RESUMEN
Impaired adipose tissue insulin signalling is a critical feature of insulin resistance. Here we identify a pathway linking the lipolytic enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to insulin action via the glucose-responsive transcription factor ChREBP and its target, the fatty acid elongase ELOVL6. Genetic inhibition of HSL in human adipocytes and mouse adipose tissue results in enhanced insulin sensitivity and induction of ELOVL6. ELOVL6 promotes an increase in phospholipid oleic acid, which modifies plasma membrane fluidity and enhances insulin signalling. HSL deficiency-mediated effects are suppressed by gene silencing of ChREBP and ELOVL6. Mechanistically, physical interaction between HSL, independent of lipase activity, and the isoform activated by glucose metabolism ChREBPα impairs ChREBPα translocation into the nucleus and induction of ChREBPß, the isoform with high transcriptional activity that is strongly associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. Targeting the HSL-ChREBP interaction may allow therapeutic strategies for the restoration of insulin sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-Hélice/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Insulina/metabolismo , Esterol Esterasa/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos/genética , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Glucosa/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Fluidez de la Membrana/genética , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Until very recently, G-protein dependent signal of GPCRs was thought to originate exclusively from the plasma membrane and internalized GPCRs were considered silent. Here, we demonstrated that, once internalized and located in the membrane of early endosomes, glucose-dependent Insulinotropic receptor (GIPR) continues to trigger production of cAMP and PKA activation. Direct evidence is based on identification of the active form of Gαs in early endosomes containing GIPR using a genetically encoded GFP tagged nanobody, and on detection of a distinct FRET signal accounting for cAMP production at the surface of endosomes containing GIP, compared to endosomes without GIP. Furthermore, decrease of the sustained phase of cAMP production and PKA activation kinetics as well as reversibility of cAMP production and PKA activity following GIP washout in cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of GIPR internalization, and continuous increase of cAMP level over time in the presence of dominant-negative Rab7, which causes accumulation of early endosomes in cells, were noticed. Hence the GIPR joins the few GPCRs which signal through G-proteins both at plasma membrane and on endosomes.