Mechanism Study of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula on Regulating Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To explore the mechanism of Suofeng Yuchuan Formula on inhibiting airway remodeling in asthma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,Dexamethasone group,high-,medium-and low-dose groups of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula,with 10 rats in each group.In addition to the normal control group,the other groups were injected and inhaled with ovalbumin(OVA)to replicate the asthma rat model.The rats in each group were killed after 21 days of administration of the corresponding drug.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.The ultrastructure of epithelial cells in rat lung was observed by transmission electron microscope.The contents of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expressions of TGF-β1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),E-cadherin and N-cadherin in lung homogenate.Protein expression levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin and N-cadherin in lung tissue were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal control group,the serum contents of TGF-β1 and IL-17 in the model control group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA and N-cadherin in lung tissues were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).HE staining showed thickening of airway wall and alveolar wall,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the visual field,and the inflammation score was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Transmission electron microscopy showed that the epithelial cells of lung tissue had severe edema.Local dissolution and thinning of intracellular matrix,and obvious swelling of organelles were observed.Compared with model control group,the contents of TGF-β1 and IL-17 in serum of dexamethasone group and all doses of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA and N-cadherin were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue and thickening of bronchial wall and alveolar wall were found to be reduced.The inflammation score of dexamethasone group and high-dose group of Suofeng Yuchuan Formula was reduced(P＜0.05).Ultrastructure showed that the degree of edema of epithelial cells was significantly reduced,the cell membrane was intact,the intracellular matrix was uniform,and most of the organelles were slightly swollen.Conclusion Soufeng Yuchuan Formula can reduce the level of TGF-β1,thereby improve EMT in lung tissue,and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating airway remodeling in asthma.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guideline for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 1）： Development Status and Characteristics / 中医杂志

The irrational use of Chinese patent medicines （CPM） is becoming more and more prominent， which makes the demand for clinical practice guidelines of CPM gradually increase. In order to make domestic scholars understand the latest developments and existing problems of the CPM guidelines， and promote its development， this paper introduced the concept of CPM guidelines， summarized the characteristics of the two development modes， namely “taking CPM as the key” and “taking disease/syndrome as the key”， and analyzed the current methodological status of developing and reporting CPM guidelines. Based on the existed problems， three suggestions have been put forward to optimize the quality of CPM guidelines， which were clarifying the target users and scope of CPM guidelines， establishing an open and transparent mechanism of the personnel involvement and process steps， and formulating implementable and operable recommendations for the use of CPM.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine： 2.Establishment of Guideline Working Group and Management of Conflict of Interests / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the key points and methods in terms of the establishment of the guideline working group and the management of conflict of interests， trying to provide reference for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）. The establishment of the working group is the first important step for developing CPM guidelines. Considering the characteristics of the clinical practice guidelines for CPM， this study suggests that the three key elements of ‘multidisciplinarity’， ‘clinical relevance’ and ‘geographical representativeness’ should be put focus on when forming the working group. The guideline advisory committee， clinical expert group， evidence systematic evaluation group， secretary group and the external review group should be established. All group members should clarify the conflict of interest， and the process and management method of the conflict of interest should be clearly reported.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 3）： Identification of Clinical Questions / 中医杂志

The identification of clinical questions for clinical practice guidelines of Chinese patent medicine （CPM） is important for subsequent evidence retrieval， evaluation of evidence quality， formation of recommendations. This paper described a methodological proposal for the identification of clinical questions for CPM guidelines to highlight the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and reflect its effect in specific stage of the disease. Considering four aspects， namely， the drug of Chinese patent medicine （D）， the specific disease stage （S）， comparison （C）， and specific outcome （O）， DSCO framework has been proposed to formulate the clinical questions. Multi-source information through scientific research， policy or standard documents， and clinical data are suggested for collecting clinical questions， and clear selection criteria should be set to finalize the clinical questions to be addressed by the guideline. In addition， the above process needs to be transparently and publicly reported in order to ensure the clarity and completeness of the guidelines.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 4）： Evidence Retrieval and Evaluation / 中医杂志

The retrieval and evaluation of evidence is the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine. As traditional Chinese medicine has a different development trajectory and utilization characteristics from modern medicine， there is certain differences in terms of evidence composition， retrieval and integration.This paper discussed multi-source body of evidence on Chinese patent medicine based on modern evidence-based medicine and ancient medical literature， and summarized the retrieval strategy as well as the possible problems and solving methods. For different types of evidence on Chinese patent medicine， the corresponding evaluation tools have been recommended， and the order to integrate the evidence based on the quality of the evidence from high to low is suggested. Finally， a multi-source based evidence retrieval-evaluation-integration scheme for Chinese patent medicine has been formed， which will provide a methodological reference for practitioners in the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 5）： Retrieval and Synthesis of Key Information on Rational Drug Use / 中医杂志

Recommendations for Chinese patent medicine （CPM） based on key information on rational drug use are one of the important conditions for enhancing guideline enforceability as well as facilitating guideline implementation. In this study， we discussed in detail of the key information on the rational use of CPM in five aspects， which are dosage， drug discontinuation， drug-drug and drug-food interactions， safety and economy. Following the process of multi-source search， synthesis and prioritization， it is suggested to collect key information on the rational use of CPM from a multi-source search of drug instructions， policy documents， literature， and clinical experts' experiences. Then the searched information should be summarized and prioritized with the principle that taking drug instructions as the basis and other-sources information for check and supplementation. Finally， methodological recommendations for the retrieval and synthesis of key information on rational drug use in guideline recommendations has been formed.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 6）： Formation and Presentation of Recommendations / 中医杂志

Recommendation formation is a key component of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）， and should encompass the determination of the strength and direction of the recommendation， the rationale for the recommendation， and the methodology for implementing the recommendation. Recommendations can be formed through formal consensus and informal consensus. The strength and direction of recommendations for CPM guidelines should be determined by considering the quality of evidence for CPMs， the priority of the clinical questions， the pros and cons of efficacy and adverse effects， patient acceptance， the feasibility of the recommendation and the availability of resources， social fairness， economic benefits， and other influencing factors. In order to better guide guideline developers to consider these factors more rationally， this article provideed a detailed explanation of each factor in the context of the characteristics of TCM.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 7）： Introduction and Interpretation of the Guideline Reporting Checklist / 中医杂志

The systematic and comprehensive introduction and interpretation of the Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 is conducive to the presentation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， thus improving their dissemination and use. The Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 specifies the requirements for clear， complete and transparent reporting of the whole process of developing CPMs guidelines， containing 4 domains， 17 topics and 43 items， and involving the basic information， recommendations and methods of guideline development. Especially， it details the items related to the rules and regulations of the use of CPMs in the recommendations， which is helpful for improving the completeness， scientificity and practicality of the reporting of CPMs guideline.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 8）： Quality Evaluation with AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM） with internationally recognized tools the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation （AGEREE） Ⅱ and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare （RIGHT）， thereby providing refe-rence for the clinical application and future development of CPM guidelines. MethodsDatabases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang and Sinomed were searched for CPM guidelines， as well as medlive.cn， websites of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Chinese Medical Association， and reference lists of the included papers. The quality of the guidelines was evaluated using the AGREE Ⅱand RIGHT tools， and consistency tests were performed using Interclass Correlation Coefficient， and descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyze the reporting rate for each domain and the average score for each item. ResultsFinally， 140 CPM guidelines were included， of which 51 were disease-oriented and 89 were drug-oriented， all of which were issued by China. For 51 disease-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score of all six AGREE Ⅱ domains was 73.32% for clarity， and the lowest was 26.80% for application； for 89 drug-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score was 55.62% for scope and purpose， and the lowest was 31.32% for rigour of development. In terms of the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist， the highest reporting rate was 68.26% for background， and lowest was 27.45% for other areas regarding the disease-oriented CPM guidelines； the highest reporting rate was 61.31% for background， and the lowest was 4.49% for other areas regarding drug-oriented CPM guidelines. The average reporting rate was higher for disease-oriented than drug-oriented CPM guidelines in three domains of AGREE Ⅱ （rigour of development， clarity of presentation， editorial independence）， as well as four domains of RIGHT checklist （basic information， evidence， funding and declaration and management of interests， and other areas）. ConclusionThe overall methodology and reporting quality of the current CPM guidelines still need to be improved. It is recommended that future guideline development teams should strictly refer to the AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT checklist， and take into account of the characteristics of CPM guidelines and relevant methodo-logical suggestions in the development and reporting of CPM guidelines， thereby guiding the clinical use of CPM in a better way.

Methodology for Developing Rapid and Living Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine （RALIG-TCM） （Part 1）：Concept and Current Practice / 中医杂志

Rapid and living guidelines are those developed in response to public health emergencies in a short period of time using a scientific and standardized approach. Subsequently， they provide timely and credible recommendations for decision makers through regular and frequent updates of clinical evidence and recommendations. In this paper， we introduced the definition of rapid and living guideline as well as analyzed the basic characteristics of eight rapid and living guidelines in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） published till 2023 June， summarizing three core methodological issues in relation to how to rapidly develop guidelines， how to formulate recommendations when there is lack of evidence， and how to ensure the timeliness of guidelines. Based on the analysis of current rapid and living guidelines， it is implicated that there is necessity to carry out rapid and living guideline in the field of TCM， and the methodology of rapid integration of multivariate evidence in the field of TCM needs to be further explored； furthermore， it is necessary to further explore the obstacles of implementation of guidelines and promote timely updating， all of which provide certain theoretical references for relevant guideline developers and researchers.

Methodology for Developing Rapid and Living Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine （RALIG-TCM） （Part 2）： Development Process and Key Steps during Preparation Stage / 中医杂志

It is necessary to develop rapid and living guidelines in order to improve the evidence translation and guidance for clinical practice in emergency situations， and to enhance the participation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in management of emergencies. This paper introduced the process of developing rapid and living guidelines of TCM and divided it into three stages， that is preparation， rapid development and dynamic updating， which highlights the features of rapid development， high quality， and dynamic updating and the integration with the predominance of TCM. By comparing with general guidelines on composition， personnel number， timing to formulate and communication patterns of the guideline working groups， as well as the content and number of clinical questions， this paper mainly gave suggestions on how to formulate a concise but authoritative team during the preparation stage， how to efficiently manage the guideline team and promote the development process from conflict of interest management， working and communication mode adjustment， and how to formulate and update the important and prioritized clinical questions， all of which may provide reference for the development of TCM rapid and living guidelines.

Methodology for Developing Rapid and Living Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine （RALIG-TCM） （Part 3）： Rapid Evidence Collection， Integration and Recommendation Formation / 中医杂志

The lack of direct evidence is an important problem faced in the formation of recommendations in rapid living guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine under public health emergencies， and the supplementation of indirect evidence can be a key method to solve this problem. For the collection of evidence， the type of evidence required， including direct and indirect evidence， should be clarified， and ‘direct first’ principle for selecting evidence can be set to standardize and accelerate the guideline development. When integrating evidence， recommendations can be formed directly if there is sufficient direct evidence， while regarding insufficient direct evidence， recommendations need to be supplemented and improved by integrating indirect evidence. In addition， when the body of evidence contains evidence from multiple sources， it is suggested to rate the evidence according to “higher rather than lower” principle. Finally， when forming recommendations， the level of evidence， safety and economic efficiency should be taken into consideration to determine the strength of the recommendation.

Methodology for Developing Rapid and Living Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine （RALIG-TCM） （Part 4）： Evidence Monitoring and Dynamic Updates / 中医杂志

In developing rapid and living guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in response to public health emergencies， it is important that evidence continue to be reviewed， and clinical questions and recommendations updated if necessary， due to the rapid changes in disease progression and the continuous generation of relevant research evidence. This paper proposed that the updating scope in dynamic mode should first be identified； then evidence monitoring should be carried out in four aspects， including clinical research， related guidelines or laws and regulations， disease progression， as well as clinical use of recommendations and clinical needs； finally， based on the results of the evidence monitoring， different options should be made， including revising the clinical questions， updating the evidence and recommendations， and withdrawing the guideline.

Treatment and prognosis analysis of 205 patients with intracranial primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of intracranial primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:Clinical data of 205 patients pathologically diagnosed with intracranial primary DLBCL at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center from March 2001 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 101 patients were male and 104 female, the median age was 54 years old. Non-germinal center B cell (GCB) subtype accounted for 74.1%(126/170). A total of 177 patients received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and 91 patients received rituximab. After induction chemotherapy, 59 patients (30.4%) achieved complete response (CR), 112 patients (57.7%) achieved partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD). A total of 83 patients received consolidation or salvage radiotherapy, and only 14 patients received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The influence of pathological type, chemotherapy, rituximab treatment, radiotherapy and radiotherapy mode, ASCT and other factors on the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed by log-rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was conducted by COX model.Results:The median follow-up time was 34 months. The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 55.6% and 44.2%, respectively. GCB subtype, chemotherapy with HD-MTX, rituximab treatment, remission status after induction chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were favorable prognostic factors for OS or PFS, in which the last three were the independent prognostic factors. Consolidation radiotherapy in patients who obtained CR after induction chemotherapy did not significantly improve survival, while salvage radiotherapy in patients who achieved PR/SD after induction chemotherapy significantly improved both OS and PFS(both P<0.01). Consolidation radiotherapy showed no significant survival difference compared with consolidation ASCT. Conclusions:The non-GCB subtype of intracranial primary DLBCL is related to poor prognosis. The addition of rituximab to HD-MTX based induction chemotherapy can improve survival. Radiotherapy is still an important treatment for intracranial primary DLBCL, and there are limitations of ASCT in practical clinical application.

Analysis of risk factors of thrombocytopenia toxicityduring concurrent chemoradiation of gastric cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the related risk factors of thrombocytopenia grade 2+ G2(+ )] in patients with gastric cancer during chemoradiotherapy.Methods:The pre-treatmentclinical data, hematologic parameters, and the correlation between dose distribution of vertebrae andTPG2(+ ) in non-metastaticgastric adenocarcinoma patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 58 patients were included, including 23 cases (40%) in theTPG2(+ ) group and 35(60%) in the TPG2(-) group. There was no statistical difference in baseline clinical data between two groups (all P>0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that several baseline parameters including platelet count (PLT), basophil count (BA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and length of CTV (LCTV), the number of vertebrae (VBN), vertebral body volume (VBV), D max, D mean, V 5Gy, V 10Gy, V 20Gy, V 30Gy and V 40Gywere correlated with TPG2(+ )(all P<0.05). However, the multivariate Logistic regressionanalysisshowed that low PLT ( P=0.048), high LDH ( P=0.028), increased LCTV ( P=0.013), high V 20Gy/VBN ( P=0.030) were associated with the risk of TPG2(+ ). Conclusion:In gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapy, correction of PLT reduction before treatment, avoidinglonger CTV and controlled V 20Gy correction for vertebral number may reduce significant thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy.

Association of plasma EBV-DNA copy number and cytokines with B symptoms in patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the association of plasma EBV-DNA copy number, serum cytokines and B symptoms in patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), unravel the mechanism and assess the prognostic value of clinical indicators.Methods:Clinical data of 173 newly-diagnosed ENKTL patients (116 male, 57 female; median age: 43, 4 to 71 years)were retrospectively analyzed. According to Ann Arbor stage, 126 cases were classified as stage I-II and 47 cases of stage Ⅲ-IV. The primary sites of tumors included nasal cavity (n=100), extranasal upper aerodigestive tract (extranasal UADT, n=34), and extra-upper aerodigestive tract (extra-UADT, n=39). Prior to treatment, 91 patients had B symptoms and 82 cases of without B symptoms. According to plasma EBV-DNA copy levels, all patients were divided into the negative group (n=36), low load group (<10 4 copies/ml, n=73) and high load group (≥10 4 copies/ml, n=64). Serum cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were detected. Correlation analysis was performed by Cochran-Armitage trend test and Spearman correlation analysis. Survival analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis and survival curves were derived from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:The incidence of B symptoms and fever showed a significant upward trend with the increasing plasma EBV-DNA copy levels. In addition, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines were higher in patients with B symptoms than those without B symptoms (all P<0.05). Serum IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were also positively correlated with plasma EBV-DNA copy number. The occurrence of B symptoms was associated with high-risk clinical features including advanced stage, primary tumor invasion, regional lymph node involvement, and elevated pre-treatment LDH. Survival analysis showed that stage, B symptoms, plasma EBV-DNA, and the above serum cytokines affected the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (all P<0.05). However, multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of B symptoms was not an independent prognostic factor of ENKTL patients. Conclusion:This exploratory study suggests that the incidence of B symptoms is associated with increasing levels of EBV-DNA copies and cytokines, and these indicators are also important factors influencing the prognosis of ENKTL patients.

Quality of life in patients with early-stage extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type after definitive radiation therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the quality of life in patients with early-stage extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type (ENKTL) arising from the upper aerodigestive tract, who had remained progression-free survival (PFS) for over 3 months after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and to analyze the factors related to main adverse symptoms.Methods:276 patients who received IMRT from March, 2012 to June, 2021 were included. There were 201 males and 75 females with a median age of 41.5 years (range: 13-81 years) upon diagnosis. Consistent target delineation schemes and similar dose gradients were adopted for IMRT, with a median prescribed dose of 54.6 Gy/26F. Cross-sectional investigation was performed with a modified EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, the incidence and severity of adverse symptoms, severity of disease and their influencing factors at each time-point during their survival were statistically analyzed.Results:The median age of patients at the investigation was 46.2 years, and the median PFS after IMRT was 47.2 months (range: 3.1-115.7 months). The most common adverse symptoms included nasal symptoms (incidence rate 63.8%), dry mouth (50%), tooth diseases (47.1%), smell and taste alteration, and sexual apathy, etc. Most symptoms were mild (the average standardized score was 5.50, the full score of 100 indicating the most severe), and could be relieved remarkably over survival time, but some symptoms, such as tooth diseases and sexual apathy, were more obvious and recurred for several years. Age and anti-PD-1 immune therapy influenced the symptom scores, and tooth diseases were closely correlated with dry mouth. Conclusion:The quality of life in patients with early-stage ENKTL after definitive IMRT is high, and the most significant symptoms include nasal symptoms, tooth diseases, and sexual apathy, etc. , which need to be mitigated with more studies.

Local recurrence pattern of pT 1-2N 1 breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy—a pooled-analysis of 5442 patients from 12 centers / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze locoregional recurrence (LRR) pattern of patients with pT 1-2N 1 breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, with and without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Methods:A total of 5442 eligible patients with breast cancer from 12 Chinese centers were included. The LRR sites and the effect of RT at different sites on recurrence in patients with and without RT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative LRR rate, and the difference was compared by the log-rank test.Results:With a median follow-up time of 63.8 months for the entire cohort, 395 patients developed LRR. The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa were the most common LRR sites, regardless of RT or molecular subtypes. The 5-year chest wall recurrence rates for patients with and without chest wall irradiation were 2.5% and 3.8%( P=0.003); the 5-year supraclavicular lymph nodal recurrence rates for patients with and without supraclavicular fossa irradiation were 1.3% and 4.1%( P<0.001); the 5-year axillary recurrence-free rates for patients with and without axillary irradiation were 0.8% and 1.5%( HR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.04-2.23, P=0.219); and the 5-year internal mammary nodal recurrence-free rates for patients with and without internal mammary nodal irradiation were 0.8% and 1.5%( HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.11-1.90, P=0.268). Conclusions:The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa are the most common LRR sites of patients with pT 1-2N 1 breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, which is not affected by adjuvant RT or molecular subtypes. The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa irradiation significantly reduce the risk of recurrence in the corresponding area. However, axillary and internal mammary nodal irradiation has no impact on the risk of recurrence in the corresponding area.

The predicting value of pretreatment neutrophil count and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in peripheral blood for the pathological tumor responses in patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma after preoperative therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the predicting values of hematological indicators for the pathological response in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma after preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and radical surgery.Methods:The absolute count of neutrophils (NE), lymphocytes (LY) and monocytes (MO) of 102 patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma in a multi-center randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trial (NCT01815853) from June 2013 to Feburary 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the chemotherapy alone group (ChT, 3 cycles of XELOX regimen) and the chemoradiation group (CRT, 1 cycle of induced XELOX regimen and 4500 cGy/25f radiotherapy plus concurrent extenuated 2 cycles of XELOX regimen), 51 cases in each group. The pathological response indicators of tumors after radical surgery included tumor regression grade, pathological complete regression, pathological T stage (ypT), N stage (ypN) and TNM stage (ypTNM).Results:Univariate regression analysis and ROC curves demonstrated a significant association between the absolute neutrophil count (NE) and ypT, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and ypN 0, and LMR and ypTNM reduction in the entire cohort of patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher NE (>4.10×10 9/L) was significantly associated with higher probability of ypT reduction ( OR=3.308, P=0.007). Higher LMR (>3.46) was significantly associated with higher ypN 0 probability ( OR=4.276, P=0.005) and better ypTNM reduction ( OR=2.805, P=0.019). In subgroup analysis, higher NE (>4.10) was significantly correlated with higher probability of ypT reduction ( OR=3.750, P=0.030) in the CRT group, and higher LMR (>3.46) was significantly associated with higher ypN 0 probability ( OR=8.500, P=0.050) and the probability of ypTNM stage reduction ( OR=4.000, P=0.026) in the ChT group. Conclusions:Pretreatment NE and LMR in the peripheral blood serve as independent predictors for tumor pathological responses after preoperative treatment, and immune condition is correlated with tumor regression after radical surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.

Consistently high HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Chengdu city from 2009 to 2014.

To describe the trends of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu city, China, consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted by the Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These surveys were carried out between 2009 and 2014 according to the protocol of the national HIV Sentinel Surveillance System. For the 2422 MSM who participated in the survey, the overall HIV prevalence was 15.5% (375/2422, 95% CI 14.0-16.9%). Between 2009 and 2014, the HIV prevalence of MSM remained high, with HIV-positivity rates of 15.0%, 15.1%, 16.3%, 13.9%, 17.8% and 14.0% each year respectively (χ2 for trend = 0.008, P = 0.931). However, the majority (89.8%) of participants had had anal sex in the six months prior to the interview, and the percentage always using condoms during anal sex increased over the study period (36.7% in 2009, 39.8% in 2010, 36.9% in 2011, 46.2% in 2012, 65.1% in 2013, 49.0% in 2014; Chi-square for trend = 49.883, P < 0.001). HIV prevalence among MSM in Chengdu city has remained high. Given the continuing high levels of unprotected anal intercourse and high HIV prevalence among MSM, more effective intervention strategies are required to increase the coverage of MSM by risk-reduction interventions and to promote HIV testing among this population.