Association of body composition with ambulatory blood pressure among Chinese youths.

BACKGROUND: For youths, abnormalities in ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) patterns are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and potential target organ damage. Body composition, including indicators such as lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral fat level (VFL), plays a significant role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, little is known about the association between these body composition indicators and ABP. Therefore, the present study examined the association between these body composition indicators and BP among Chinese youths. METHODS: A total of 477 college students aged 17 to 28 years old (mean ± Standard deviation = 18.96 ± 1.21) from a university in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, were included in this study. Body composition indicators were measured with a bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between body composition indicators and abnormal ABP. RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal BP, including 24-hour BP, daytime BP, nighttime BP, and clinic BP, were 4.8%, 4.2%, 8.6%, and 10.9%, respectively. After adjusting for potential covariates, LMI [abnormal 24-hour BP (OR = 1.85, 95%CI:1.31, 2.62), abnormal daytime BP (OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.21, 2.58), abnormal nighttime BP (OR = 1.64, 95%CI:1.25, 2.14), abnormal clinic BP (OR = 1.84, 95%CI:1.38, 2.45)], FMI [abnormal 24-hour BP (OR = 1.20, 95%CI:1.02, 1.41), abnormal daytime BP (OR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.07, 1.57), abnormal nighttime BP (OR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.10, 1.39), abnormal clinic BP (OR = 1.42, 95%CI:1.22, 1.65)], and VFL [abnormal 24-hour BP (OR = 1.22, 95%CI:1.06, 1.39), abnormal daytime BP (OR = 1.29, 95%CI:1.10, 1.51), abnormal nighttime BP (OR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.12, 1.39), abnormal clinic BP (OR = 1.38, 95%CI:1.21, 1.57)] are positively linked to abnormal BP. Additionally, there were significant sex differences in the association between body composition and abnormal BP. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested maintaining an individual's appropriate muscle mass and fat mass and focusing on the different relations of males' and females' body composition is crucial for the achievement of appropriate BP profiles.

Exposure to light at night (LAN) and risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Current studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the associations between light at night (LAN) exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Our study systematically summarized the evidence of the association between LAN exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We searched five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) for observational studies published up to 1 August 2023. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by random-effects models for the association. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the group with the lowest level of LAN, the group with the highest level of LAN is associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (pooled OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.13-1.26), hypertension (pooled OR: 1.86, 95% CI:1.28-2.72), and diabetes (pooled OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07-1.31). Our meta-analysis demonstrated LAN exposure is associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

MiR-205-5p suppresses angiogenesis in gastric cancer by downregulating the expression of VEGFA and FGF1.

Anti-angiogenic therapy represents one of the most promising treatment modalities for human cancers. However, the response to antiangiogenic therapy in gastric cancer (GC) remains dismal. To help identify new strategies for antiangiogenic therapy in GC, we evaluated miR-205-5p expression in GC tissues from TCGA database and our hospital, and its functions in angiogenesis were explored in vitro and in vivo. We investigated miR-205-5p expression and microvessel densities (MVDs) in GC tissues and liver metastases from patients. The function and mechanisms of miR-205-5p were examined in human cell lines and in xenograft mouse models. Associations between miR-205-5p expression and clinical characteristics were analyzed using either Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Differences in overall survival (OS) distributions were evaluated using the log-rank test. Differences in measurement data were compared using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. We found that miR-205-5p expression was downregulated in GC tissues and was negatively correlated with CD31 expression in both TCGA and our clinical samples. GC cell lines expressed low levels of miR-205-5p, and miR-205-5p upregulation significantly impaired the proliferation and angiogenesis of GC cells. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression and activation of extracellular-related kinase (ERK) signaling were suppressed by miR-205-5p. MiR-205-5p inhibition promoted malignant phenotypes by enhancing VEGFA and FGF1 expression, as well as the activation of ERK signaling. Angiogenesis and ERK signaling were decreased in response to VEGFA and FGF1 downregulation induced by miR-205-5p overexpression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that VEGFA and FGF1 were direct targets of miR-205-5p. Xenograft mouse models revealed that miR-205-5p suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting neovascularization. Altogether, these results demonstrate that miR-205-5p suppresses angiogenesis in GC by attenuating the expression of VEGFA and FGF1, indicating that upregulation of miR-205-5p may represent as an antiangiogenic therapy for GC.

Prognostic value of tumor deposits in locally advanced rectal cancer: a retrospective study with propensity score matching.

BACKGROUND: The actual risks posed by tumor deposits (TDs) in colorectal cancer are still incompletely assessed. We explored the prognostic value of TDs in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients using propensity score matching (PSM) method. METHODS: Consecutive LARC patients in Peking University First Hospital between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were conducted to explore prognostic values of TDs. PSM method was conducted to minimize selection bias. The correlation between TDs number and prognosis was explored. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty-one LARC patients were recruited, and 78 (17.3%) patients were with TDs. Multivariate Cox analysis identified that the presence of TDs was an independent prognostic risk factor for overall survival (OS) (P = 0.044). PSM identified 76 matched pairs of LARC patients, and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with TDs experienced worse  OS (log-rank P = 0.0220) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (log-rank P = 0.0117). Subgroup analysis of 50 pairs extracted by PSM from 246 LARC patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) further proved that TDs were significantly associated with worse OS (log-rank P = 0.0415), and the association was barely significant for RFS (log-rank P = 0.0527). There were non-significant tendencies towards higher mortality in TDs ≥ 2 than TD = 1 group (log-rank P = 0.348 for OS, log-rank P = 0.087 for RFS). CONCLUSION: Our study manifested that the presence of TDs was an independent risk factor for LARC patients. The prognostic value of TDs for LARC patients with LNM should not be ignored.

Anonymous Asynchronous Ratchet Tree Protocol for Group Messaging.

Signal is the first application that applies the double ratchet for its end-to-end encryption protocol. The core of the double ratchet protocol is then applied in WhatsApp, the most popular messaging application around the world. Asynchronous Ratchet Tree (ART) is extended from ratchet and Diffie-Hellman tree. It is the first group protocol that applies Forward Secrecy (FS) with Post-Compromised Security (PCS). However, it does not consider protecting the privacy of user identity. Therefore, it makes sense to provide anonymous features in the conditions of FS and PCS. In this paper, the concepts of Internal Group Anonymity (IGA) and External Group Anonymity (EGA) are formalized. On the basis of IGA and EGA, we develop the "Anonymous Asynchronous Ratchet Tree (AART)" to realize anonymity while preserving FS and PCS. Then, we prove that our AART meets the requirements of IGA and EGA as well as FS and PCS. Finally, the performance and related issues of AART are discussed.

A modified alternative fistula risk score (a-FRS) obtained from the computed tomography enhancement pattern of the pancreatic parenchyma predicts pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: Alternative fistula risk score (a-FRS) is useful to predict clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: Clinical data from 239 patients undergoing PD were collected. The CT value of the pancreatic parenchyma was measured in the nonenhanced (N), arterial (A), portal venous (P), and late (L) phases. The A/N, A/P, P/L and A/L ratios were calculated and their correlation with CR-POPF were analyzed. By replacing pancreatic texture with the best CT attenuation ratio, a modified a-FRS was developed. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients developed CR-POPF. The A/P ratio (P < 0.001), P/L ratio (P = 0.002) and A/L ratio (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the CR-POPF group. The A/L ratio performed best in predicting CR-POPF (AUC: 0.803) and the cut-off value is 1.36. A/L ratio >1.36 (P < 0.001), body mass index (P = 0.005) and duct diameter (P = 0.037) were independently associated with CR-POPF. By replacing soft texture with an A/L ratio >1.36, a modified a-FRS was developed and performed better than the a-FRS (AUC: 0.823 vs 0.748, P = 0.006) in predicting CR-POPF. CONCLUSIONS: The modified a-FRS is an objective and preoperative model for predicting the occurrence of CR-POPF after PD.

A Blockchain-Based Authentication and Dynamic Group Key Agreement Protocol.

With the rapid development of mobile networks, there are more and more application scenarios that require group communication. For example, in mobile edge computing, group communication can be used to transmit messages to all group members with minimal resources. The group key directly affects the security of the group communication. Most existing group key agreement protocols are often flawed in performance, scalability, forward or backward secrecy, or single node failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based authentication and dynamic group key agreement protocol. With our protocol, each group member only needs to authenticate its left neighbor once to complete the authentication, which improved authentication efficiency. In addition, our protocol guarantees the forward secrecy of group members after joining the group and the backward secrecy of group members after leaving the group. Based on blockchain technology, we solve the problem of single node failure. Furthermore, we use mathematics to prove the correctness and security of our protocol, and the comparison to related protocols shows that our protocol reduces computation and communication costs.

Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection after open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of distal femur: A multicentre study.

There remains a lack of data on the epidemiological characteristics of surgical site infection (SSI) following the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular fractures of distal femur, and the aim of this study was to solve this key clinical issue. The electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients who underwent ORIF for distal femoral fracture from January 2013 to December 2017 were reviewed to identify those who developed a SSI. Then, we conducted univariate Chi-square analyses and used a multivariate logistic regression analysis model to determine the adjusted risk factors associated with SSI. A total of 724 patients who underwent ORIF of intra-articular fractures of the distal femur were studied retrospectively, and 29 patients had postoperative SSIs. The overall incidence of SSIs was 4.0% (29/724), with deep SSIs being 1.5% (11/724), and superficial SSIs being 2.5% (18/724). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative pathogen (8, 42.1%), followed by mixed bacterial pathogens (5, 26.3%). Open fracture, obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus were identified as the adjusted risk factors associated with SSIs. Although modification of these risk factors may be difficult, patients and families should be counselled regarding their increased risk of SSI because these patients potentially benefit from focused perioperative medical optimisation.

Comparison and analysis of the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery and craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare and analyze the effects and safety of minimally invasive and craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (research and control group). Research group was treated with endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, while control group was treated with craniotomy and hematoma clearance. The basic situation, clinical effects, prognosis, nerve function and inflammatory factors of the two groups were compared while the condition of postoperative complications was also observed. RESULTS: The operative time of patients in research group showed statistically significant (P<0.05) difference when compared with control group. Hematoma clearance rate and intraoperative blood loss of research group was significantly better than control group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups in preoperative hemorrhage and edema around the hematoma, however hemorrhage and edema around the hematoma after four weeks of surgery in the research group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than control group. After four weeks of treatment, the BI and SSS score, SP and IL-2 level of the research group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), while MRS score, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α and SF was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with craniotomy, minimally invasive surgery is more effective in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as it is more conducive to restore neurological function, improve prognosis and reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.

[Clinicopathological screening of Lynch syndrome: a report of 2 cases and literature review].

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the early onset of colon cancer, endometrial cancer and other tumors caused by a genetic mutation within DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. A small subgroup (approximately 3%-5%) of endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer is related to Lynch syndrome. Identification of these patients in clinical practice will be of great benefit to the relatives and patients themselves. We reported two cases, and reviewed the literature and clinical diagnostic guideline. MMR protein was lost in the tumors. Meanwhile the two cases had different clinicopathological characteristics. Together with the literature, our findings may suggest that the MMR protein expression, associated molecular alterations and clinicopathological features and biological behavior of endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer related to Lynch syndrome are different. Thus the algorithm for detection the patients at highest risk is different. To detect the MMR loss by immunohistochemistry is a practicalscreening method.

Effects of Transglutaminase-Induced ß-Conglycinin Gels on Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora in Mice at Different High-Intensity Ultrasound Pretreatment Time.

TGase-7S gels prepared after different HIU pretreatment times were used to intervene in healthy mice to analyze their effects on growth characteristics and intestinal morphology, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to fecal samples to investigate the effects of the gel on the structure and diversity of intestinal flora in mice. The results showed that the intestinal tissues of mice in different treatment groups showed better integrity, and the intake of gel increased the length of small intestinal villi in mice, among which the 30-gel group had the highest value of villi length (599.27 ± 44.28) µm (p < 0.05) and showed the neatest and tightest arrangement, indicating that the intake of gel did not have adverse effects on the intestinal tract. The effect of gel ingestion on the diversity of the intestinal microbial community structure was more significant, positively promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Desferriobacterium, Synechococcus, and Bifidobacterium. In addition, the ingestion of the gel improved the intestinal health of mice by altering the physiological functions of the intestinal flora and modulating their participation in various metabolic pathways. The above findings provide some theoretical value for the safety of 7S gel in food applications.

Mechanism of aroma formation in white tea treated with solar withering.

Withering is a crucial process that determines the quality of white tea (WT). Solar withering (SW) is reported to contribute to the aroma quality of WT. However, the mechanism by which aroma is formed in WT subjected to SW remains unclear. In this study, through headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and transcriptomics, we found that 13 key genes enriched in the mevalonic acid and methylerythritol phosphate pathways, such as those of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and terpineol synthase, were significantly upregulated, promoting the accumulation of α-terpinolene, geraniol, and nerolidol, which imparted floral and fruity odors to WT subjected to SW. Additionally, the significant upregulation of lipoxygenases enriched in the lipoxygenase pathway promoting the accumulation of hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (E, Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, and nonanal, which contributed to the green and fresh odor in WT subjected to SW. This study provided the first comprehensive insight into the effect mechanism of SW on aroma formation in WT.

Investigation of the quality of Lu'an Guapian tea during Grain Rain period by sensory evaluation, objective quantitative indexes and metabolomics.

The harvest date is a crucial factor in determining tea quality. For Lu'an Guapian (LAGP) tea, Grain Rain period (GRP) represents a pivotal phase in the transformation of tea quality. The sensory evaluation, computer vision and E-tongue revealed that the liquor color score, B and G values of tea infusion were increased during GRP, while the astringency, bitterness intensities and the R value of the tea infusion were decreased. Consequently, the tea infusion exhibited a greener hue and the taste became appropriate during GRP. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the majority of amino acids and derivatives was reduced during GRP. Furthermore, flavonoids, in particular flavonol glycosides, exhibited considerable variation during GRP. Finally, nine metabolites were identified as markers for quality transformation during GRP by PLS and Random Forest. This study investigated the quality of LAGP teas during GRP and filled the gap in the variation of LAGP tea quality during GRP.

Quantitative analysis and environmental assessments of gaseous inorganic compounds in Asphalt fume.

The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in asphalt fume is widely concerned currently due to its biological toxicity, while the negative effects by asphalt Gaseous Inorganic Compounds (GICs) have not been well quantified and addressed yet. The study investigated the thermodynamic characteristics of base and modified asphalt binders during the multiple phases of releasing the GICs, then the releasing amounts and concentrations of GICs were quantified by fume analyzer. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts of GICs from 4 kinds of asphalt binders have been quantified and interpreted. The results showed that the modified asphalt released less proportion of GICs than base asphalt as heated by same thermal condition according to the TG-DTG and enthalpy analysis. Considering 1 g of asphalt sample, the base asphalt could release extra 8 mg of GICs than modified asphalt, additionally, the emissions of NO2, NO, CO2, and SO2 are all less than the mass of 1 mg. For the environmental effects, the releasing GICs had the greatest impacts on human toxicity due to the intensive CO emission. These results are expected to provide reference and new insights into the improvement of asphalt fumes mitigation.

Metabolomics and electronic-tongue analysis reveal differences in color and taste quality of large-leaf yellow tea under different roasting methods.

Roasting is a key process in the production of large-leaf yellow tea (LYT). In this study, we synthesized metabolomics and electronic-tongue analysis to compare the quality of charcoal-roasted, electric-roasted and drum-roasted LYT. Charcoal-roasted LYT had the highest yellowness and redness, drum-roasted LYT had a more prominent umami and brightness, and electric roasting reduced astringency. A total of 48 metabolites were identified by metabolomics. Among these, leucocyanidin, kaempferol, luteolin-7-lactate, and apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside might affect the brightness and yellowness. Theanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid contents significantly and positively correlated with umami levels, and the high retention of flavonoid glycosides and catechins in drum-roasted LYT contributed to its astringency. These findings elucidate the contribution of the roasting method to the quality of LYT and provide a theoretical basis for LYT production.

A Rapid On-Line Evaluation (ROLE) Protocol in the Diagnostic Performance Improvement in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition for Solid Pancreatic Lesions.

We assessed the rapid on-line evaluation (ROLE) protocol as a modification to the conventional rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in the diagnostic performance improvement in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) for solid pancreatic lesions. This single-center, retrospective study involved consecutive patients with solid pancreatic lesions undergoing EUS-TA at Peking University First Hospital between October 2017 and March 2021. Among 137 patients enrolled, 75 were in the ROLE group and 62 were in the non-ROSE group. The diagnostic yield (97.3% vs. 85.5%, p = 0.023), accuracy (94.7% vs. 82.3%, p = 0.027), and sensitivity (95.7% vs. 81.1%, p = 0.011) were significantly higher in the ROLE group compared to the non-ROSE group. However, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) showed no significant differences (all p-values > 0.05). Additionally, there was a noteworthy reduction in the number of needle passes required in the ROLE group compared to the non-ROSE group (two vs. three, p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, fine needle biopsy (FNB) combined with ROLE demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to FNB with non-ROSE (100% vs. 93.1%, p = 0.025). Compared with the non-ROSE protocol, the ROLE protocol might improve the diagnostic performance of EUS-TA for solid pancreatic lesions, and potentially reduce the number of needle passes requirement.

Ultrasound and clinical factors predicting central lymph node metastases in patients with unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study involving a large dataset of unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (UM-PTC) sought to identify factors that predict central lymph node metastases (CLNM) in patients. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 158 patients who underwent cervical ultrasonography followed by UM-PTC diagnosis based on postoperative pathology. The relationship between CLNM and UM-PTC clinical ultrasound features was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of total tumor diameter (TTD) to predict CLNM. RESULTS: Among the 158 UM-PTC patients, the incidence of CLNM was 29.7% (47/158). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that a number of similarity of sonographic features (NSSF) ≥4 (odds ratio [OR] = 11.335, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-32.50, p = 0.000), microcalcifications (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30-9.70, p = 0.014), a TTD of ≥2 cm (OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 1.62-12.34, p = 0.004), number of nodules ≥3 (OR = 13.17, 95% CI: 3.24-53.52, p = 0.000), and Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 1.59-19.48, p = 0.007) were independently associated with CLNM in UM-PTC. ROC curve analysis revealed that the TTD cut-off of 1.795 cm had a sensitivity of 0.723 and a specificity of 0.676 for predicting CLNM. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with UM-PTC are at high risk of CLNM. NSSF ≥4, microcalcifications, TTD of ≥2 cm, LLNM, and a number of nodules ≥3 were independently associated with CLNM. Our data show that ultrasound may guide surgical decisions in the treatment of UM-PTC.

An elderly low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma patient with early postoperative recurrences and metastases: a case report and literature review.

Background: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that often involves the deep soft tissue of the extremities and trunk in young and middle-aged adults. It is uncommon in the elderly. Here we discuss a case of LGFMS in an elderly patient who had recurrence and metastasis within 2 years of resection of the primary tumor. Case report: A 71-year-old LGFMS patient was presented with a mass in the left forearm accompanied by pain and numbness from the left upper arm to fingers. The patient subsequently underwent 3 surgical resections, although she had 3 recurrences within 6 months after the initial diagnosis. Considering the malignant biological behavior of the tumor, an amputation at 5 cm above the elbow was eventually performed. However, recurrence in the extremity of the stump and chest wall metastasis were observed 2 years after amputation. Then resection of the metastases, radiotherapy and particle implantation therapy were performed. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up and has no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: In our case, multiple early postoperative recurrences may be associated with a positive margin at initial operation. The patient underwent a total of 5 operations including local resection of the primary tumor, twice wide resections, amputation and metastatic surgery with 4 early postoperative recurrences and metastases within 4 years, suggesting that LGFMS may have highly invasive biological behavior. Our case demonstrated that early aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for LGFMS patients with a positive margin at initial operation and patients who had recurrence even after wide resection rather than local resection. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatment options for rapidly progress and highly aggressive LGFMS.

Gut Microecology May Be Involved in the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis by Reducing Production of Hydrogen Sulfide.

CONTEXT: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is related to intestinal microbiota alteration, but the causal relationship remains unclear. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a microbiota-derived metabolite. We speculated that abnormal intestinal microbiota might limit H2S production capacity, promoting HT pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to illustrate that the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in HT pathogenesis via microbiota-derived H2S levels. METHODS: We collected feces from HT patients and healthy donors for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Thirty-six female CBA/J mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) group, EAT + Healthy group, EAT + HT group, and EAT + HT + H2S group. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to examine gut microbiota alterations and the H2S production pathway. Serum TgAb and H2S levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and H2S-selective sensors, respectively. T-cell subpopulations in the spleen were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The gut microbiota was different after FMT among the EAT, EAT + Healthy, and EAT + HT groups. The thyroiditis score assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining was higher in the EAT + HT group than that in the EAT and EAT + HT + H2S groups. Helper T (Th1) and Th17 cell differentiation ratios were increased in the EAT + HT group compared to the other 3 groups. Serum H2S levels were decreased and the dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) pathway was attenuated in the EAT + HT group compared to the EAT + Healthy group. CONCLUSION: H2S alleviated thyroiditis severity and related immune disorders, which were aggravated by the FMT from HT patients. The attenuated DSR pathway in the gut microbiota from HT patients might be involved in thyroiditis pathogenesis.