How can we tackle energy efficiency in IoT based smart buildings?

Nowadays, buildings are increasingly expected to meet higher and more complex performance requirements. Among these requirements, energy efficiency is recognized as an international goal to promote energy sustainability of the planet. Different approaches have been adopted to address this goal, the most recent relating consumption patterns with human occupancy. In this work, we analyze what are the main parameters that should be considered to be included in any building energy management. The goal of this analysis is to help designers to select the most relevant parameters to control the energy consumption of buildings according to their context, selecting them as input data of the management system. Following this approach, we select three reference smart buildings with different contexts, and where our automation platform for energy monitoring is deployed. We carry out some experiments in these buildings to demonstrate the influence of the parameters identified as relevant in the energy consumption of the buildings. Then, in two of these buildings are applied different control strategies to save electrical energy. We describe the experiments performed and analyze the results. The first stages of this evaluation have already resulted in energy savings of about 23% in a real scenario.

Portland Cement-Based Grouts Enhanced with Basalt Fibers for Post-Tensioned Concrete Duct Filling.

In post-tensioned systems, grouts act as a last line of defense to prevent the penetration of harmful compounds such as chlorides, moisture and other substances that cause corrosion in the prestressing steel. For this reason, improving grouts results in the enhancement of the overall durability of the structure. In this study, the physical properties of grouts with basalt microfiber additions in the amounts of 0.03, 0.07 and 0.10% with respect to the mix volume were evaluated. The fresh properties included flowability and unit mass. Specimens were fabricated to evaluate drying shrinkage, compressive strength, air permeability and rapid permeability to chloride ions. The incorporation of basalt microfibers showed a beneficial effect on the physical properties of the grout by increasing the drying shrinkage resistance and decreasing the permeability compared to the reference mix and two commercial dry prepackaged grouts. The optimal grout mix was the one with a percentage of basalt microfibers of 0.10%, which decreased drying shrinkage by 15.98% at 14 days compared to the reference mix, and permeability to chloride ions decreased by 10.82% compared to the control mix.

Ab initio and DFT study of the conformational energy hypersurface of cyclic Gly-Gly-Gly.

The multidimensional conformational potential energy hypersurface (PEHS) of cyclic Gly-Gly-Gly (1,4,7-triazonane-2,5,8-trione) was comprehensively investigated at the Hartree-Fock (RHF/6-31G(d)) level of theory. The equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and the transition state (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed. aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G** single point calculations predict a trans-cis-cis conformation as the energetically preferred form for this compound. However, all of the levels of theory employed here predicted that two forms, a trans-cis-cis and a cis-cis-cis (crown), of conformers contribute significantly to the equilibrium mixture at room temperature. The conformational interconversion between the global minimum and the symmetric cis-cis-cis crown form requires 12.49 kcal/mol at the RHF 6-31G(d) level of theory, whereas the conformational interconversion between the cis-cis-cis crown and cis-cis-cis boat form requires 18.70 kcal/mol. An exploratory topological analysis of the PEHS was also carried out. Our results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the PEHSs of these cyclic tripeptides, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion processes in these hypersurfaces.

Infusión subcutánea domiciliaria de furosemida en la insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada descompensada / Home Subcutaneous Infusion of Furosemide in Advanced Decompensated Heart Failure

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Ring inversion in 1,4,7 cyclononatriene and analogues: Ab initio and DFT calculations and topological analysis.

The multidimensional conformational potential energy hypersurfaces (PEHSs) for cis-cis-cis 1,4,7 cyclononatriene (I), Tribenzocyclononatriene (TBCN) (II), and cis-cis-cis cyclic triglycine (III) were comprehensively investigated at the Hartree-Fock (HF/6-31G(d)) and density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) levels of theory. The equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and the transition state (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed. Altogether, four geometries (two low-energy conformations and two transition states) were found to be important for a description of the conformational features of compounds I-III. B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz//B3lYP/6-31G(d,p) and MP2/6-31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) single point calculations predict that the conformational interconversion between crown and twist forms requires 14.01, 26.71, and 17.79 kcal/mol for compounds I, II, and III, respectively, which is in agreement with the available experimental data. A topological study of the conformational PEHSs of compounds I-III was performed. Our results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the PEHSs of compounds I-III, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion process in these hypersurfaces.

In vitro antifungal properties structure-activity relationships and studies on the mode of action of N-phenyl, N-aryl, N-phenylalkyl maleimides and related compounds.

The synthesis, in vitro antifungal evaluation and structure-activity relationship studies of 14 compounds of the N-phenyl-, N-aryl-, N-phenylalkyl- maleimide and 3,4-dichloromaleimide series are reported. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of standardized yeasts and filamentous fungi as well as clinical isolates of Candida albicans. The activities of N-phenylalkyl-3,4-dichloromaleimide derivatives but not those of N-phenylalkyl-maleimide derivatives showed to be dependent on the length of the alkyl chain. N-Phenylpropyl-3,4-dichloromaleimide showed the broadest spectrum of action and lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in all of the fungi tested. The nitrogen-carbon distance between the two rings seems to play an important role in the antifungal behavior of these compounds. The most active structure showed inhibited (1,3)beta-D-glucan and chitin synthases, enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the major fungal cell-wall polymers.

Morbilidad ambulatoria y hospitalaria de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en niños menores de 5 años: segunda parte / Ambulatory and hospitalary morbidity of acute respiratory infections in children under age 5: second part

Se realizó un estudio analítico de caso control prospectivo para analizar el comportamiento de la morbilidad ambulatoria y hospitalaria de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en niños menores de 5 años. El trabajo se efectuó en los consultorios del médico de la familia del área rural del Policlínico Universitario Luis Li Trijent del municipio Güines, La Habana, en el segundo semestre del año 2005. Se seleccionó una muestra de 80 niños por muestreo simple aleatorio, de ellos, 40 casos expuestos a factores de riesgos sociales (grupo 1) y otros 40 no expuestos (grupo 2). Se apreció un mayor predominio de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en los niños con factores de riesgos sociales donde hubo enfermedades asociadas. También el mayor número de casos con tratamiento ambulatorio e ingreso en el hogar y hospitalario fueron en los niños del Grupo 1. Se observó que las IRA altas prevalecieron sobre las IRA bajas (AU)

An analytical prospective case-control study was carried out to analyze the behavior of the ambulatory and hospitalary morbidity of acute respiratory infections in children under age 5. The work was accomplished in the doctor's offices of the rural area of the Luis Li Trijent University Policlinic in the municipality of Güines, Havana province; in the second semester of the year 2005. In those cases exposed to social risk factors a higher predominance of respiratory infections was evidenced with some associated diseases. Also the highest number of cases with ambulatory treatment and hospital or home admission were in the children of Group 1. It was observed that Upper ARI prevailed over lower ARI(AU)

Morbilidad por accidentes en menores de 15 años / Morbility by accidents in lesser than 15 years old

Los accidentes son los responsables de la primera causa de muerte en la población entre 1 y 49 años de edad, fundamentalmente en menores de 15 años, ocupando el cuarto lugar entre las causas de muerte más frecuentes en personas de todas las edades con una tendencia ascendente. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo sobre la morbilidad por accidentes en menores de 15 años en 10 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Docente “Luis Li Trejent”,del municipio de Güines, provincia La Habana, en el período comprendido desde enero 2001 hasta enero 2002. Se confeccionó y aplicó una encuesta a las madres de los lesionados según los objetivos propuestos con el apoyo de los médicos y enfermeras de la familia. Como resultados del trabajo, se observó que la cuarta parte de los niños sufrió algún accidente, predominando el sexo masculino y el grupo etáreo de 10 a 14 años. Además, el tipo de accidente más frecuente fueron las caídas y las extremidades, el sitio anatómico más afectado. La mayoría evolucionó a la curación sin secuelas aunque debemos destacar que presentamos un fallecido .A través del estudio realizado se constató que los accidentes constituyen un grave problema de salud en el área, teniendo en cuenta su repercusión desde el punto de vista económico y social (AU)