RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intravitreal injections of angiogenesis inhibitors have proved efficacious in the majority of patients with ocular angiogenesis. However, one-fourth of all treated patients fail to derive benefits from intravitreal injections. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) emerges as a crucial class of non-coding RNA molecules, orchestrating key roles in the progression of human diseases by modulating multiple targets. Through our prior sequencing analyses and bioinformatics predictions, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 has shown as a potential regulator of ocular angiogenesis. This study endeavors to elucidate the precise role of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 in the context of ocular angiogenesis. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were employed to detect tRNA-Cys-5-0007expression. EdU assays, sprouting assays, transwell assays, and Matrigel assays were conducted to elucidate the involvement of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 in endothelial angiogenic effects. STZ-induced diabetic model, OIR model, and laser-induced CNV model were utilized to replicate the pivotal features of ocular vascular diseases and evaluate the influence of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 on ocular angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity assays, RNA pull-down assays, and in vitro studies were employed to elucidate the anti-angiogenic mechanism of tRNA-Cys-5-0007. Exosomal formulation was employed to enhance the synergistic anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of tRNA-Cys-5-0007. RESULTS: tRNA-Cys-5-0007 expression was down-regulated under angiogenic conditions. Conversely, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 overexpression exhibited anti-angiogenic effects in retinal endothelial cells, as evidenced by reduced proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation abilities. In diabetic, laser-induced CNV, and OIR models, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 overexpression led to decreased ocular vessel leakage, inhibited angiogenesis, and reduced ocular inflammation. Mechanistically, these effects were attributed to the targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and TGF-ß1 by tRNA-Cys-5-0007. The utilization of an exosomal formulation further potentiated the synergistic anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of tRNA-Cys-5-0007. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent targeting of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 for anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory therapy holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of current anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis , Antiinflamatorios , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Humanos , ARN de Transferencia/metabolismo , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Coroidal/patología , Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Coroidal/metabolismo , Masculino , Oftalmopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Oftalmopatías/patología , Oftalmopatías/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía Diabética/patología , Retinopatía Diabética/metabolismo , Ratones , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismoRESUMEN
Endothelial tip cell specialization plays an essential role in angiogenesis, which is tightly regulated by the complicated gene regulatory network. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of covalently closed non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. Here, we report that the levels of circMET expression are significantly upregulated in the retinas of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and diabetic retinopathy. circMET silencing significantly reduces pathological angiogenesis and inhibits tip cell specialization in vivo. circMET silencing also decreases endothelial migration and sprouting in vitro. Mechanistically, circMET regulates endothelial sprouting and pathological angiogenesis by acting as a scaffold to enhance the interaction between IGF2BP2 and NRARP/ESM1. Clinically, circMET is significantly upregulated in the clinical samples of the patients of diabetic retinopathy. circMET silencing could reduce diabetic vitreous-induced endothelial sprouting and retinal angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, these data identify a circRNA-mediated mechanism that coordinates tip cell specialization and pathological angiogenesis. circMET silencing is an exploitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of neovascular diseases.
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Neovascularización Coroidal , Retinopatía Diabética , Animales , Neovascularización Coroidal/genética , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , ARN Circular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Retina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-ß(TGF-ß)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Humanos , Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/genética , Medicina Tradicional China , Riñón/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Proteínas Smad/genética , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/genéticaRESUMEN
The transformation of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) is largely influenced by their inevitable photodegradation in environments where they tend to be adsorbed by ubiquitous clay minerals instead of being in a free form. However, the photodegradation behaviors and mechanisms of the adsorbed eARGs may be quite different from those of the free form and still remain unclear. Herein, we found that kaolinite, a common 1:1-type clay, markedly enhanced eARG photodegradation and made eARGs undergo direct photodegradation under UVA. The decrease in the transformation efficiency of eARGs caused by photodegradation was also promoted. Spectroscopy methods combined with density functional theory calculations revealed that the Lewis acid-base interaction between P-O in eARGs and Al-OH on kaolinite delocalized electrons of eARGs, thus resulting in increased photon absorption ability of eARGs. This ultimately led to enhanced photodegradation of kaolinite-adsorbed eARGs. Additionally, divalent Ca2+ could reduce the Lewis acid-base interaction-mediated adsorption of eARGs by kaolinite, thereby weakening the enhanced photodegradation of eARGs caused by electron delocalization. In contrast, the 2:1-type clay montmorillonite without strong Lewis acid sites was unable to delocalize the electrons to enhance the photodegradation of eARGs. This work allowed us to better evaluate eARGs' fate and risk in real aqueous environments.
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Antibacterianos , Caolín , Arcilla , Caolín/química , Ácidos de Lewis , Electrones , Fotólisis , Minerales/química , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , AdsorciónRESUMEN
The crosstalk between vascular pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) is critical for microvascular stabilization and remodeling; however, the crosstalk is often disrupted by diabetes, leading to severe and even lethal vascular damage. Circular RNAs are a class of endogenous RNAs that regulate several important physiological and pathological processes. Here we show that diabetes-related stress up-regulates cPWWP2A expression in pericytes but not in ECs. In vitro studies show that cPWWP2A directly regulates pericyte biology but indirectly regulates EC biology via exosomes carrying cPWWP2A. cPWWP2A acts as an endogenous miR-579 sponge to sequester and inhibit miR-579 activity, leading to increased expression of angiopoietin 1, occludin, and SIRT1. In vivo studies show that cPWWP2A overexpression or miR-579 inhibition alleviates diabetes mellitus-induced retinal vascular dysfunction. By contrast, inhibition of cPWWP2A-mediated signaling by silencing cPWWP2A or overexpressing miR-579 aggravates retinal vascular dysfunction. Collectively, this study unveils a mechanism by which pericytes and ECs communicate. Intervention of cPWWP2A or miR-579 expression may offer opportunities for treating diabetic microvascular complications.
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Comunicación Celular , Retinopatía Diabética/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , Pericitos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Regulación hacia Arriba , Animales , Retinopatía Diabética/patología , Exosomas/metabolismo , Exosomas/patología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , MicroARNs/genética , Pericitos/patología , Vasos Retinianos/metabolismo , Vasos Retinianos/patologíaRESUMEN
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is involved in the pathogenesis of many vision-threatening diseases. circRNAs act as key players in gene regulation and human diseases. However, the global circRNA expression profile in retinal I/R injury has not been fully uncovered. Herein, we established a murine model of retinal I/R injury and performed circRNA microarrays to identify I/R-related circRNAs. 1265 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified between I/R retinas and normal retinas. Notably, the detection of cWDR37 level in aqueous humor could discriminate glaucoma patients from cataract patients (AUC = 0.9367). cWdr37 silencing protected against hypoxic stress- or oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury. cWdr37 silencing alleviated IR-induced retinal neurodegeneration as shown by increased NeuN staining, reduced retinal reactive gliosis, and decreased retinal apoptosis. Collectively, this study provides a novel insight into the pathogenesis of retinal I/R injury. cWdr37 is a promising target for the diagnosis or treatment of I/R-related ocular diseases.
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Glaucoma , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Apoptosis , Glaucoma/genética , Humanos , Ratones , ARN Circular/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , RetinaRESUMEN
Epigenetic alterations occur in many physiological and pathological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. However, the role of m6A modification in pathological angiogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we showed that the level of m6A modification was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells and mouse retinas following hypoxic stress, which was caused by increased METTL3 levels. METTL3 silencing or METTL3 overexpression altered endothelial cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. METTL3 knockout in vivo decreased avascular area and pathological neovascular tufts in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model and inhibited alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization. Mechanistically, METTL3 exerted its angiogenic role by regulating Wnt signaling through the m6A modification of target genes (e.g., LRP6 and dishevelled 1 [DVL1]). METTL3 enhanced the translation of LRP6 and DVL1 in an YTH m6A RNA-binding protein 1 (YTHDF1)-dependent manner. Collectively, this study suggests that METTL3-mediated m6A modification is an important hypoxic stress-response mechanism. The targeting of m6A through its writer enzyme METTL3 is a promising strategy for the treatment of angiogenic diseases.
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Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Epigénesis Genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Adenosina/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Silenciador del Gen , Humanos , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Enfermedades de la Retina/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Retina/patología , Vía de Señalización WntRESUMEN
Extracellular DNA (eDNA), which is derived from lysis or secretion of cells, is ubiquitous in various environments and crucial for gene dissemination, bacterial metabolism, biofilm integrity, and aquatic monitoring. However, these processes are largely influenced by damage to eDNA. Photodamage to eDNA, one of the most important types of DNA damage in natural waters, thus far remains unclear. In particular, the roles of the ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in this process have yet to be determined. In this study, eDNA photodamage, including both deoxynucleoside damage and strand breaks, proved to be significantly influenced by DOM. DOM competed with eDNA for photons to inhibit the direct photodamage of eDNA. Nevertheless, DOM was photosensitized to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2)) to enhance the indirect photodamage of eDNA. The ·OH induced damage to four deoxynucleosides and strand breaks, and the 1O2 substantially enhanced deoxyguanosine damage. The presence of DOM changed the main photodamage products of deoxynucleosides, additional oxidation products induced by ROS formed besides pyrimidine dimers caused by UV. Results indicate that DOM-mediated indirect photodamage contributed significantly to eDNA photodamage in most water bodies. This study revealed the previously unrecognized crucial role of DOM in the decay of eDNA in waters.
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Radical Hidroxilo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , ADN , Oxidación-Reducción , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Oxígeno SingleteRESUMEN
Cancer cell repopulation through cell cycle re-entry by quiescent (G0 ) cell is thought to be an important mechanism behind treatment failure and cancer recurrence. Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) is involved in DNA repair, replication and transcription by eviction of histones or loosening their contact with DNA. While FACT expression is known to be high in a range of cancers, the biological significance of the aberrant increase is not clear. We found that in prostate and lung cancer cells FACT mRNA and protein levels were low at G0 compared to the proliferating state but replenished upon cell cycle re-entry. Silencing of FACT with Dox-inducible shRNA hindered cell cycle re-entry by G0 cancer cells, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of FACT. An increase in SKP2, c-MYC and PIRH2 and a decrease in p27 protein levels seen upon cell cycle re-entry were prevented or diminished when FACT was silenced. Further, using mVenus-p27K- infected cancer cells to measure p27 degradation capacity, we confirm that inhibition of FACT at release from quiescence suppressed the p27 degradation capacity resulting in an increased mVenus-p27K- signal. In conclusion, FACT plays an important role in promoting the transition from G0 to the proliferative state and can be a potential therapeutic target to prevent prostate and lung cancer from progression and recurrence.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/metabolismo , Células A549 , Carbazoles/farmacología , Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Células PC-3 , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Fase de Descanso del Ciclo Celular/genética , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/genéticaRESUMEN
VEGF-induced neovascularization plays a pivotal role in corneal neovascularization (CoNV). The current study investigated the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) on neovascularization. In HUVECs, pretreatment with GRh2 largely attenuated VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vessel-like tube formation in vitro. At the molecular level, GRh2 disrupted VEGF-induced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-Grb-2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) association in HUVECs, causing inactivation of downstream AKT and ERK signaling. Gab1 knockdown (by targeted short hairpin RNA) similarly inhibited HUVEC proliferation and migration. Notably, GRh2 was ineffective against VEGF in Gab1-silenced HUVECs. In a mouse cornea alkali burn model, GRh2 eyedrops inhibited alkali-induced neovascularization and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the cornea. Furthermore, alkali-induced corneal expression of mRNAs/long noncoding RNAs in cornea were largely attenuated by GRh2. Overall, GRh2 inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenic effect via inhibiting VEGFR2-Gab1 signaling in vitro. It also alleviates angiogenic and inflammatory responses in alkali burn-treated mouse corneas.-Zhang, X.-P., Li, K.-R., Yu, Q., Yao, M.-D., Ge, H.-M., Li, X.-M., Jiang, Q., Yao, J., Cao, C. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Neovascularización de la Córnea/tratamiento farmacológico , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Córnea/metabolismo , Neovascularización de la Córnea/etiología , Neovascularización de la Córnea/metabolismo , Ginsenósidos/uso terapéutico , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/fisiología , Humanos , Hielo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/toxicidad , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) contribute to antibiotic resistance, and as such, they pose a serious threat to human health. eARGs, regarded as an emerging contaminant, have been widely detected in various bodies of water. Degradation greatly weakens their distribution potential and environmental risks. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), mainly consisted of humic substances, carbohydrates, and organic acids, is ubiquitous in diverse waters and significantly affects the degradation of coexisting contaminants. However, the photodegradation of eARGs in natural water, especially regarding the roles of DOM in this process, remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the eARGs photodegradation in waters with and without DOM. Illumination has been found to effectively photodegrade eARGs, and this process was significantly enhanced by DOM. Further experiments revealed that photosensitization of DOM produced hydroxyl radicals (â¢OH) to enhance plasmid strand breaks and produced singlet oxygen (1O2) to accelerate the guanine oxidation, which in turn promoted the photodegradation of plasmid-carried eARGs. Transformation assays indicated that eARGs transformation efficiencies were reduced after their photodegradation. The presence of DOM accelerated the decreases of eARGs transformation efficiencies under illumination. DOM concentration and some ions (e.g., NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-, Br-, and Fe3+) affected â¢OH or 1O2 levels, further influencing the photodegradation of eARGs. Overall, eARGs photodegradation in aquatic environments is a crucial process both in the reduction of eARGs concentrations and in transformation efficiencies. This work facilitated us to better understand the fate of eARGs in waters.
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Trastornos por Fotosensibilidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos , Sustancias Húmicas , FotólisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease with an unknown etiology and threatens vision as it invades into the cornea. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of RNA transcripts that participate in several physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in pathogenesis of pterygium remains largely unknown. METHODS: Genome-wide circRNA expression profiling was performed to identify pterygium -related circRNAs. GO analysis, pathway analysis, and miRNA response elements analysis was performed to predict the function of differentially expressed circRNAs in pterygium. MTT assays, Ki67 staining, Transwell assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, and Calcein-AM/PI staining were performed to determine the effect of circRNA silencing on pterygium fibroblast and epithelial cell function. RESULTS: Approximately 669 circRNAs were identified to be abnormally expressed in pterygium tissues. GO analysis demonstrated that the host genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were targeted to extracellular matrix organization (ontology: biological process), cytoplasm (ontology: cellular component), and protein binding (ontology: molecular function). Pathway analysis showed that dysregulated circRNAs-mediated regulatory networks were mostly enriched in focal adhesion signaling pathway. Notably, circ_0085020 (circ-LAPTM4B) was shown as a potential biomarker for pterygium. circ_0085020 (circ-LAPTM4B) silencing affected the viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of pterygium fibroblast and epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of pterygium and might constitute promising targets for the therapeutic intervention of pterygium.
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Células Epiteliales , Fibroblastos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Pterigion , ARN , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patología , Humanos , Pterigion/genética , Pterigion/metabolismo , Pterigion/patología , ARN/biosíntesis , ARN/genéticaRESUMEN
The activation of RAF-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)(V600E) mutation is a key alteration in melanoma. Although BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) has achieved remarkable clinical success, the positive response to BRAFi is not sustainable, and the initial clinical benefit is eventually barred by the development of resistance to BRAFi. There is growing evidence to suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy could be a potential pro-survival mechanism that contributes to genesis of melanoma and to the resistance to BRAFi. ER stress-induced autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved membrane process. By degrading and recycling proteins and organelles via the formation of autophagous vesicles and their fusion with lysosomes, the autophagy plays a key role in homeostasis as well as pathological processes. In this review, we examine the autophagy phenomenon in melanocytic nevus, primary and metastatic melanoma, and its significance in BRAFi-resistant melanoma.
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Autofagia , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Melanoma/patología , Animales , Humanos , Melanoma/metabolismoRESUMEN
Constitutive phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) is a common feature of cancer caused by genetic alteration in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene and is associated with poor prognosis. This study determined the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) in AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in PTEN-null/mutated prostate cancer cells. Doxycycline (Dox)-induced expression of cPLA2α led to an increase in pAKT, pGSK3ß and cyclin D1 levels in LNCaP cells that possess a PTEN frame-shift mutation. In contrast, silencing cPLA2α expression with siRNA decreased pAKT, pGSK3ß and cyclin D1 levels in both PC-3 (PTEN deletion) and LNCaP cells. Silencing of cPLA2α decreased pERK and AR protein levels. The inhibitory effect of cPLA2α siRNA on pAKT and AR protein levels was reduced by the addition of arachidonic acid (AA), whereas the stimulatory effect of AA on pAKT, pERK and AR levels was decreased by an inhibitor of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production. Pharmacological blockade of cPLA2α with Efipladib reduced pAKT and AR levels with a concomitant inhibition of PC-3 and LNCaP cell proliferation. These results demonstrate an important role for cPLA2α in sustaining AKT, ERK and AR signaling in PTEN-null/mutated prostate cancer cells and provide a potential molecular target for treating prostate cancer.
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Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas A2 Grupo IV/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Western Blotting , Proliferación Celular , Doxiciclina/farmacología , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/genética , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas A2 Grupo IV/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfolipasas A2 Grupo IV/genética , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunoprecipitación , Masculino , Mutación/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in hospitalized preterm infants in China over 10 years and its clinical outcomes. METHODS: A total of 616 premature infants who were administered iNO in the Neonatology Departments of 5 Class A tertiary hospitals in China for ten years from January 2013 to December 2022 were included retrospectively. Based on their enrollment periods, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 from January 2013 to December 2017 and Group 2 from January 2018 to December 2022, respectively. The perinatal characteristics, short-term clinical outcomes, and mortality rates were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: The utilization of iNO in preterm infants grew annually over the past10 years; the utilization of iNO in Group 2 infants increased approximately one-fold when compared with Group 1 (1.52% vs. 0.80%, p < .001), and the increase was greater in gestational age (GA) < 34 weeks compared with 34-36 weeks preterm infants. Moreover, the iNO usage in Group 1 infants with GA < 34 weeks increased from 1.14% to 2.46% and 0.60% to 0.99% in 34-36 weeks preterm infants (p < .001) in Group 2, respectively. Apart from a smaller GA (32.9 w vs. 33.5 w, p < .001) and birth weight (BW, 1900 g vs. 2141 g, p < .001), the initial [14 parts per million (ppm) versus 10 ppm, p < .001] and maximum (15 ppm vs. 10 ppm, p < .001) doses of Group 2 were larger; however, their recent clinical outcomes did not improve with increasing iNO utilization (p > .05)as compared to Group 1, respectively. Although the overall iNO preterm mortality rates over the past 10 years were 25.8%, the mortality rates for preterm infants at 34-36 weeks were significantly lower than for preterm infants at GA < 34 weeks (15.4% vs. 33.8%, p < .001). Nonetheless, no improvement in mortality was observed in Group 2 preterm infants with GA < 34 weeks for the past 5 years when compared with Group 1 (32.9% vs. 35.8%, p > .05) infants, and significantly lower mortality rates were noticed in preterm infants with 34-36 weeks (11.2% vs. 22.7%, p < .001). Patients with hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) iNO preterm infants did not show lower mortality rates with the increase of iNO use rate (p > .05). The overall mortality rates of preterm PPHN infants with iNO were lower than that of HRF (20.2% vs. 36.5%, p < .001), while the mortality rates of Group 2 preterm PPHN infants with iNO significantly lower than that of HRF (17.7% vs 36.0%, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The iNO has been extensively used in Chinese preterm infants over the past 10 years, this increase was more significant in preterm infants with GA < 34 weeks. Moreover, preterm infants using iNO have lower GA and BW, larger initial and maximum doses, and more aggressive strategies in the last past 5 years. Although iNO use in preterm infants with GA of 34-36 weeks has significantly reduced mortality, mortality rates and short-term clinical outcomes of iNO in preterm infants <34 weeks of GA has no obvious improvement. Further studies are required to investigate the efficacy and safety of iNO in preterm infants <34 weeks of GA.
RESUMEN
Compared to individual UV or chlorine disinfection, the combined UV and chlorine (i.e., UV/chlorine) can substantially promote the degradation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the effluent by generating radicals. However, the mechanisms of ARG degradation induced by radicals during UV/chlorine treatment remain largely unknown, limiting further enhancement of ARG degradation by process optimization. Herein, we aimed to uncover the role of different radicals in ARG degradation and the molecular mechanisms of ARG degradation by radicals in UV/chlorine process. The ClO was proven to be responsible for the enhanced ARG degradation during UV/chlorine treatment, while the other radicals (OH, Cl, and Cl2-) played a minor role. This is because ClO possessed both high steady-state concentration and high reactivity toward ARGs (rate constant: 4.29 × 1010 M-1 s-1). The ClO might collaborate with free chlorine to degrade ARG. The ClO degraded ARGs by selectively attacking guanine and thymine but failed to induce strand breakage, while chlorine could break the strand of ARGs. Ultimately, ClO cooperated with chlorine to degrade ARGs quickly by hydroxylation and chlorination of bases and produce many chlorine- and nitrogen-containing products as revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The uncovered degradation mechanisms of ARGs by UV/chlorine provide useful guidelines for process optimization to achieve deep removal of effluent ARGs.
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Compuestos de Cloro , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Antibacterianos , Cloro , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Desinfección , Cloruros , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Rayos Ultravioleta , Cinética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Background: Capillary dysfunction has been implicated in a series of life- threatening vascular diseases characterized by pericyte and endothelial cell (EC) degeneration. However, the molecular profiles that govern the heterogeneity of pericytes have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy (OIR) model. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify specific pericytes involved in capillary dysfunction. qRT-PCRs and western blots were conducted to detect Col1a1 expression pattern during capillary dysfunction. Matrigel co-culture assays, PI staining, and JC-1 staining was conducted to determine the role of Col1a1 in pericyte biology. IB4 and NG2 staining was conducted to determine the role of Col1a1 in capillary dysfunction. Results: We constructed an atlas of > 76,000 single-cell transcriptomes from 4 mouse retinas, which could be annotated to 10 distinct retinal cell types. Using the sub-clustering analysis, we further characterized retinal pericytes into 3 different subpopulations. Notably, GO and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that pericyte sub-population 2 was identified to be vulnerable to retinal capillary dysfunction. Based on the single-cell sequencing results, Col1a1 was identified as a marker gene of pericyte sub-population 2 and a promising therapeutic target for capillary dysfunction. Col1a1 was abundantly expressed in pericytes and its expression was obviously upregulated in OIR retinas. Col1a1 silencing could retard the recruitment of pericytes toward endothelial cells and aggravated hypoxia-induced pericyte apoptosis in vitro. Col1a1 silencing could reduce the size of neovascular area and avascular area in OIR retinas and suppressed pericyte-myofibroblast transition and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Col1a1 expression was up-regulated in the aqueous humor of the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and up-regulated in the proliferative membranes of PDR patients. Conclusions: These findings enhance the understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of retinal cells and have important implications for future treatment of capillary dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética , Pericitos , Ratones , Animales , Pericitos/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Retina/metabolismo , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
Neurovascular dysfunction is a preclinical manifestation of diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Herein, we report that a transfer RNA-derived RNA fragment, tRF-3001a, is significantly upregulated under diabetic conditions. tRF-3001a downregulation inhibits Müller cell activation, suppresses endothelial angiogenic effects, and protects against high-glucose-induced retinal ganglion cell injury in vitro. Furthermore, tRF-3001a downregulation alleviates retinal vascular dysfunction, inhibits retinal reactive gliosis, facilitates retinal ganglion cell survival, and preserves visual function and visually guided behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic mice and db/db diabetic mice. Mechanistically, tRF-3001a regulates neurovascular dysfunction in a microRNA-like mechanism by targeting GSK3B. Clinically, tRF-3001a is upregulated in aqueous humor (AH) samples of DR patients. tRF-3001a downregulation inhibits DR-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cell and Müller cell dysfunction in vitro and DR-induced retinal neurovascular dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice. Thus, targeting tRF-3001a-mediated signaling is a promising strategy for the concurrent treatment of vasculopathy and neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Retinopatía Diabética , Hiperglucemia , Ratones , Humanos , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Retina , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía Diabética/etiología , Hiperglucemia/complicacionesRESUMEN
We have developed a blend of food extracts commonly consumed in the Mediterranean and East Asia, named blueberry punch (BBP), with the ultimate aim to formulate a chemoprevention strategy to inhibit prostate cancer progression in men on active surveillance protocol. We demonstrated previously that BBP inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism responsible for the suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation by BBP. Treatment of lymph node-metastasised prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and bone-metastasised prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and MDA-PCa-2b) with BBP (up to 0·8 %) for 72 h increased the percentage of cells at the G0/G1 phase and decreased those at the S and G2/M phases. The finding was supported by the reduction in the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells and of DNA synthesis measured by the incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Concomitantly, BBP treatment decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma, cyclin D1 and E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 2, and pre-replication complex (CDC6 and MCM7) in LNCaP and PC-3 cells, whereas CDK inhibitor p27 was elevated in these cell lines. In conclusion, BBP exerts its anti-proliferative effect on prostate cancer cells by modulating the expression and phosphorylation of multiple regulatory proteins essential for cell proliferation.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Análisis de los Alimentos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Inhibidoras de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Proteínas Inhibidoras de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/genética , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/metabolismo , Ciclinas/genética , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Asia Oriental , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Región Mediterránea , Componente 7 del Complejo de Mantenimiento de Minicromosoma , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
With carbon fiber, it is difficult to load semiconductor photocatalysts and easy to shed off thanks to its smooth surface and few active groups, which has always been a problem in the synthesis of photocatalysts. In the study, SrTiO3 nanoparticles were loaded onto the Tencel fibers using the solvothermal method, and then the Tencel fibers were carbonized at a high temperature under the condition of inert gas to form carbon fibers, thus SrTiO3@CF photocatalytic composite materials with solid core shell structure were prepared. Meanwhile, Mn ions were added into the SrTiO3 precursor reagent in the solvothermal experiment to prepare Mn-doped Mn-SrTiO3@CF photocatalytic composite material. XPS and EPR tests showed that the prepared Mn-SrTiO3@CF photocatalytic composite was rich in oxygen vacancies. The existence of these oxygen vacancies formed oxygen defect states (VOs) below the conduction band, which constituted the capture center of photogenerated electrons and significantly improved the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic hydrogen experimental results showed that the photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity of Mn-SrTiO3@CF composite material with 5% Mn-doped was six times that of the SrTiO3@CF material, and the doping of Mn ions not only promoted the red shift of the light absorption boundary and the extension to visible light, but also improved the separation and migration efficiency of photocarriers. In the paper, the preparation method solves the difficulty of loading photocatalysts on CF and provides a new design method for the recycling of catalysts, and we improve the hydrogen production performance of photocatalysts by Mn-doped modification and the introduction of oxygen vacancies, which provides a theoretical method for the practical application of hydrogen energy.