[Effects of lead stress on net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value and ginsenoside production in Ginseng (Panax ginseng)].

The paper aimed to evaluate the effects of lead stress on photosynthetic performance and ginsenoside content in ginseng (Panax ginseng). To accomplish this, three years old ginseng were cultivated in pot and in phytotron with different concentrations of lead, ranging from 0 to 1000 mg x kg(-1) soil for a whole growth period (about 150 days). The photosynthetic parameters in leaves and ginsenoside content in roots of ginseng were determined in green fruit stage and before withering stage, respectively. In comparison with the control, net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value in ginseng leaves cultivated with 100 and 250 mg x kg(-1) of lead changed insignificantly, however, ginseng supplied with 500 and 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead showed a noticeably decline in the net rate of photosynthesis and SPAD value (P < 0.05), the lowest net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value showed in the treatment supplied with 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead, with decline of 57.8%,11.0%, respectively. Total content of ginsenoside in ginseng roots cultivated with 100 mg x kg(-1) of lead showed insignificantly change compared to the control, but the content increased remarkably in treatments supplied with 250, 500, 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead (P < 0.05), and highest content appeared in these ginsengs exposed to 1000 mg x kg(-1) of lead. The net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value in leaves of ginseng both showed significantly negative linear correlations with lead stress level (P < 0.01), and significant positive linear correlations between total content of ginsenoside and lead concentration was also observed (P < 0.05). These results strongly indicate that exposing to high level of lead negatively affects photosynthetic performance in ginseng leaves, but benefits for accumulation of secondary metabolism (total content of ginsenoside) in ginseng root.

[The content dynamics of glycyrrhizic acid and soluble sugar in glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the content dynamics of glycyrrhizic acid and soluble sugar in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. METHODS: Adopted the PVP root canal and the field experiment, the active ingredient content of glycyrrhizic acid and soluble sugar 2 years old cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the samples was studied. RESULTS: The content of glycyrrhizic acid was high in the root morphology of the bottom of the vertical distribution; The content of glycyrrhizic acid was decreased in the rhizome from the root to the direction away from the main root; in one year, the content of glycyrrhizic acid was varied with the Glycyrrhiza uralensis developmental stages. The accumulation peak was in early July, the peak of soluble sugar content was the period in mid-July to early August. CONCLUSION: The optimum harvest period is the late September to early October.