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ObjectiveTo explore whether the mechanism of Shuangshen Ningxin capsules (SSNX) in alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats is related to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. MethodThis study focused on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and ligated the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery to construct a rat model of MIRI. The rats were divided into the sham operation group, model group, SSNX group (90 mg·kg-1) and trimetazidine group (5.4 mg·kg-1). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by micro method. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and the degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were detected by the chemical fluorescence method. The intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was detected by the luciferase assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion related factors dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1), optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), mitochondrial outer membrane fusion protein 1 (MFN1), and MFN2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group, the model group showed a decrease in serum SOD activity and an increase in MDA content. The opening level of mPTP, the level of △Ψm and ATP content decreased, the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1 increased, and the protein expressions and mRNA transcription levels of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1 decreased. Compared with the model group,SSNX significantly increased serum SOD activity, reduced MDA content, increased intracellular ATP level and △Ψm, reduced the opening level of mPTP, downregulated the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1, and increased the mRNA transcription levels and protein expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1. ConclusionSSNX inhibits the expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1, and increases the expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1, inhibiting mitochondrial fission and increasing mitochondrial fusion, thereby alleviating MIRI.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on H9C2 cardiomyocytes injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) through regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. The process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated by establishing OGD/R model. The cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability; the kit method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (t-GSH), nitric oxide (NO) content, protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion, apoptosis-related detection by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) detection kit and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was used to observe the opening level of MPTP, and molecular docking technology was used to determine the molecular target of Sal B. The results showed that relative to control group, OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the content of ROS, decreased the content of t-GSH and NO. Furthermore, OGD/R injury increased the protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusions 2 (Mfn2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), and decreased the protein expression levels of Mfn1, increased MPTP opening level. Compared with the OGD/R group, it was observed that Sal B had a protective effect at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μmol·L-1. Sal B decreased the content of ROS, increased the content of t-GSH and NO, and Western blot showed that Sal B decreased the protein expression levels of Drp1, Mfn2, Bax and caspase 3, increased the protein expression level of Mfn1, and decreased the opening level of MPTP. In summary, Sal B may inhibit the opening of MPTP, reduce cell apoptosis and reduce OGD/R damage in H9C2 cells by regulating the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation, mitochondrial fission and fusion, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of Sal B in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Objective The incidence of coronary microvascular disease(CMVD)is increasing annually.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),CMVD belongs to the category of"collaterals",and qi deficiency and blood stasis are the main syndrome type of CMVD.Notably however,no studies have reported on the use of animal models of CMVD with qi deficiency and blood stasis.The current study therefore aimed to establish and evaluate a rat model of CMVD with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were divided randomly into sham group,CMVD group,and CMVD + QXXY group(n = 15 rats per group).Rats in the CMVD + QXXY group were randomly deprived of sleep for 14~16 h/day for 6 weeks,and the model of qi deficiency syndrome was established.Animals in the sham group and the CMVD group were fed normally for 6 weeks.After 6 weeks,rats in the CMVD and CMVD + QXXY groups were anesthetized,their chests were opened,and embolic microspheres(40~120 μm)were injected into the left ventricle.Rats in the sham group underwent thoracotomy without injection of embolic microspheres.On day 7 after operation,relevant detection indicators were measured in each group.Results Compared with the sham group,the CMVD group showed a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening rate,while the activities of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were significantly increased.Heart function,hemorheology,myocardial enzyme index,and the degree of myocardial cell damage differed significantly between the CMVD + QXXY group compared with the sham group.Conclusions A rat model of CMVD + qi deficiency + blood stasis syndrome can be successfully established by sleep deprivation combined with intraventricular injection of embolic microspheres.This model will be suitable for the study of the pathogenesis of CMVD and the mechanisms of TCM.
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Qianjin Wenwu decoction (QWD), a well-known traditional Korean medicine, has been used for the treatment of DKD, with satisfactory therapeutic effects. This study was designed to investigate the active components and mechanisms of action of QWD in the treatment of DKD. The results demonstrated that a total of 13 active components in five types were found in QWD, including flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylpropionic acids, saponins, coumarins, and lignins. Two key proteins, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1, were identified as the target proteins through molecular docking. Furthermore, QWD significantly suppressed Scr and BUN levels which increased after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Masson staining results demonstrated that QWD significantly alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. We also found that QWD promoted ECM degradation by regulating MMP-9/TIMP-1 homeostasis to improve renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and interfere with the expression and activity of TGF- β1 in DKD treatment. These findings explain the underlying mechanism of QWD for the treatment of DKD, and also provide methodological reference for investigating the mechanism of traditional medicine in the treatment of DKD.
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Ratas , Ratones , Animales , Obstrucción Ureteral/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Flavonoides/metabolismo , FibrosisRESUMEN
This study explored the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD) on platelet activation and differential gene expression after acute myocardial infarction(AMI). SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, a positive drug(aspirin) group, and a BYHWD group. Pre-treatment was conducted for 14 days with a daily oral dose of 1.6 g·kg~(-1) BYHWD and 0.1 g·kg~(-1) aspirin. The AMI model was established using the high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery method. The detection indicators included myocardial infarct size, heart function, myocardial tissue pathology, peripheral blood flow perfusion, platelet aggregation rate, platelet membrane glycoprotein CD62p expression, platelet transcriptomics, and differential gene expression. The results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group showed reduced ejection fraction and cardiac output, decreased peripheral blood flow, and increased platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, and activated platelets. At the same time, TXB_2 content increased and 6-keto-PGF1α content decreased in serum. Compared with the model group, BYHWD increased ejection fraction and cardiac output, improved blood circulation in the foot and tail regions and cardiomyocytes arrangement, reduced myocardial infarct size and inflammatory infiltration, down-regulated platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, reduced serum TXB_2 content, and increased 6-keto-PGF1α content. Platelet transcriptome sequencing results revealed that BYHWD regulated mTOR-autophagy pathway-related genes in platelets. The differential gene expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. BYHWD up-regulated mTOR, down-regulated autophagy-related FUNDC1 and PINK genes, and up-regulated p62 gene expression. The results demonstrated that BYHWD could regulate platelet activation, improve blood circulation, and protect ischemic myocardium in AMI rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the mTOR-autophagy pathway in platelets.
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Ratas , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Miocardio/metabolismo , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas MitocondrialesRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Buyang Huanwutang (BYHWT) on platelet function and inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of acute blood stasis. MethodThe model of acute blood stasis was established with SD rats by ice water bath combined with injection of epinephrine. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups: normal group, model group, BYHWT (3.2 g·kg-1) group, and aspirin (60 mg·kg-1) group. The rats were injected with epinephrine hydrochloride on day 8 after 7 days of modeling. The macroscopic indexes of triditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome including tongue manifestation and pulse manifestation were observed, while hemorheological indexes, blood coagulation, and platelet aggregation were detected. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) and the adhesion factor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultThe pulse distention of rats in the model group was lower than that in the normal group (P<0.01), while BYHWT improved the pulse distention of the rats with the syndrome of blood stasis (P<0.01). In the model group, the tongue showed the characteristics of blood stasis syndrome, with dark purple veins at the tongue bottom and lower values of R, G, B on the tongue surface than those in the normal group (P<0.01), which, however, can be recovered by BYHWT (P<0.01). The blood viscosity at high, medium, and low shear stress and the plasma viscosity in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, BYHWT restored the whole blood viscosity under high, medium and low shear stress and plasma viscosity (P<0.05,P<0.01). The model group had shorter prothrombin time (PT), shorter thrombin time (TT), and higher fibrinogen (FIB) than the normal group (P<0.05, P<0.01). BYHWT improved the TT and reduced the FIB in the rats with blood stasis syndrome (P<0.01). The platelet aggregation rate induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the model group was higher than that in normal group (P<0.01) and BYHWT decreased the platelet aggregation rate of the rats with blood stasis syndrome (P<0.01). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the model group exhibited excessive platelet activation, obvious pseudopodia, and increased aggregation of platelets compared with the normal group, while platelet activation and aggregation were rare in the BYHWT group. The serum levels of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01), which were decreased in the BYHWT group (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionThe SD rats with the syndrome of acute blood stasis induced by ice water bath combined with injection of epinephrine demonstrate obvious changes in platelet function and morphology, inflammation, and abnormal cell adhesion. In the treatment of acute blood stasis in rats, BYHWT may reduce thrombosis and improve blood consistency and cohesion by mitigating inflammation, down-regulating cell adhesion factor overexpression, and improving platelet shape and function.
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In reference with the systematic review of the thought of deqi (arrival of qi) put forward in Huangdi Neijing (Internal Classic of Yellow Emperor) and other classic books of traditional Chinese medicine, in view of detecting qi and identifying qi before treatment, as well as the prerequisites of deqi in tuina, meaning the accurate syndrome differentiation and manipulations, the importance of deqi in treatment with tuina is expounded. In association with clinical experience, the specific manifestations of deqi in patients during tuina are summarized, e.g. soreness, distention, pain, numbness, warm feeling and slight sweating, local changes in intestinal sound and skin color, as well as mind regulation. It is anticipated that deqi of tuina may be drawn the attention in clinical practice, and the relevant study be expanded.
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Humanos , Libros , Emociones , Medicina Tradicional China , Dolor , QiRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo compare the feasibility of establishing the rat model of acute coronary syndrome with combined blood stasis and poison by lipopolysacharide (LPS) injection, ligation of coronary artery and different combinations of the two methods. MethodA total of 225 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group, first injected LPS group [LPS(5 mg·kg)injection 24 h before coronary artery ligation] and follow injected LPS group [LPS(5 mg·kg)injection 10 min after coronary artery ligation]. The indexes of each group were detected at 3, 24, 72 h after modeling, and the model was comprehensively evaluated. The general state and macroscopic evaluation indexes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (tongue and pulse) of rats in each group were observed. ECG and echocardiography were used to evaluate cardiac function, and the myocardial ischemia and infarction areas were measured by Evans blue/2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The content of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and troponin T (cTnT) in serum as well as interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and IL-6 changes were determined by biochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematology analyzer was adopted to determine the white blood cell (WBC) count, and the four coagulation indexes, platelet aggregation rate, hemorheology and other coagulation evaluation indexes were also detected. The myocardial tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining. ResultAfter 3 h of modeling, compared with the conditions in sham operation group, the R, G and B values of tongue of rats (P<0.01), pulse amplitude (P<0.01), and cardiac function in simple coronary artery ligation group were decreased, and the color of hypoglossal veins became purple(P<0.01). The content of CK, LDH, cTnT, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum(P<0.05), myocardial infarction area(P<0.01), and total number of WBCs (P<0.05)were increased. Compared with simple coronary artery ligation group, first injected LPS group and follow injected LPS group had increased hypoglossal veins, decreased R value of tongue and elevated cTnT content (P<0.01), while follow injected LPS group had reduced B value of tongue, decreased cardiac output (CO)(P<0.05), increased IL-1β content, and thinned left ventricular anterior walls at end-systole (LVAWs)(P<0.01). After 24 h of modeling, compared with sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group presented significantly decreased R, G and B values of tongue, lengthened purplish dark hypoglossal veins (P<0.01), reduced pulse amplitude(P<0.01) and cardiac function, enlarged myocardial infarction area(P<0.01), increased whole blood viscosity, platelet aggregation rate, fibrinogen (FIB), shortened prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT)(P<0.01), and elevated total number of WBCs (P<0.01)and content of CK, LDH, cTnT and IL-6 in serum(P<0.05). Compared with the conditions in simple coronary artery ligation group, the pulse amplitude, R, G and B values of tongue (P<0.01), and ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) scores (P<0.05)dropped, and hypoglossal veins were deepened and lengthened(P<0.05), and cTnT content was increased(P<0.01)in first injected LPS group and follow injected LPS group. However, follow injected LPS group had thinned LVPWs, increased LDH content, platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05), myocardial infarction area, and total number of WBC, level of IL-1β(P<0.05), and shortened TT(P<0.01). Additionally, 72 h after modeling, compared with sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group showed significantly reduced pulse amplitude, lowered R, G and B values of tongue, thickened and lengthened hypoglossal veins(P<0.01), decreased cardiac function, and increased content of cTnT, FIB, whole blood viscosity(P<0.01),platelet aggregation rate, level of IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.05). Compared with the conditions in simple coronary artery ligation group, the hypoglossal veins of the first injected LPS group and the follow injected LPS group were more purple, and the content of cTnT was boosted(P<0.01), whereas follow injected LPS group had decreased pulse amplitude, R, G and B values of tongue, EF and FS scores (P<0.05), and enlarged myocardial infarction area(P<0.01). ConclusionCompared with the other modeling methods and models at different modeling time, the established model by LPS injection 10 min after coronary artery ligation for 24 h was more consistent with the clinical characteristics of acute coronary syndrome with combined blood stasis and poison.
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ObjectiveTo compare the feasibility of establishing the rat model of acute coronary syndrome with combined blood stasis and poison by lipopolysacharide (LPS) injection, ligation of coronary artery and different combinations of the two methods. MethodA total of 225 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group, first injected LPS group [LPS(5 mg·kg)injection 24 h before coronary artery ligation] and follow injected LPS group [LPS(5 mg·kg)injection 10 min after coronary artery ligation]. The indexes of each group were detected at 3, 24, 72 h after modeling, and the model was comprehensively evaluated. The general state and macroscopic evaluation indexes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (tongue and pulse) of rats in each group were observed. ECG and echocardiography were used to evaluate cardiac function, and the myocardial ischemia and infarction areas were measured by Evans blue/2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The content of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and troponin T (cTnT) in serum as well as interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and IL-6 changes were determined by biochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematology analyzer was adopted to determine the white blood cell (WBC) count, and the four coagulation indexes, platelet aggregation rate, hemorheology and other coagulation evaluation indexes were also detected. The myocardial tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining. ResultAfter 3 h of modeling, compared with the conditions in sham operation group, the R, G and B values of tongue of rats (P<0.01), pulse amplitude (P<0.01), and cardiac function in simple coronary artery ligation group were decreased, and the color of hypoglossal veins became purple(P<0.01). The content of CK, LDH, cTnT, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum(P<0.05), myocardial infarction area(P<0.01), and total number of WBCs (P<0.05)were increased. Compared with simple coronary artery ligation group, first injected LPS group and follow injected LPS group had increased hypoglossal veins, decreased R value of tongue and elevated cTnT content (P<0.01), while follow injected LPS group had reduced B value of tongue, decreased cardiac output (CO)(P<0.05), increased IL-1β content, and thinned left ventricular anterior walls at end-systole (LVAWs)(P<0.01). After 24 h of modeling, compared with sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group presented significantly decreased R, G and B values of tongue, lengthened purplish dark hypoglossal veins (P<0.01), reduced pulse amplitude(P<0.01) and cardiac function, enlarged myocardial infarction area(P<0.01), increased whole blood viscosity, platelet aggregation rate, fibrinogen (FIB), shortened prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT)(P<0.01), and elevated total number of WBCs (P<0.01)and content of CK, LDH, cTnT and IL-6 in serum(P<0.05). Compared with the conditions in simple coronary artery ligation group, the pulse amplitude, R, G and B values of tongue (P<0.01), and ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) scores (P<0.05)dropped, and hypoglossal veins were deepened and lengthened(P<0.05), and cTnT content was increased(P<0.01)in first injected LPS group and follow injected LPS group. However, follow injected LPS group had thinned LVPWs, increased LDH content, platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05), myocardial infarction area, and total number of WBC, level of IL-1β(P<0.05), and shortened TT(P<0.01). Additionally, 72 h after modeling, compared with sham operation group, simple coronary artery ligation group showed significantly reduced pulse amplitude, lowered R, G and B values of tongue, thickened and lengthened hypoglossal veins(P<0.01), decreased cardiac function, and increased content of cTnT, FIB, whole blood viscosity(P<0.01),platelet aggregation rate, level of IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.05). Compared with the conditions in simple coronary artery ligation group, the hypoglossal veins of the first injected LPS group and the follow injected LPS group were more purple, and the content of cTnT was boosted(P<0.01), whereas follow injected LPS group had decreased pulse amplitude, R, G and B values of tongue, EF and FS scores (P<0.05), and enlarged myocardial infarction area(P<0.01). ConclusionCompared with the other modeling methods and models at different modeling time, the established model by LPS injection 10 min after coronary artery ligation for 24 h was more consistent with the clinical characteristics of acute coronary syndrome with combined blood stasis and poison.
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Protective effect of Qilong Capsules(QL) on the myocardial fibrosis and blood circulation of rats with coronary heart disease of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type was investigated. Sleep deprivation and coronary artery ligation were used to construct a disease-symptom combination model, and 60 SD rats were divided into sham operation(sham) group, syndrome(S) group, disease and syndrome(M) group and QL group randomly. The treatment group received administration of QL 0.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1). Other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. The disease indexes of each group [left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVESD), left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular axis shortening rate(LVFS), myocardial histopathology, platelet morphology, peripheral blood flow] and syndrome indexes(tongue color, pulse, grip power) were detected. In sham group, cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers were arranged neatly and densely with clear structures. The tongues' color in sham were light red, and the pulse shape were regular. RGB is a parameter reflected the brightness of the image of the tongue. In the S group, the amplitude and frequency of the animal's pulse increased accompanied by decreasing R,G,B, however, the decreased R,G,B was accompanied by reduced pulse amplitude in M group. And in M group, we observed fuzzy cell morphology, hypertrophied myocytes, disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers, reduced peripheral blood flow and increased collagen volume fraction(CVF). Increased LVESD and LVEDD, and decreased LVEF and LVFS represented cardiac function in S group was significantly lower than that in sham. In QL group, the tongue's color was red and the pulse was smooth. The myocardial fibers of the QL group were arranged neatly and secreted less collagen. It improved the blood circulation in the sole and tail, and reversed the increasing of LVEDD, LVESD and the decreasing of LVEF and LVFS of M group. Platelets in M and S group showed high reactivity, and QL could decrease aggregation risk. In conclusion, Qilong Capsules has an obvious myocardial protective effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy, which may inhibit the degree of myocardial fibrosis and reduce platelet reactivity.
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Animales , Ratas , Cápsulas , Cardiomiopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis , Miocitos Cardíacos , Qi , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of the on gastric cancer cells from the perspective of DNA total terpenoids of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb (TTC) damage response. Methods CCK-8 experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of different concentrations
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of two barrier membranes [multilaminated small intestinal submucosa (mSIS) and bioresorable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide)] combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral Bio-Oss on guided bone regeneration through a canine extraction sockets model.@*METHODS@#The distal roots of 18 premolars of the Beagle' s bilateral maxillary and mandibular were removed, and 18 extraction sockets were obtained. They were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the following procedures were performed on the sockets: (1) filled with Bio-Oss and covered by mSIS (mSIS group), (2) filled with Bio-Oss and covered by Bio-Gide (BG group), (3) natural healing (blank control group). Micro-computed tomograph (Micro-CT) was performed 4 and 12 weeks after surgery to eva-luate the new bone regeneration in the sockets of each group.@*RESULTS@#The postoperative healing was uneventful in all the animals, and no complications were observed through the whole study period. Micro-CT analysis showed that the new bone fraction in the mSIS group and the BG group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group at the end of 4 weeks and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), and more new bone fraction was observed in the mSIS group than in the BG group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The new bone fraction of coronal third part of the socket in the mSIS group and BG group at the end of 4 weeks were significantly higher than that of the middle and apical third part of each group (P < 0.05). The values of bone mineral density were similar at 4 weeks in all the groups (P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that in the control group at the end of 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The bone morphometric analysis showed that the trabecular number and trabecular spacing were significantly better in the mSIS group and the BG group than in the control group at the end of 4 weeks and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), while the value in the mSIS group was slightly higher than in the BG group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference in trabecular thickness between all the groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#mSIS membrane as a barrier membrane combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral can enhance new bone formation in canine extraction sockets, similar to Bio-Gide collagen membrane.
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Animales , Bovinos , Perros , Regeneración Ósea , Sustitutos de Huesos , Membranas Artificiales , Minerales , Extracción Dental , Alveolo Dental/cirugía , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To examine the morphology and biocompatibility of a native acellular porcine pericardium (APP) in vitro and to evaluate its barrier function and effects on osteogenesis when used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vivo.@*METHODS@#First, the morphology of APP (BonanGenⓇ) was detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Next, for biocompatibility test, proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after being seeded 1, 3 and 7 days. Meanwhile, the cells stained with phalloidine and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to view the morphology of cell adhesion and pattern of cell proliferation on day 5. A 3-Beagle dog model with 18 teeth extraction sockets was used for the further research in vivo. These sites were randomly treated by 3 patterns below: filled with Bio-OssⓇand coverd by APP membrane (APP group), filled with Bio-OssⓇand covered by Bio-GideⓇmembrane (BG group) and natural healing (blank group). Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) were performed after 4 and 12 weeks.@*RESULTS@#A bilayer and three-dimensional porous ultrastructure was identified for APP through SEM. In vitro, APP facilitated proliferation and adhesion of hBMSCs, especially after 7 days (P < 0.05). In vivo, for the analysis of the whole socket healing, no distinct difference of new bone ratio was found between all the three groups after 4 weeks (P>0.05), however significantly more new bone regeneration was detected in APP group and BG group in comparison to blank group after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The radio of bone formation below the membrane was significantly higher in APP group and BG group than blank group after 4 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), however, the difference between APP group and BG group was merely significant in 12 weeks (P < 0.05). Besides, less resorption of buccal crest after 4 weeks and 12 weeks was observed in APP group of a significant difference compared in blank group (P < 0.05). The resorption in BG group was slightly lower than blank group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#APP showed considerable biocompatibility and three-dimentional structure. Performing well as a barrier membrane in the dog alveolar ridge preservation model, APP significantly promoted bone regeneration below it and reduced buccal crest resorption. On the basis of this study, APP is a potential osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial.
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Animales , Perros , Humanos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Regeneración Ósea , Osteogénesis , Pericardio , Porcinos , Extracción Dental , Alveolo DentalRESUMEN
To investigate the relationship between exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and the risks for hypertension in adulthood. A total of 5 960 participants born between 1956 and 1965 were included in the study and were divided into unexposed group (1963-1965), fetal exposed group (1959-1961), early- childhood exposed group (1956-1958) and transitional group (1962). Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between famine exposure in early life and the risk for hypertension in adulthood. Both the fetal exposure and the early-childhood exposure were the risk factors for hypertension in adulthood (=1.249, 95: 1.049-1.486 and =1.360, 95: 1.102-1.679). Meanwhile, in rural area, compared with unexposed group, the fetal exposure (=1.401, 95: 1.091-1.798) and the early-childhood exposure (=1.460, 95: 1.145-1.862) were also associated with a greater risk of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, fetal exposure and early-childhood exposure to famine in women were associated with 36.0 and 31.9 increased risks for hypertension (95: 7.8-71.7 and 95: 4.8-66.0) according to the stratified analysis. Fetal exposure to famine might increase the risk for hypertension in adulthood.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of baicalin on the behavioral characteristics of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to provide a basis for further research on baicalin in the treatment of ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups, with 8 rats in each group. Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. The rats in the MPH group (0.07 mg/mL) and the low- (3.33 mg/mL), medium- (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin groups were given the corresponding drugs (1.5 mL/100 g) by gavage twice a day, and those in the normal control group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage twice a day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks for all groups. The open field test was performed to observe total moving distance and average moving speed on day 0 of experiment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after gavage and to evaluate the control effects of drugs on hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The Morris water maze test was used to observe the latency, time spent in the target quadrant, and number of platform crossings and to evaluate the effects of drugs on attention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The open field test showed that the model group and the drug treatment groups had a significantly longer total moving distance and a significantly higher average moving speed than the normal control group on day 0 (P<0.05). On day 7, the MPH group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). On day 14, the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). The data on days 21 and 28 showed that compared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups had gradual reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed (P<0.05). The water maze test showed that compared with the model group, the MPH group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significantly longer time spent in the target quadrant (P<0.05), and the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had a significantly higher proportion of the moving distance in the target quadrant in total moving distance (P<0.05). The high-dose baicalin group had the highest number of platform crossings among all groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both baicalin and MPH can regulate the motor ability and learning and memory abilities of SHR rats with ADHD and thus control the core symptoms of ADHD, i.e., hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, and inattention. Baicalin exerts its effect in a dose-dependent manner, and high-dose baicalin has the most significant effect, but compared with MPH, it needs a longer time to play its therapeutic effect.</p>
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Quimioterapia , Psicología , Conducta Animal , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flavonoides , Usos Terapéuticos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto , Actividad Motora , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKYRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of baicalin on synaptosomal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its regulatory effect on the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into five groups: ADHD model, methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment (0.07 mg/mL), and low-dose (3.33 mg/mL), medium-dose (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin treatment (n=8 each). Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to prepare brain synaptosomes and an electron microscope was used to observe their structure. Colorimetry was used to measure the activities of ATPase and LDH in synaptosomes. ELISA was used to measure the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the ADHD model group had a significant reduction in the ATPase activity, a significant increase in the LDH activity, and significant reductions in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the ADHD model group, the methylphenidate hydrochloride group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05), a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05), and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the methylphenidate hydrochloride group, the high-dose baicalin group had significantly greater changes in these indices (P<0.05). Compared with the low-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05); the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05) and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the medium-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both methylphenidate hydrochloride and baicalin can improve synaptosomal ATPase and LDH activities in rats with ADHD. The effect of baicalin is dose-dependent, and high-dose baicalin has a significantly greater effect than methylphenidate hydrochloride. Baicalin exerts its therapeutic effect possibly by upregulating the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.</p>
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Animales , Ratas , Adenosina Trifosfatasas , Metabolismo , Adenilil Ciclasas , Fisiología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Quimioterapia , AMP Cíclico , Fisiología , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico , Fisiología , Flavonoides , Farmacología , Usos Terapéuticos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa , Metabolismo , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Transducción de Señal , Sinaptosomas , QuímicaRESUMEN
<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>Objective: In order to assess the integrative cardiopulmonary function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), we used symptom limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 59 patients diagnosed stable CAD by coronary angiography and echocardiography from August to December of 2014 in our hospital, were divided two groups. PCI group, 31 patients received PCI and drugs. Control group, 28 patients received drugs therapy only. All patients performed CPET before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients safely completed CPET without any complications. The control group, all functional parameters were unchanged (P > 0.05). PCI group, the anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and peak oxygen pulse increased significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline,but not for others (P > 0.05). For individual analysis, PCI group had higher rates of increase (≥ 10% of baseline) in both peak oxygen uptake and peak oxygen pulse than those of control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CPET is an objective, quantitative, safe and effective method to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficiency. PCI can improve the integrative cardiopulmonary function in CAD patients.</p>
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Humanos , Umbral Anaerobio , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Cirugía General , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Oxígeno , Consumo de Oxígeno , Intervención Coronaria PercutáneaRESUMEN
Brain injury is a kind of wound by violence on head, which is a mechanical distortion of skull, meninx, cerebral vascular and brain tissue due to outside force acting on head. Apolipoproteins E (ApoE ) is a major kind of apolipoprotein s, participating in the metabolismof lipid and regulating bal-ance of cholesterol. Some recent investigations showthat gene polymorphismof ApoE is associated with various kinds of diseases. Also its immunoreactivity is changed regularly with brain injury. In addition, ApoE has remarkable effect in neurological normal growth and reparative process after brain injury. This article reviews the biological characteristics and mechanismof ApoE in the repair of brain injury and application prospect in forensic medicine, which may be able to provide newideas for estimation of the brain injury time and related experimental research.
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Brain injury is a kind of wound by violence on head, which is a mechanical distortion of skull, meninx, cerebral vascular and brain tissue due to outside force acting on head. Apolipoproteins E (ApoE) is a major kind of apolipoproteins, participating in the metabolism of lipid and regulating balance of cholesterol. Some recent investigations show that gene polymorphism of ApoE is associated with various kinds of diseases. Also its immunoreactivity is changed regularly with brain injury. In addition, ApoE has remarkable effect in neurological normal growth and reparative process after brain injury. This article reviews the biological characteristics and mechanism of ApoE in the repair of brain injury and application prospect in forensic medicine, which may be able to provide new ideas for estimation of the brain injury time and related experimental research.
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Humanos , Apolipoproteínas E/fisiología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Medicina Legal , Cabeza , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
Language,as a cartier of specified social culture,is closely and complementarily associated with it.Considering the especial education targets of medical universities and colleges,the present curriculum and the trend of international communication,College English is obliged to focus on humanistic value and necessarily plays its constructive role in heightening students' humanistic quality.