed antihypertensive therapy, the level of thyrotrophic hormone ≤0.1 мМЕ∕l is an independent factor, which is associated with the lack of adequate control of ADS at night (according to the results of ROC - analysis).

[REACTION OF PAROTID GLAND MAST CELLS TO CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION].

The goal of this study was to examine the localization and the structural and functional features of mast cells (MC) in the parotid gland in chronic alcohol intoxication. The study was conducted on 15 adult outbred albino male rats receiving 20% ethanol solution as the sole source of drinking for 2 months. The control group included 10 intact animals. Structural changes in parotid salivary glands were studied in paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin­eosin. MC were demonstrated in cryostat sections stained by Unna's method; their topography, degranulationwere evaluated and their number per field of vision was counted. Serotonin content was assessed quantitatively by using fluorescent microscopy and cytospectrophotometry. In chronic alcohol intoxication, marked variability was demonstrated in the shape of the secretory portions and the size of their glandular cells, which often showed unstained vacuoles. Interlobular ducts are unevenly dilated, their cells had variable height. The number of MC in the connective tissue layer around the interlobular excretory ducts and blood vessels was increased, most of them were in a state of degranulation. However, the content of serotonin in these areas was not changed significantly compared with that in the control group, presumably due to the fact that serotonin released from MC during degranulation, was actively interacting with numerous fibers and terminals of the autonomic nervous system located here, and was quickly trapped by them. Within the lobules, the amount of MC was increased to a lesser extent than in the area of interlobular ducts, but 80% of them were in a state of pronounced degranulation, often with complete disintegration of the cytoplasm. These cells apparently served as the sources of serotonin, the number of which significantly increased in the area of secretory portions. It is suggested that the increased concentrations of serotonin in the area of the secretory portions indicates that under the influence of alcohol intoxication the additional paracrine regulatory mechanisms were activated in the gland, which contributed to its functional activity, aimed at accelerating the excretion of ethanol and its toxic products of metabolism.

[Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 oncogene variants in cell lines of different origin].

It is well known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread infection in the human population. Typically, infection occurs in early childhood without serious consequences for infected people. At the same time, a secondary infection with an additional EBV strain occurs quite often. During the in vitro cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons infected with multiple strains of the virus, only one of these strains with higher transforming potential becomes dominant, while the others are eliminated. Under certain conditions, such a highly transforming EBV strain apparently is able to be the etiologic agent of EBVassociated diseases. To find out the range of highly transforming EBV strains prevalent among Russians, cell lines from patients with EBV-associated and non-associated tumors, as well as healthy individuals, were established. The structural analysis of the latent membrane protein 1 gene (LMP1), a key oncogene of the virus, isolated from established cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes of blood donors was carried out, and data obtained were compared with the respective data for LMP1 isolates, amplified from cell lines established from African and Japanese patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The data obtained show a genetic relationship between Russian LMP1 isolates regardless the fact whether they come from patients with tumors or healthy individuals and differ significantly from LMP1 isolates from Burkitt's lymphoma patients. Thus, the results of the study suggest that in nonendemic region for EBV-associated pathology, Russia, any strain of EBV with any structure of LMP1 with concomitant effect of additional factors may become an etiologic agent for EBV-associated neoplasia.

[SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES].

The serological and phytotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of plant pathogens--Pantoea agglomerans were studied. It is known that the thin variations in the structure of the O-specific polysaccharides determining serological specificity of gram- negative bacteria and used as a molecular basis of serological classification schemes. For P. agglomerans still does not exist a classification scheme based on serology specificity of their LPS. The results of cross serological tests demonstrate immunochemical heterogeneity of species P agglomerans. Only three strains of the 8488, 8490 and 7969 according to the agglutination of O-antigens and direct hemagglutination and inhibition direct hemagglutination can be attributed to a single serogroup. Other strains--each separate group, although some have a relationship. Compared with control plants under the influence of seed treatment of LPS in plants may be reduced, and in some cases increased root length, height and weight sprout, depending on the strain from which the selected LPS. Dive seedlings of tomatoes in the solutions of the studied preparations FSC caused the loss, and after some time, restore turgor.

Dynamics of neurotransmitters in the structures of the rat jejunum during chronic alcohol intoxication.

We studied the effects of ethanol on bioamine-containing structures in the jejunum at different stages of alcohol intoxication. The content of catecholamines, serotonin, and histamine in enterocytes of the villus epithelium, submucosa mast cells, crypt enterocytes, and muscular layer was measured by luminescent microscopy and cytospectrofluorometry. Uneven increase of biogenic amine content was found in rats in the initial period of chronic alcohol intoxication (60 days). Further alcohol intake (up to 180 days) impaired the balance of biogenic amines; catecholamines started to prevail.

Studies of homogeneous "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase from Escherichia coli K-12. Some kinetic properties and molecular multiplicity.

"Biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) was purified to a homogeneous state with 29% yield of total activity from Escherichia coli K-12. The homogeneity of the enzyme was shown by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulphate. The enzyme consisted of equal subunits having a molecular weight of about 57 000. The polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis has shown that the native enzyme consisted of a set of oligomeric forms. The multiplicity of molecular organization of the enzyme was reflected in complicated kinetic behaviour: at pH greater than 9 on the plots of initial reaction rate (v) versus initial substrate concentration ([S]o) there were four inflexion points (two intermediate plateaux), the position and deepness of which depended on enzyme concentration. At pH 8.3 on the v versus [S]o plots appeared two inflexion points (one intermediate plateu), the position of which practically did not depend on enzyme concentration in the reaction mixture, but strongly depended on the enzyme concentration in the stock solution. Repeated polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of several oligomeric forms, isolated by the first electrophoresis, has shown that the oligomeric forms underwent a slow polymerization. It was suggested that "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase from E. coli K-12 is a set of multiple oligomeric forms, having different kinetic parameters. Probably, each form of the enzyme has a "simple" kinetics characterized by hyperbolic or sigmoidal shape of v versus [S]o plots. The rate of equilibrium installation between the oligomeric forms was small in comparison with the enzyme reaction velocity, that lead to the complex kinetic curves, appearing as a result of summing up of the kinetics inherent to theindividual forms.

Detection and characterization of T-cell leukemia virus-like proviral sequences in PBL and tissues of baboons by PCR.

The "high lymphoma-prone" baboon stock (Papio hamadryas) of the Sukhumi Primate Center colony is characterized by a high prevalence of antibodies to the STLV-I/HTLV-I type of retrovirus and a high manifestation of human ATL-type (adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) malignancies (Yakovleva et al., this symposium). This is in contrast to other primate colonies and wild monkeys, which have low seroprevalence and very few if any ATL-type T-cell malignancies. To characterize the type of T-cell lymphoma retrovirus involved in the Sukhumi disease, a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) DNA analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and of various tissues of healthy "at-risk", or ill baboons was performed. Proviral STLV/HTLV sequences were detected in all monkeys with symptoms of T-cell malignancy and/or antibodies to STLV-I/HTLV-I. For precise identification and characterization of the Sukhumi T-cell lymphoma virus, parts of the virus genome were mapped and sequenced from PCR derived fragments. A 420 nucleotide fragment of the env (gp 46) gene (analysed from 3 different DNA's) revealed 16.2% nucleotide divergence to the Japanese strain of HTLV-I and 14.8% to the Japanese strain of STLV-I including one deletion of a triplet. On the level of amino acid (a.a) sequence this revealed an exchange of 6 a.a. to STLV-I (4.3%), but only of 4 a.a. to HTLV-I (2.8%). The analysis of 120 nucleotides of the tax sequence (identical in 6 different DNAs) resulted in 5% nucleotide divergence to the HTLV-I (2.4% on the a.a. level) and 10% (7.3% a.a.) to the STLV-1. These results indicate that the Sukhumi T-cell lymphoma virus is a representative of the T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus family, apparently more closely related to HTLV-I than to STLV-I genome. Furthermore, the infected monkeys from Sukhumi develop at a high rate a T-cell malignancy not observed among other baboons carrying STLV.

[Pain fluctuations in Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To specify the character of pain syndromes and determine their relationship with main symptoms of ON and OFF periods in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa medications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (27 women and 13 men), mean age 69.2±8 years (from 62 to 85 years), illness duration 9.2±1.2 years (from 7 to 11 years), duration of treatment with levodopa 6.9±1.2 years (from 5 to 9 years). The severity of disease course, character and intensity of pain syndrome were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We described pain syndromes that had differences in the pathogenesis and localization. Adjustment of the antiparkinsonian treatment resulted in the decrease in their severity. Motor fluctuations and drug-induced dyskinesia that was accompanied by pain sensations were the most frequent signs of Parkinson's disease during its progression. The pain syndrome was related to main symptoms of the ON and OFF period in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa. The pain fluctuations had both nociceptive and central neuropathic pain phenotypes.

Notes on the mechanism of postvaccination immunity in Marek's disease.

The investigated 16th and 45th in vitro passages of non-pathogenic variant 83 of the Kekava strain Marek's disease virus have led in chickens to resistance to Marek's disease by introduction of the above-mentioned virus 14 days before application of pathogenic variant 55 of the Kekava strain Marek's disease virus. Simultaneous administration of both variants of the Kekava strains Marek's disease virus did not protect chickens from the disease. Presence in those variants of the Kekava strain Marek's disease virus of genetic markers manifesting themselves on passaging the virus in chicken fibroblast cultures created the possibility to investigate interrelations between them in the organism of chickens, utilizing in isolation of the virus the method of infecting cultures with chicken fibroblasts. The results of isolation of the virus from the blood cells of vaccinated chickens have shown that in their organism there is interference between those virus variants since the frequency of isolation of the pathogenic virus variant was 3-times lower than that of the apathogenic Kekava strain Marek's disease virus, and both virus variants persisted in various cells. After simultaneous administration of both virus variants to chickens equal amounts of the pathogenic and of the apathogenic Kekava strain Marek's disease virus were isolated from their blood cells. In that case also persistance of both virus variants in one cell may occur.

Inbreeding, heterozygosity, and lymphoma risk among the baboons (Papio hamadryas) of Sukhumi, USSR.

This paper describes the spread of lymphoma through a baboon (Papio hamadryas) colony in the Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy at Sukhumi, USSR. In the late 1960s, Soviet scientists inoculated 12 baboons with cells from hospitalized human leukemia patients, causing the death of a total of 135 animals between 1967 and 1978. The death rate from lymphoma averages almost 12 baboons per year in the Sukhumi colony. Genetic investigations of these baboons revealed the following: 1) Six blood protein markers out of 16 systems (38%) tested were polymorphic; 2) the average inbreeding coefficient for the entire colony (N = 1,226) was 0.027 (exclusion of baboons with F values equal to 0.0 raised the mean inbreeding coefficient to 0.096); 3) no relationship between inbreeding and risk of lymphoma was noted; and 4) there was an apparent association between both PGM loci and the incidence of lymphoma at the 0.005 levels of significance. This association was further supported by the significantly lower incidence of PGM2 (2-1) genotype in baboons with high anti-VCA-HVP titers.

Lymphocyte sensitization detected in lymphomatous hamadryas baboons by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility assay.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from lymphomatous or control Papio hamadryas monkeys were incubated in the presence of KCl-extracted proteins prepared from allogeneic lymphomatous or normal lymph nodes and from a spontaneous baboon hepatoma. Only the lymphomatous baboon lymphocyte-lymphoma antigen interaction product(s) significantly reduced the anodic electrophoretic mobility of guinea pig macrophages.

Attempts ot activate endogenous virus expression with Marek's disease virus DNA.

Several DNAs derived from Marek's disease virus-infected cells and tissues were tested for in vitro infectivity and for the ability to activate avian endogenous type C virus. The DNA isolated from tumour tissue, peripheral blood buffy coat cells, MDV-infected tissue cultures, lymphoblastoid cell lines and feather follicle epithelium cells from MDV-infected birds elicited a negative response in transfection assays. The MDV DNAs isolated did not activate the endogenous type C virus from cell cultures derived from the C, I and M chicken lines. Activation was observed only in one experiment in the early period after transfection with MDV DNA. The treatment with DNase destroyed this MDV DNA activity, and lambda phage DNA and cell DNAs did not activate the endogenous viruses. Repeated experiments failed to confirm the early activation of endogenous viruses.

Transgenic potato plants expressing soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase gene exhibit an increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans.

Soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase represents a model system for studies on early plant responses to infection by fungal pathogens, and it has been implicated in the release of elicitors from fungal cell walls. In the present study, potato plants were transformed with the soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase cDNA via Agrobacterium delivery system. The transfer of the gene into potato genome was confirmed by (i) PCR amplification, (ii) Northern blot analyses, and (iii) an increase in the activity of beta-1,3-endoglucanase in transgenic plants. The transformation resulted in an increased resistance of selected transgenic plants to infection by Phytophthora infestans, an important pathogen.

Marek's disease virus (Kekava strain) replication in chickens, chick embryos and cell cultures.

In the course of 12 passages of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain Kekava (MDV-Kekava) in chickens, the morbidity varied greatly (from 23 to 50 percent). MDV-Kekava produced plaques in cultures of chick embryo kidney and adult chicken kidney cells and chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The virus adaptation to the cultures was very slow. MDV-Kekava induced the formation of pocks on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of chick embryos but the proportion of embryos with CAM lesions did not exceed 24 percent. Serial passaging of the virus in chick embryos beyond the 5th passage was unsuccessful. The results of virus isolation in chickens, cell cultures and chick embryos indicate the possibility of a long-term latent virus carrier state in chickens without development of tumours.