Structural and functional changes of anterior cingulate cortex subregions in migraine without aura: relationships with pain sensation and pain emotion.

Migraine without aura is a multidimensional neurological disorder characterized by sensory, emotional, and cognitive symptoms linked to structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex. Anterior cingulate cortex subregions play differential roles in the clinical symptoms of migraine without aura; however, the specific patterns and mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, voxel-based morphometry and seed-based functional connectivity were used to investigate structural and functional alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions in 50 patients with migraine without aura and 50 matched healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited (1) decreased gray matter volume in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, (2) increased functional connectivity between the bilateral subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and right middle frontal gyrus, and between the posterior part of anterior cingulate cortex and right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and (3) decreased functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri. Notably, left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex was correlated with the duration of each attack, whereas the right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex was associated with migraine-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (emotion) and self-rating anxiety scale scores. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the hypothesis of abnormal anterior cingulate cortex subcircuitry, revealing structural and functional abnormalities in its subregions and emphasizing the potential involvement of the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex-related pain sensation subcircuit and right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex -related pain emotion subcircuit in migraine.

Long-Term Effects of Individualized Acupuncture for Chronic Neck Pain : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Long-term effects of individualized acupuncture in persons with chronic neck pain (CNP) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pressure pain, sensory-based individualized acupuncture for relieving CNP. DESIGN: A 24-week multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. (ChiCTR1800016371). SETTING: Outpatient settings at 4 clinical centers in China from May 2018 to March 2020. PARTICIPANTS: 716 participants with CNP. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to a waiting list (WL) group or to 1 of 3 interventions, which consisted of 10 sessions over 4 weeks: higher sensitive acupoints (HSA), lower sensitive acupoints (LSA), and sham acupoints (SA) acupuncture groups. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the change in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for neck pain (range, 0 to 100) from baseline to 4 weeks, with a difference of 10 points considered the minimum clinically important threshold. The VAS was also assessed every 4 weeks through 24 weeks. RESULTS: The modified intention-to-treat population included 683 participants. The mean baseline VAS was 50.36, 50.10, 49.24, and 49.16 for HSA, LSA, SA, and WL, respectively. Compared with a mean baseline to week 4 change of -12.16 in the HSA group, the mean changes were -10.19 in the LSA group (net difference [ND], -1.97 [95% CI, -5.03 to 1.09]), -6.11 in the SA group (ND, -6.05 [CI, -9.10 to -3.00]), and -2.24 in the WL group (ND, -9.93 [CI, -12.95 to -6.90]). The intervention effects persisted at 24-week follow-up. LIMITATION: Lack of complete blinding and limited generalizability. CONCLUSION: Individualized acupuncture interventions using high- or low-sensitivity acupuncture points were more effective in reducing CNP than SA and WL control groups sustained through 24 weeks, but the magnitude of relative improvement did not reach a minimal clinically important difference. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress (OS) has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases in numerous epidemiological studies; however, whether it is a pathogenesis or a downstream factor remains controversial. METHODS: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to examine evidence of causality of 15 OS injury markers with 3 major neurodegenerative diseases using available genome-wide association studies statistics. As a main approach, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was performed. The weighted-median (WM) analysis was used to validate the relationship. In order to investigate the existence of horizontal pleiotropy and correct the IVW estimate, the Radial MR approach was applied. To gauge the consistency and robustness of the findings, several sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses were used. For this analysis, p < 0.05 indicates a nominally causal association; according to the Bonferroni correction test, p < 0.0011 indicates a statistically significant causal association. RESULTS: Via IVW and WM, in directional MR, it was genetically predicted that zinc was nominally causally correlated with the risk of Parkinson's disease but not after Bonferroni correction test; alpha-tocopherol was nominally causally correlated with the risk of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but not after Bonferroni correction test; furthermore, in reverse MR, it was genetically predicted that Alzheimer's disease was causally correlated with uric acid but not after Bonferroni correction test. These above findings were stable across sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current study, there is no authentic genetic causal association between OS biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases. The complex relationship is required to be confirmed in future experimental research.

Prevalence and Procedural Risk of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis Coexisting With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm.

BACKGROUND: Coexistence of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is increasingly encountered in clinical practice. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ICAS in patients with UIAs and procedural ischemic risk associated with ICAS when treating UIAs. METHODS: Based on the CAIASA study (Coexistence of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis With Intracranial Aneurysms), we prospectively included patients undergoing treatment procedures for UIAs from October 2015 to December 2020 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China. We used computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography to diagnose ICAS (stenosis≥50%). Multivariable logistic regression and propensity-score matching were performed to evaluate the risk of procedure-related ischemic stroke and unfavorable outcome associated with ICAS. The ICAS score was used to explore the association between different burden of ICAS and procedure-related ischemic risk. RESULTS: Among 3949 patients who underwent endovascular or open surgical procedures for UIAs, 245 (6.2%) had ICAS. After exclusion, 15.7% (32/204) of patients with ICAS experienced procedure-related ischemic stroke compared with 5.0% (141/2825) of patients without ICAS. From the unmatched and matched cohort, ICAS was significantly associated with increased risk of procedure-related ischemic stroke (unmatched: adjusted odds ratio=3.11 [1.89-5.11]; and matched: adjusted odds ratio=2.99 [1.38-6.48]). This association became more evident among patients not receiving antiplatelet therapy (Pinteraction=0.022). For patients undergoing different treatment modalities, similar increased risks were observed (clipping: adjusted odds ratio=3.43 [1.73-6.79]; and coiling: adjusted odds ratio=3.59 [1.94-6.65]). Higher ICAS score was correlated with higher procedural ischemic risk (Ptrend<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of ICAS is not infrequent in patients with UIAs. ICAS confers an ~2-fold increased procedural ischemic risk, irrespective of clipping or coiling. Previous antiplatelet therapy may decrease the risk. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT02795078.

Clinical Evidence for Association of Acupuncture with Improved Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is the most significant contributor to non-fatal health reductions worldwide. Acupuncture is the most commonly used complementary alternative therapy to relieve major depressive disorder (MDD) effectively. Nevertheless, the effects of acupuncture for MDD are uncertain. This review aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for MDD. METHODS: Meta-analysis was performed for randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for MDD data from eight databases searched from inception until February 10, 2022. All RCTs with adult participants undergoing acupuncture treatment for MDD were included. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD). We used random-effects meta-analysis to synthesize the results with a mean difference or odds ratio. Furthermore, the potential heterogeneity was tested through meta-regression/subgroup analyses/sensitive analysis. The quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included: 9 acupuncture versus sham acupuncture (n = 920), 26 acupuncture versus antidepressants (n = 2169), and 9 acupuncture plus antidepressants versus antidepressants (n = 667). Of the 43 high-quality articles, 24 and 8 were determined to have a low and moderate risk of bias, respectively. The pooled results for HAMD and SDS revealed the clinical benefits of acupuncture or acupuncture plus antidepressants compared to sham acupuncture or antidepressants, with high-quality evidence. Furthermore, high-quality evidence showed that acupuncture led to fewer adverse effects than antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture or acupuncture plus antidepressants were significantly associated with reduced HAMD scores, with high-quality evidence. Also, more rigorous trials are needed to identify the optimal frequency of acupuncture for MDD and integrate such evidence into clinical care to reduce antidepressant use.

Development of a sandwich ELISA for the specific quantitation of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged proteins during their inducible expression in Escherichia coli.

Heavy single-chain antibodies (VHH or nanobodies) are popular in the medical and analytical fields due to its small size, high solubility, stability, and other advantageous features. However, the usage of VHHs is limited by the low yield of its production and purification. In order to determine the optimal purification strategy for VHH to improve the yield, a method to monitor purification at the intermediate steps is needed. In this study, a simple, sensitive, low-cost sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to quantitate VHHs throughout the purification steps. Under optimized conditions, the assay has a sensitivity of 0.149 OD·mL/ng and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.029 ng/mL. The average recoveries of the assay against the spiked samples were 101.9-106.0% and 100.7-108.0%. The method was applied to a variety of real samples for the detection of different VHHs in bacterial cell media. High amount of VHHs (up to 41.3 mg/mL), which are comparable to the average yield of VHH in standard production protocols, were detected in the media. This study raises attention to the problem of protein losses in cell culture supernatants and provides a method for the continuous detection of the protein abundance to optimize the expression and purification protocols especially for nanobodies.

An Ultrasensitive Bioluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay Based on Nanobody/Nanoluciferase Heptamer Fusion for the Detection of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Sediment.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a flame retardant and has become a widely concerning environmental pollutant. An ultrasensitive nanobody-based immunoassay was developed to monitor the exposure of TBBPA in sediment. First, the anti-TBBPA nanobody was fused with nanoluciferase, and then a one-step bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) was developed with high sensitivity for TBBPA, with a maximum half inhibition concentration (IC50) at 187 pg/mL. Although approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity can be achieved by this developed BLEIA than by the classical two-step ELISA (IC50 at 1778 pg/mL), it is still a challenge to detect trace TBBPA in sediment samples reliably due to the relatively high matrix effect. To further improve the performance of this one-step BLEIA, a C4b-binding protein (C4BP) was inserted as a self-assembling linker between the nanobody and nanoluciferase. Therefore, a heptamer fusion containing seven binders and seven tracers was generated. This reagent improved the binding capacity and signal amplification. The one-step heptamer plus BLEIA based on this immune-reagent shows an additional 7-fold improvement of sensitivity, with the IC50 of 28.9 pg/mL and the limit of detection as low as 2.5 pg/mL. The proposed assay was further applied to determine the trace TBBPA in sediment, and the recovery was within 92-103%. Taking advantage of this heptamer fusion, one-step BLEIA can serve as a powerful tool for fast detection of trace TBBPA in the sediment samples.

Association Study Between Promoter Polymorphisms of ADAM17 and Progression of Sepsis.

BACKGROUND: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) has been confirmed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, little is known about the clinical relevance of ADAM17 polymorphisms to sepsis onset and development. METHODS: This study analyzed the associations of five ADAM17 promoter polymorphisms (rs55790676, rs12692386, rs11684747, rs1524668 and rs11689958) with sepsis (370 sepsis cases and 400 controls). Genotyping was performed using pyrosequencing and polymerase chain reaction-length polymorphism method. The ADAM17 expression was measured using the real-time PCR method and the concentrations of related cytokines were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: No associations were observed between these polymorphisms and sepsis susceptibility, while the rs12692386GA/GG genotypes were overrepresented among the patients with severe sepsis (P=0.002) or septic shock (P=0.0147) compared to those with sepsis subtype, suggesting a susceptible role of rs12692386A>G in the progression of sepsis. Moreover, ADAM17 expression was increased in the sepsis patients with the rs12692386GA/GG genotypes, accompanied by up-regulation of expression of the ADAM17 substrates (TNF-α, IL-6R and CX3CL1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and IL-6). CONCLUSION: The present study has provided potentially valuable clinical evidence that the ADAM17 rs12692386 polymorphism is a functional variant that might be used as a relevant risk estimate for the progression of sepsis.

Effects of fluorescent tags and activity status on the membrane localization of ROP GTPases.

Plant-specific Rho-type GTPases (ROPs) are master regulators of cell polarity and development. Over the past 30 years, their localization and dynamics have been largely examined with fluorescent proteins fused at the amino terminus without investigating their impact on protein function. The moss Physcomitrium patens genome encodes four rop genes. In this study, we introduce a fluorescent tag at the endogenous amino terminus of ROP4 in wild-type and rop1,2,3 triple mutant via homologous recombination and demonstrate that the fluorescent tag severely impairs ROP4 function and inhibits its localization on the plasma membrane. This phenotype is exacerbated in mutants lacking ROP-related GTPase-activating proteins. By comparing the localization of nonfunctional and functional ROP4 fusion reporters, we provide insight into the mechanism that governs the membrane association of ROPs.

Effectiveness of indirect revascularization for adult hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: a 10-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: The optimal surgical approach for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (hMMD) continues to be a topic of debate. The authors' prior research demonstrated that both combined and indirect revascularization were efficacious. However, questions remain regarding the long-term prognosis consistency between these two treatments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the enduring effects of these surgical modalities on adult hMMD, extending the findings of the authors' previous studies. METHODS: The authors recruited patients diagnosed with hMMD between 2010 and 2015. The patients were categorized into two groups: those who underwent combined revascularization (superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass alongside dural reverse application) and those who underwent indirect revascularization (encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis [EDAS]). The primary and secondary endpoints of this study were instances of rebleeding, confirmed with CT scan, and death resulting from rebleeding, respectively. The authors estimated rebleeding-free and death-free survival rates by utilizing the Kaplan-Meier survival method. They used Cox regression to adjust for confounders and to evaluate the effects of the varying surgical modalities on the endpoints. RESULTS: After an average follow-up period of 114 months, 35 patients (28.6%) experienced 40 rebleeding events, yielding an average annual incidence of 3.5%. Of the 79 patients who received combined revascularization, 17 (21.5%) experienced rebleeding events. Similarly, of 43 patients who underwent EDAS, 18 (41.9%) experienced rebleeding events (p = 0.018). Most rebleeding instances occurred 61-120 months after surgery (21 patients [60%]), followed by 12-60 months (11 patients [31.4%]). Multivariate survival analysis highlighted significant differences in surgical outcomes (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.74, p = 0.007). The authors observed that 8 patients (10.1%) died of rebleeding events in the combined group, as well as 10 patients (23.3%) in the EDAS group. Despite the lack of a statistically significant difference in mortality (p = 0.051), multivariable survival analysis found a significant difference (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.97, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: High rebleeding rates persist in adult hMMD patients, even after revascularization. Combined revascularization proved superior to EDAS in preventing long-term rebleeding. In contrast, EDAS alone did not display a clear effect on reducing long-term rebleeding rates.

Global research trends in postoperative ileus from 2011 to 2023: A scientometric study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after abdominal surgery with high morbidity, which hinders patient recovery, prolongs hospitalization, and increases healthcare costs. Therefore, POI has become a global public health challenge. POI triggering is multifactorial. Autonomic and hormonal mechanisms are generally involved in POI pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that beta adrenergic signaling of enteric glia is a POI trigger. Currently, the status quo, trends, and frontiers of global research on POI remain unclear. AIM: To explore the current status, trends, and frontiers of POI research from 2011 to the present based on bibliometric analysis. METHODS: Publications published on POI research from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved on June 1, 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric visualization. RESULTS: In total, 778 POI records published from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved. Over the past few decades, the annual cumulative number of related articles has linearly increased, with China and the United States of America contributing prominently. All publications were from 59 countries and territories. China and the University of Bonn were the top contributing country and institution, respectively. Neurogastroenterology & Motility was the most prolific journal. The Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery had the highest number of citations. Wehner Sven was the most productive author. Burst keywords (e.g., colon, prolonged ileus, acupuncture, paralytic ileus, pathophysiology, rectal cancer, gastrointestinal function, risk) and a series of reference citation bursts provided evidence for the research frontiers in recent years. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates trends in the published literature on POI and provides new insights for researchers. It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation in the development of this field.

Accumulation of branched-chain amino acids deteriorates the neuroinflammatory response of Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy via leucine/Sestrin2-mediated sensing of mTOR signaling.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: Wild-type and db/db mice were fed BCAAs (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks, and hyperglycemia-exposed Müller cells were treated with BCAAs (2 or 5 mmol/L) for 24 and 48 h. BCAA levels were measured using MS/MS. Western blotting was performed to detect proteins. Flow cytometry, oxygen consumption rate, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to evaluate Müller cell viability. Each experiment was conducted at least thrice. RESULTS: BCAAs and branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) were increased in the retina and systemic tissues of diabetic mice, and these changes were further enhanced to approximately 2-fold by extra BCAAs compared to wild-type group. In vitro, BCAAs and BCKAs were induced in hyperglycemic Müller cells, and augmented by BCAA supplementation. The aberrant BCAA catabolism was accompanied by mTORC1 activation and subsequently induced TNF-ɑ, VEGFA, GS, and GFAP in retinas and Müller cells under diabetic conditions. The cell apoptosis rate increased by approximately 50%, and mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by hyperglycemia and BCAA in Müller cells. Additionally, mTORC1 signaling was activated by leucine in Müller cells. Knockdown of Sestrin2 or LeuRS significantly abolished the leucine-induced mTORC1 phosphorylation and protected Müller cell viability under diabetic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: We found that BCAA catabolism is hindered in DR through mTORC1 activation. Leucine plays a key role in inducing mTORC1 by sensing Sestrin2 in Müller cells. Targeting Sestrin2 may ameliorate the toxic effects of BCAA accumulation on Müller cells in DR.

Research status and trends of physical activity on depression or anxiety: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental disorders. As modern society continues to face mounting pressures, the incidence of anxiety and depression is on the rise. In recent years, there has been an increasing breadth of research exploring the relationship between anxiety, depression, and physical activity (PA). However, the current research progress and future development trends are unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the research hotspots and development trends in this field, and to provide guidance for future studies and to provide some reference for clinicians. Methods: We searched the relevant literature of Web of Science Core Collection from the establishment of the database to August 15, 2023. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix Packages based on the R language were used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results: A total of 1,591 studies were included in the analysis, and the research in the field of PA on anxiety or depression has consistently expanded. The USA (304 publications), Harvard University (93 publications), and the journal of affective disorders (97 publications) were the countries, institutions, and journals that published the highest number of articles, respectively. According to the keywords, students and pregnant women, adult neurogenesis, and Tai Chi were the groups of concern, physiological and pathological mechanisms, and the type of PA of interest, respectively. Conclusion: The study of PA on anxiety or depression is experiencing ongoing expansion. Clinicians can consider advising patients to take mind-body exercise to improve mood. In addition, future researchers can explore the mind-body exercise and its impact on anxiety or depression, PA and anxiety or depression in specific populations, and adult neurogenesis of various exercise in anxiety or depression.

Association of lysine pathway metabolites with moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lysine and its pathway metabolites have been identified as novel biomarkers for metabolic and vascular diseases. The role of them in the identification of moyamoya disease (MMD) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the association between lysine pathway metabolites and the presence of MMD. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 360 MMD patients and 89 healthy controls from September 2020 to December 2021 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Serum levels of lysine, pipecolic acid and 2-aminoadipic acid were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We employed logistic regression and restricted cubic spline to explore the association between these metabolites and the presence of MMD. Stratified analyses were also conducted to test the robustness of results. RESULTS: We observed that lysine levels in MMD patients were significantly higher and pipecolic acid levels were significantly lower compared to HCs (both p < 0.001), while no difference was found in the level of 2-AAA between both groups. When comparing metabolites by quartiles, elevated lysine levels were linked to increased odds for MMD (the fourth quartile [Q4] vs the first quartile [Q1]: odds ratio, 3.48, 95%CI [1.39-8.75]), while reduced pipecolic acid levels correlated with higher odds (Q4 vs Q1: odds ratio, 0.08; 95 % CI [0.03-0.20]). The restricted cubic spline found a L-shaped relationship between pipecolic acid level and the presence of MMD, with a cutoff point at 2.52 µmol/L. Robust results were also observed across subgroups. CONCLUSION: Elevated lysine levels were correlated with increased odds of MMD presence, while lower pipecolic acid levels were associated with higher odds of the condition. These results suggest potential new biomarkers for the identification of MMD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/. Unique identifier: ChiCTR2200061889.

The effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress in animal models of vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence showed that acupuncture may improve cognitive function by reducing oxidative stress, key to the pathogenesis in vascular dementia (VaD), but this is yet to be systematically analysed. This study aimed to summarize and evaluate the effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress in animal models of VaD. METHOD: Eight databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, Wan Fang, CBM, and VIP were searched since their establishment until April 2023, for studies that reported the effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress in VaD animal models. Relevant literature was screened, and information was extracted by two reviewers. The primary outcomes were the levels of oxidative stress indicators. The methodological quality was assessed via the SYRCLE Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical analyses were performed using the RevMan and Stata software. RESULTS: In total, 22 studies with 747 animals were included. The methodology of most studies had flaws or uncertainties. The meta-analysis indicated that, overall, acupuncture significantly reduced the expression of pro-oxidants including reactive oxygen species (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = -4.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.26, -2.31), malondialdehyde (SMD = -2.27, 95% CI: -3.07, -1.47), nitric oxide (SMD = -0.85, 95% CI: -1.50, -0.20), and nitric oxide synthase (SMD = -1.01, 95% CI: -1.69, -0.34) and enhanced the levels of anti-oxidants including super oxide dismutase (SMD = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.98, 3.61), glutathione peroxidase (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI: -0.11, 2.76), and catalase (SMD = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.58) in VaD animal models. In subgroup analyses, acupuncture showed significant effects on most variables. Only partial modelling methods and treatment duration could interpret the heterogeneity of some outcomes. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may inhibit oxidative stress to improve cognitive deficits in animal models of VaD. Nevertheless, the methodological quality is unsatisfactory. More high-quality research with a rigorous design and further experimental researches and clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411720).

Spatial continuous modeling of early Cenozoic carbon cycle and climate.

A real spatial continuous modeling of climate and carbon cycle is developed, and tested for early Cenozoic from 60 Ma to 40 Ma.

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for primary Meige syndrome: clinical outcomes and predictive factors.

OBJECTIVE: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has demonstrated efficacy against multiple types of dystonia, but only a few case reports and small-sample studies have investigated the clinical utility of STN-DBS for Meige syndrome, a rare but distressing form of craniofacial dystonia. Furthermore, the effects of DBS on critical neuropsychological sequelae, such as depression and anxiety, are rarely examined. In this study, the authors investigated the therapeutic efficacy of STN-DBS for both motor and psychiatric symptoms of Meige syndrome. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with Meige syndrome receiving bilateral STN-DBS at their institution from January 2016 to June 2023. Motor performance and nonmotor features including mood, cognitive function, and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated using standardized rating scales at baseline and at final postoperative follow-up. Clinical and demographic factors influencing postoperative motor outcome were evaluated by uni- and multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were ultimately included, with a mean ± SD follow-up duration of 27.3 ± 18.0 months. The mean Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) movement score improved from 12.9 ± 5.2 before surgery to 5.3 ± 4.2 at the last follow-up (mean improvement 58.9%, p < 0.001) and the mean BFMDRS disability score improved from 5.6 ± 3.3 to 2.9 ± 2.9 (mean improvement 44.6%, p < 0.001). Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale scores also improved by 35.3% and 34.2%, respectively, and the postoperative 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score indicated substantial QOL enhancement. Global cognition remained stable after treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis identified disease duration (ß = -0.241, p = 0.027), preoperative anxiety severity (ß = -0.386, p = 0.001), and volume of activated tissue within the dorsolateral (sensorimotor) STN (ß = 0.483, p < 0.001) as independent predictors of motor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support STN-DBS as an effective and promising therapy for both motor and nonmotor symptoms of Meige syndrome. Timely diagnosis, treatment of preoperative anxiety, and precise electrode placement within the dorsolateral STN are essential for optimal clinical outcome.

Current-induced domain wall motion in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2.

The manipulation of spin textures by spin currents is of fundamental and technological interest. A particularly interesting system is the 2D van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, in which Néel-type skyrmions have recently been observed. The origin of these chiral spin textures is of considerable interest. Recently, it was proposed that these derive from defects in the structure that lower the symmetry and allow for a bulk vector Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. Here, we demonstrate current-induced domain wall motion in Fe3GeTe2 flakes, in which the maximum domain wall velocity is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in previous studies. In heterostructures with Pt or W layers on top of the Fe3GeTe2 flakes, domain walls can be moved via a combination of spin transfer and spin-orbit torques. The competition between these torques leads to a change in the direction of domain wall motion with increasing magnitude of the injected current.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for postpartum hypogalactia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hypogalactia (PH) is prominent during lactation and may negatively impact the mother's or infant's health. Acupuncture is widely used to increase maternal breast milk production. However, the effects of acupuncture on PH remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in individuals with PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles on potentially eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for PH published from database inception to October 2023 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted essential information, and evaluated the methodological quality of the RCTs using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool. The primary outcome was a change in serum prolactin (PRL) levels before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included milk secretion volume (MSV), total effective rate (TER), mammary fullness degree (MFD), and exclusive breastfeeding rate (EBR). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v5.4. Finally, the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. RESULTS: This study included 19 RCTs involving 2,400 participants. The included studies were classified as having an unclear to high RoB. Our findings indicated that, overall, acupuncture showed a significant effect in increasing serum PRL levels (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.68), MSV (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 2.86), TER (relative risk [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42), and EBR (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.78) compared to that in the control group; however, no difference in MFD (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: -0.09, 2.42) was observed. In the subgroup analysis, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbs or conventional treatment was significantly more effective in increasing serum PRL levels, MSV, and TER than did Chinese herbs or conventional treatment alone. Moreover, acupuncture alone resulted in significantly higher serum PRL levels compared to Chinese herbs; however, this benefit was not observed for TER and MFD. The quality of evidence was critically low. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may effectively increase milk secretion in women with PH. However, owing to the low quality of evidence, further rigorously designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.