Antioxidant and Compositional HPLC Analysis of Three Common Bamboo Leaves.

Bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys nigra (PN), Lophatherum gracile (LG), and Pleioblastus amarus (PA) are three common herbs in China. In this work, a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds in bamboo leaves has been developed; and PN, LG, and PA leaves were analyzed. PN showed four times as much chlorogenic acid (CA) than the other two, and contained the most isoorientin (iso-ORI) and isovitexin (iso-VIT) as well. The PA presented the most orientin (ORI) and LG covered a majority of cynaroside (CYN). We measured the antioxidant activity by scavenging the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridinohydrazinyl (DPPH) free radicals, and found that Luteolin (inhibitory concentration (IC)50 = 0.42 µM, LUT) and CYN (IC50 = 0.43 µM) showed 2-3 times higher antioxidant activity than iso-ORI (IC50 = 0.81 µM), ORI (IC50 = 0.84 µM), and other related antioxidant standards such as trolox (IC50 = 0.97 µM) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.93 µM, VC). Among extracts, PN and PA showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was related well with the contents of CA, iso-ORI, and iso-VIT (p < 0.05). This study firstly provides evidence for functional antioxidant compounds of bamboo leaves based on statistical analysis of the HPLC analysis and DPPH assay, and it lays a foundation for its further development or utilization.

[Optimization of Ethanol Extraction and Water Extraction Technologies of Zuogui Pills by Orthogonal Test].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the ethanol extraction and water extraction technologies of Luogui Pills. METHODS: An orthogonal test was used to study the influence of ethanol concentration, amount of ethanol and reflux time on hyperoside in Cuscutae Semen, ursolic acid in Corni Fructus and the yield of dry paste. Also, The effect of soaking time, amount of water and extraction time on acteoside in Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata and the yield of dry paste were investigated. All these factors were adopted as the indices for choosing the best ethanol extraction and water extraction technologies. RESULTS: The best ethanol extraction technology for Cuscutae Semen, Corni Fructus and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix was reflux extracting for 1 h each time for two times with eight times of 70% ethanol. The best water extraction technology for the residue and the rest herbs after the ethanol extraction was soaking for 0. 5 h and then decocting for 0. 5 h each time for two times with twelve times of water. CONCLUSION: The optimal extraction technologies are stable and feasible, the extraction rate of the alcohol soluble and water soluble effective components is high, and it provides the reference basis for the secondary development of Zuogui Pills.

[Studies on the influences of Changan Granule on the model of irritable bowel syndrome rat].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of Changan Granule on the model of rat with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by observing the weight, the content of Nitric Oxide (NO) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in serum of rat. METHODS: The model of IBS rat was established by decoction of Folium Sennae and restraint stress, effects of Changan Granule were studied through observing the influences on rat weight and the content of NO and 5-HT in serum. RESULTS: Compared to those of the model group, Changan Granule could improve diarrhea induced by Folium Sennae and increase body weight obviously (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared to the control group, Changan Granule could also increase the content of NO and 5-HT in serum significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Through histological survey, we discovered that the high and middle dose of Changan Granule could change the symptom of inflammation and improve the morphous of epithelium mucosae compared to the model group. And there were no obvious pathological changes on the high and middle dose groups of Changan Granule compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Changan Granule is effective to cure IBS and has protective effects on the bowel mucosae.