Exercise Intervention for Patients with Depression: An Evidence Mapping / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.

Exercise Intervention for Patients with Depression: An Evidence Mapping / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.

Comparing the timeliness of three types of influenza surveillance data in mainland China / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the timeliness of the three sets of influenza surveillance data (influenza reported cases from Nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS), influenza-like illness consultation rate (ILI%) and influenza virus positive rate from Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System) in mainland China. Methods The three sets of influenza surveillance data of North and South China from 2017 to 2018 were compared using peak comparison, cross correlation and Early Aberration Reporting System C3 method. Results The influenza epidemic trends reflected by the three sets of influenza surveillance weekly data from 2017 to 2018 were generally consistent and significantly correlated. However, the three sets of data had different timeliness. From 2017 to 2018, ILI% in the North was not timely at alarming the first epidemic peak, which was 6 weeks and 9 weeks later than influenza cases from NIDRIS and positive rate of influenza virus respectively. While in the South, ILI% was the most sensitive indicator, which was 4 weeks and 7 weeks earlier than influenza cases from NIDRIS and positive rate of influenza virus respectively. However, the three sets of data had little difference in the timeliness of the second epidemic peak both in the North and South. Conclusions The three sets of influenza surveillance data in mainland China could all roughly reflected the epidemic trend of influenza. After comparing the timeliness, a combination of influenza reported cases from NIDRIS together with ILI% and influenza virus positive rate could improve timeliness and accuracy for early warning of influenza.

Construction and screening of phage display library for TIM-3 nanobody / 药学学报

Immunotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment that has the potential to treat all types of cancer. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) is a key negative regulator of T cell activation. TIM-3 blockage using anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody therapy has a great appeal and special advantages. Nanobodies, derived from heavy chain fragment in camelid animals, are now proving clinical values in the development of antibody drugs. In this study, we have immunized camel with TIM-3 antigens and then constructed phage display library. Moreover, 29 nanobodies with different complementarity-determining regions sequences have been screened from the phage display library by phage display technology. In addition, we successfully constructed the cell line stably expressing TIM-3, and screened 10 TIM-3 nanobodies with high specificity and high affinity using flow cytometry. Our study will lay the foundation for the future screening and development of anti-TIM-3 whole humanized functional nanobody.

Preliminary study of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exo-somes in repair of spinal cord injury in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the influence of bone marrow mesenchymol stem cell-drived exosomes(BMSC-exo-somes)on hindlimb activity,and the numbers of reactive astrocytes and residual neurons in spinal cord injury(SCI)rats. METHODS:BMSCs were cultured using the whole bone marrow adherent culture method and surface markers CD 90 and CD34 were verified by flow cytometry.Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and the morphology of exosomes was observed under transmission electron microscope.The protein markers CD63 and CD9 were verified by Western blot.After exosomes were applied to SCI rats,the Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale score,the Nissl staining of the lesion site,and the numbers of reactive astrocytes and residual neurons were assessed at various time points.RESULTS:Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed the presence of saucer -shaped vesicles.BMSC-exosomes were found to express high levels of CD63 and CD9.Compared with injury group,significant improvement of hindlimb activity scores from day 14 after injury in treatment group was observed(P<0.05),and less reactive astrocytes and more residual neu-rons from day 7 after injury were also observed(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMSC-exosomes inhibit reactive astrocytes and death of neurons,and improve hindlimb activity in the rats after SCI.

Holistic evaluation of San-Huang Tablets using a combination of multi-wavelength quantitative fingerprinting and radical-scavenging assays / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to establish a multi-wavelength quantitative fingerprinting method for San-Huang Tablets (SHT), a widely used and commercially available herbal preparation, where high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD) was employed to obtain the fingerprint profiles. A simple linear quantitative fingerprint method (SLQFM) coupled with multi-ingredient simultaneous determination was developed to evaluate the quality consistency of the tested samples qualitatively and quantitatively. Additionally, the component-activity relationship between chromatographic fingerprints and total radical-scavenging capacity in vitro (as assessed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay) was investigated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis to predict the antioxidant capacity of new samples from the chromatographic fingerprints and identify the main active constituents that can be used as the target markers for the quality control of SHT. In conclusion, the strategy developed in the present study was effective and reliable, which can be employed for holistic evaluation and accurate discrimination for the quality consistency of SHT preparations and other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and herbal preparations as well.

A preliminary study of plasma microRNA levels in children with methylmalonic acidemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen out differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the plasma of children with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), to determine the expression of miR-9-1 in plasma and to preliminarily evaluate the significance of miR-9-1 as a biomarker in MMA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma was obtained from 17 MMA children, 10 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) children without MMA (HHcy group), and 10 normal controls. Of 17 MMA children, 12 had HHcy (MMA+HHcy group), and 5 had no HHcy (MMA group). The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out by miRNA microarray. Differentially expressed miR-9-1 was selected, and plasma miR-9-1 levels were determined by RT-PCR. Urine was collected from MMA patients who received vitamin B12 treatment, and plasma miR-9-1 levels were determined by RT-PCR after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The miRNA microarray analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were differentially expressed, among which 16 miRNAs (including miR-9-1) were down-regulated over 2 times, while 10 miRNAs were up-regulated over 2 times. The MMA+HHcy , MMA and HHcy groups had significantly down-regulated miR-9-1 compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). The patients who showed a good response to vitamin B12 treatment had significantly increased plasma miR-9-1 levels, without significant difference compared with the normal control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plasma miR-9-1 is significantly down-regulated in MMA patients, but it is significantly up-regulated after vitamin B12 treatment, suggesting that miR-9-1 may act as a biomarker in monitoring the progression of MMA.</p>

Corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation for treating bullous keratopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect for treating bullous keratopathy ( BK ) by anterior corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. METHODS: Totally 35 patients ( 35 eyes ) with bullous keratopathy were treated by corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. All patients preoperative and postoperative underwent anterior segment OCT, corneal topography, corneal sensitivity and confocal microscopy. To observe postoperative ocular symptoms in patients with BK, recurrence of bulla, changes in corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity and changes in the organizational structure of the layers of the cornea. RESULTS: Thirty-five were followed up for 6-18mo. The symptom of pain disappeared in 32 cases ( 91%) in the first day after operation and did not recur during follow-up. The symptom of pain relieved in 3 cases (9%) in the first day after operation and disappeared in 3 days. Corneal epithelium of 9 cases ( 26%) were all healed within 1wk, 21 cases (60%) were all healed within 2wk, and 5 cases (14%) were all healed within 3wk. Following up for 6-18mo, there was no recurrence of symptoms or bulla. A small amount of tiny bubbles in the surrounding area appeared in 2 cases after 3 and 4wk. All patients had no neovascularization, and had smooth corneal surface. The amnions of 30 cases (86%) were thinning after 2mo, partially dissolved and absorped, not seen with the naked eye after 3mo. Thirty-four cases (97%) had no changes in vision, one case (3%) was from the light to front of the manual. After 2mo, corneal sensation decreased in 30 cases ( 86%) , corneal thickness increased from preoperative 788±35μm to 940±43μm. After 12mo, corneal thickness increased to 1060±27μm. Results of confocal microscopy: after 3mo, the number density of the trigeminal nerve fibers under corneal basement membrane reduced, shallow stromal cells became into fibrotic stroma, deep stroma was more loose, and cells swelled significantly. The number of endothelial cells reduced and form swelled more obviously compared with preoperatively. CONCLUSION: Corneal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can effectively control the symptoms of BK, prevent the recurrence of BK, and especially it is a simple, safe and practical way for patients with poor visual function.

Esophageal dynamic and laryngopharyngeal reflux play a role in pathogenesis of vocal cord polyps / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through monitoring esophageal dynamic change, and detection of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux events,to discuss the relationship of vocal cord polyps with laryngopharyngeal reflux.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two patients with vocal cord polyps were diagnosed by electronic laryngoscopy in Nanfang Hospital between October 2011 to May 2012. This study applied high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) and ambulatory 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) to obtain the upper esophageal sphincter(UES) and lower esophageal sphincter pressure, characteristics of sectional esophageal motility; laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)and gastroesophageal reflux events, as well as the reflux properties of substances. Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as normal controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>UES relaxation duration, duration of UES relaxation time, UES relaxation recovery time and mean length of LES were all shorter than those of the control group (t were 2.244, 2.624, 2.310 and -2.397, P < 0.05). There were 40.6% (13/32) LPR and 50.0% (16/32) gastroesophageal reflux found in vocal polyp patients. Median number (M [P25; P75]) of laryngopharyngeal acid reflux events were 0.5[0.0;3.5] and 0.0[0.0;0.0] in vocal polyp group and the controls, median mean time of laryngopharyngeal acid exposure 0.1[0.0;1.7] and 0.0[0.0;0.0] min, median clearance time of laryngopharyngeal acid were 3.5[0.0;53.5] and 0.0[0.0;0.0] s, median scores of DeMeester were 14.8[1.6;31.3] and 1.8[1.1;4.1] and median frequency of total liquid reflux episodes were 46.5[25.3;69.0] and 32.5[20.0;36.3], respectively. The median numbers of laryngopharyngeal acid reflux events, time of acid exposure, time of acid clearance, DeMeester scores and frequency of total liquid reflux episodes were increased or higher in vocal polyp group than those in the controls (z were 2.481, 2.767, 2.767, 2.344 and 1.980, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are upper esophageal sphincter and Lower esophageal sphincter dismotility in vocal polyp patients with LPR. LPR events were dominated by acid reflux in upright position.Esophageal dynamic disfunction and LPR should be considered in the study of the pathogenesis of vocal cords polyps.</p>

Influence of the quantified surface electromyography of sternocleidomastoid on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the correlations between electromyography (EMG) of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP), and intended to quantify the influence of EMG of SCM on cVEMP by recording the EMG of SCM and cVEMP in different head positions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty healthy subjects (60 ears), without the history of ear illnesses, were enrolled in this study. In addition, the recruited subjects also showed favorable differentiation of cVEMP waves induced by Blackman pip cVEMP, and EMG were recorded in different head positions(with sagittal at 90°, 60°,45° and 30°angle), as well as to analyze and quantify the influence of EMG on cVEMP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the case of the different EMG levels: P1 latency, (12.50 ± 2.39)ms; N1 latency, (19.79 ± 3.16)ms, and the latencies shown no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The amplitude was affected by EMG level, there was significant difference between the amplitudes(F = 55.47, P < 0.01). The different head positions on subjects their EMG level or area of EMG effects were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The study found a linear dependence of the amplitude from the EMG levels(r(2) = 0.591, Adjusted-r(2) = 9.590).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cVEMP amplitude increases as a function of EMG target level, and the latency remains constant. The quantized data will increase the amplitude in clinical diagnosis application of sensitivity, and it will improve the diagnosis of the vestibular system diseases and some related diseases.</p>

Research on common laws during membrane enrichment of six herbal volatile oils--physicochemical property and fingerprint similarity / 中国中药杂志

Membrane enrichment process of Chinese medicine volatile oil is green, practical and has a good application prospects. Schizonepetae Herba et al. six chinese medicine oily water were filtrated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with MWCO 70 000, at 40 degrees C, 0.1 MPa and 150 r x min(-1), common laws of physicochemical property of six oily water and fingerprint similarity between original and preserved oil were studied during membrane enrichment. Results were as follows: pH was gradually reduced to the minimum; conductivity firstly became larger, then smaller until 0; viscosity gradually increased to a maximum; surface tension gradually decreased to a minimum; turbidity firstly gradually increased, then reduced to a minimum; density gradually decreased to a minimum, but the change trend was opposite for Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma with heavy oil; salinity was 0. In the end, pH reached a maximum and density reached a maximum (contrary for Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) and the other physicochemical property values reached a minimum for the last permeate. Fingerprint similarity between original and enriched volatile oil was above 90%. The above results provided data support and theoretical basis for the industrialization of membrane enrichment volatile oil technology.

An epidemiological study of the neoplasm mortality in Gejiu residents from 1996 to 2005 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assessment the trend of the mortality of the neoplasm among the residents in Gejiu city of Yunnan province and to provide scientific evidences for the neoplasm prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of mortality of the neoplasm from 1996 to 2005 was collected and analyzed through a retrospective survey.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mortality was going up in the recent epidemiological surveys. The increase trend was showed on the mortality from 1996 to 2005. The mortality was 53.25 per 100,000 of 1996 increased to 70.58 per 100,000 in 2005. The mortality in female was 23.76 per 100,000 in 1996 increased to 50.57 per 100,000 of 2005.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The neoplasm is still a leading disease in Gejiu city. The main cancer was lung cancer in the neoplasms. The mortality of the neoplasma in the town residents was higher than the countryside. It is necessary to enhance neoplasm prevention.</p>